psychology

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

A(n)_________, also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animals rewards and punishments a.) Gestalt room b.) isolation chamber c.) Skinner box d.) Watson manipulator

Skinner box

What's the basic idea proposed by epigenetics

The same genotype can lead to different phenotypes based on ones environment.

Which sub level of the nervous system is responsible for your fight or flight response?

The sympathetic nervous system

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

A(n) _____ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon terminals a.) action potential b.) depolarization c.) hyper polarization d.) threshold of excitation

action potential

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.\ a.) circadian b.) external c.) melatonin d.) diurnal

circadian

The scientific process is______, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning. a.) circular b.) iterative c.) latrogenic d.) correlational

circular

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? a.) clinical psychology b.) cognitive psychology c.) counseling psychology d.) social psychology

clinical psychology

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? a.) -0.53 b.) -0.21 c.) +0.13 d.) +0.78

-0.21

List at least 2 changes in psychological perspectives over the last two centuries other than the improvement of technology.

1.) In the past psychology was bleak and only focused on the results of the test instead of looking out for the well being of the test subjects until Carl Rogers and humanism came along which made psychologist more aware of peoples emotional state. 2.) It went from studying what was inside with psychoanalysis to focusing on behaviors and what influences people to act and think the way they do to back to internal and personal, but with an emphasis on the idea that the two ideas can be combined with an eclectic approach

List two reasons people sleep

1.) it replenishes what the body lost during the day; rest/recovery 2.) helps the brain form memories and process info that it gained

What occurs during stage 1 sleep

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

which of the following exemplifies the empirical method a.) A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain b.) A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy c.) Dr. HW decided to start her class later because so many students arrive late d.) Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rate

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rate

Tony wrights persuasive claims in "returning to the brain of Eden," which are based largely on anecdotal evidence, are an example of what type of psychology?

This would be an example of pseudo psychology

What does the acronym WEIRD stand for, and how is it related to psychological science?

W: western/white E: education I: industrialized/individual R: rich D: democratic It is related to psychological science because this is considered the normal group that most research is based off of despite it not being a diverse group. If psychological findings don't fit into this acronym the person/ people the findings came from are considered to have something wrong with them.

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by a predominance of ________ wave activity in the brain.

alpha

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

darkness; light

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study. a.) debrief participants; ageist attitudes b.) debrief participants; deception c.) pay participants; deception d.) pay participants; use of personal photos

debrief participants; deception

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent? a.) explaining the hypothesis to the participants b.) letting the participants know that participation is voluntary c.) obtaining the participants signature or a signature from the parent or guardian if the participant is a minor d.) reviewing that data is confidential

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________. a.) Gestalt psychology b.) Humanism c.) psychoanalytic theory d.) structuralism

gestalt psychology

The case of H.M illustrates the role of which of the following in brain functioning? a.) hypothalamus b.) Corpus callosum c.) Hippocampus d.) occipital lobe

hippocampus

In a resting state, sodium (Na+1) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (k+1) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels____ inside the cell. a.) decrease b.) increase c.) increase only if potassium levels stay the same d.) stay the same

increase

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the _______ variable and word retention is the____ variable. a.) control; experimental b.) dependent; independent c.) experimental; control d.) independent; dependent

independent; dependent

Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________. a.) homeostasis b.) jet lag c.) night terrors d.) parasomnia

jet lag

A negative correlation means ________. a.) a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship b.) one variable decreases as the other increases c.) there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant d.) two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome

one variable decreases as the other increases

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known? a.) Classical conditioning of non-human animals b.) Dream analysis c.) proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior d.) studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

What two specific brain structures are instrumental in generating and regulating circadian rhythm

suprachiasmic nucleus pineal gland

_______ is/are often conducted with a large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail a.) archival research b.) case studies c.) surveys d.) university experiments

surveys

The____ of a neuron contain _____ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. a.) axons; terminal buttons b.) dendrites; synaptic vesicles c.) terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles d.) terminal buttons; transport proteins

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

a(n)_____ is a well developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena a.) conclusion b.) hypothesis c.) operational definition d.) theory

theory

cognitive psychology focuses on studying______. a.) genetics and the effect genetics on behavior b.) sensation and the effect of culture on perception c.) the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior d.) thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Professor Devine is interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. She assigns groups of children to either an active play, or no play group and records their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ______ is the control group. a.) active play; passive play b.) food choice; no play c.) no play; type of play d.) type of play; no play

type of play; no play