Respiratory chapter13
What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
Air is forced out of the lungs.
Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:
As bicarbonate ion
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
Bacterial infection
Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:
Rales
What would hypercapnia cause
Respiratory acidosis
Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?
Respiratory alkalosis
What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?
Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing
What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva
What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis
Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years
Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?
Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections.
Orthopnea is:
difficulty breathing when lying down.
The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:
elevated carbon monoxide levels
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:
pO2 is lower in the blood
Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:
severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face.
The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:
vital capacity
Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?
PO2 is low
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?
PaCO2
Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?
Quiet expiration
The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the:
1. upper and lower respiratory tracts. 2. nasal cavities and the sinuses. 3. nasopharynx and oropharynx. 4. middle ear cavity and auditory tube.
Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocyte's journey through the circulatory system?
25%
What does the term hemoptysis refer to?
Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum
What does carbaminohemoglobin refer to?
Carbon dioxide attached to an amino group on the hemoglobin molecule
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
Influenza virus
What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) serum pH 7.0
Decompensated respiratory acidosis
Which of the following causes bronchodilation?
Epinephrine