Psychology exam 3

What are the 3 parts that Freud believed the human mind was divided into?

1) Conscious2) Preconscious3) Unconscious

What are the three parts that Freud divided personality into?

1) id2) ego3) superego

Prader-Willi Syndrome

A genetic disorder that causes obesity, intellectual disability, and shortness in height

which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among americans

Alfred Kinsey

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior?

Attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do.

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

Babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval.

__________is hormone that stimulates satiety and is secreted from the gastrointestinal tract.

Cholecystokinin

_____ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

What is the main idea of drive theory?

Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs.

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________.

Facial feedback hypothesis

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds

Greg is Obsessed

Amir bites his fingernails. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage

Habit

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

Homeostasis

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

One's perception of whom one should be or would like to be

Ideal Self

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

One's reception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities

Real Self

Which theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change?

Set point

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?

Somatic

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality.

Patients of Manderly Psychiatric center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges like extra TV time. This is an example of ?

Token Economy

____ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

Trait

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has __________.

an internal locus of control

Anasophia binges on chocolates then induces vomiting and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ Nervosa

anorexia

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________.

anorexia

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

agoraphobia

anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make hisnails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Korkolos is a surgeon who conducts procedures that modify a patient's gastrointestinal system so that they can only eat or absorb a limited amount

bariatric

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal

generalized anxiety disorder

characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension

antisocial personality disorder

characterized by a lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors. The treatment of insomnia likely would include stress management techniques and changes in problematic behaviors that could contribute to insomnia

cognitive behavioral therapy

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

a psychological disorder is a

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

dissociative identity disorder

dissociative disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personalities or identities and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerged

depersonalization/derealization disorder

dissociative disorder in which people feel detached from the self (depersonalization), and the world feels artificial and unreal (derealization)

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

dissociative fugue

An _________ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings

emotion

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the __________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do. Cici becomes a foster parent because of________ motivation.

intrinsic

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds.

_________ on the other hand, refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience

mood

bipolar disorder

mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

those symptoms that involves noticeable decreases and absence in certain behaviors , emotion, drive in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________symptoms

negative

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

If laura has bipolar disorder, then she

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania.

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect

overjustification

which of the following is an example of a diatheses stress model

ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression but he did not experience depression until his parents died

Schachter proposed that human emotions contain two factors or parts:

physical arousal and a cognitive label

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

physiological

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

possessed by demons

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

refractory period

mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid attention to oneself.

safety behaviors

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the united states

the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

what is meant by the term etiology

the origins/cause of the diseases

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard

difference between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa

weight. person w/ anorexia nervosa is severely underweight; not true with bulimia.

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other. According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

Give an example of motivation

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

The ________theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal

James-Lange

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively towards them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?

Moving against people.

Narcissistic personality disorder

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?

According to research, the need for __________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second Phd., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list.

achievement