Public Speaking Chapter 10

Dissolve ending

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

Rhetorical question

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.

Tips for the conclusion:

Conclude with a bang, not a whimper. Be creative in devising a conclusion that hits the hearts and minds of your audience. Work on several possible endings, and select the one that seems likely to have the greatest impact.

Tips for the conclusion:

Don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance. Work it out in detail, and give yourself plenty of time to practice delivering it. Make sure you can present it smoothly, confidently, and with feeling- without relying on your notes or sounding wooden. Make your last impressions as forceful and as favorable as you can.

T/F Even if your audience don't know your topic, you should restate it at some point in the introduction.

False

End with a quotation

The closing quotation is particularly good because its urgency is exactly suited to the speech.

Summarize your speech

The value of a summary is that it explicitly restates the central idea and main points one last time.

T/F After you have determined your main points, it will be much easier to make final decisions about how to begin the speech.

True

T/F Getting the initial attention of your audience is usually easy.

True

crescendo ending

a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intesity

Preview statement

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Credibility

is mostly a matter of being qualified to speak on a given topic

Goodwill

the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interest of the audience in mind

The 4 objectives of the introduction include:

1. Get the attention and interest of your audience 2. Reveal the topic of your speech. 3. Establish your credibility and goodwill 4. Preview the body of the speech

Ways to get the attention and interest from audience:

1. Relate the topic to the audience 2. State the importance of your topic 3. Startle the audience 4. Arouse the curiosity of the audience 5. Question the audience 6. Begin with a question 7. Tell a story.

Ways to reinforce the central idea:

1. Summarize your speech 2. End with a quotation 3. Make a dramatic statement 4. Refer to the introduction

No matter what kind of speech you are giving, the conclusion has two major functions:

1. To let the audience know you are ending the speech 2. To reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea

Tips for the conclusion:

Don't be long-winded. The conclusion will normally make up no more than 5 to 10 percent of your speech

T/F The conclusion is your last chance to drive home your ideas. Successful speakers craft their ending with great care to have a strong impression

True

T/F To be most effective, a speech introduction should relate the topic to the audience and be delivered with strong eye contact.

True

T/F Under normal circumstances your introduction should not constitute more than 10 to 20 percent of your speech

True

T/F Whenever you discuss a topic whose importance may not be clear to the audience, you should think about ways to demonstrate its significance in the introduction.

True

T/F You should practice the introduction over and over until you can deliver it smoothly from a minimum of notes and with strong eye contact

True

T/F Your credibility need not to be based on firsthand knowledge and experience. It can come from reading, from classes, from interviews, from friends, etc.

True

Tips for the introduction:

When you present the speech, don't start talking too soon. Make sure the audience has quieted down and is focused on you before you begin. Establish eye contact with the audience, smile, and then launch into your opening words. Give yourself every chance to make sure your introduction has the desired impact.