Science Test Ch. 3-6
Cooling
By what process does magma become an igneous rock?
Weathering away and moving by wind, water, and ice
By which process does a metamorphic rock become sediment? A.) heat and pressure B.) cooling C.) melting D.) weathering away and moving by wind, water, and ice
Metamorphic rock
Which type of rock is most likely formed by process 2? Process 2: new rock formed after rock experiences high temperatures and pressure
Some minerals have the same color
Why can't only color identify a mineral?
Calcite
A student observes an unknown mineral. It was yellow, had a white streak, and was able to be scratched by Quartz. Which of these minerals is the student MOST likely observing?
Crystallization☄
Cooling causes what?
Sediment Ex. Water, wind, and glaciers
Erosions movement of ________________
Parallel
Floated rocks are grains in _________________ layers.
Geode
Hollow rock lined with mineral crystal
Extrusive
Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth's surface are which type of igneous rocks?
Randomly
Non foliated rocks are grains arranged _______________
Marble- non-foliated, produced from metamorphism of limestone. Composed primarily of calcium carbonate Schist- foliage do, contains amounts of mica Gneiss- metamorphic with banding medium to coarse grains, segregated into bands Slate- foisted, fine grained. Formed from shale and used for roofing Quartzite- produced by metamorphism of sandstone. Composed primarily of Quartz, non-foliated
Pick a metamorphic rock and describe it -Marble -Schist -Gneiss -Slate -Quartzite
Amphibole- common,dark, heavy, and a rock forming mineral Quartz- most common on earth. 98% primarily mineral
Pick a mineral from section 1 minerals and describe it -Amphibole -Quartz
Calcite- forms from limestone made of calcium carbonate Feldspar: rock-forming mineral(aluminum and silica)industrially important in glass.
Pick a mineral from section 2 minerals and describe it -Calcite -Feldspar
Gypsum- used as prefabricated wallboard,industrial, or building plaster Olivine- magnesium iron silicate, common on earth's surface
Pick a mineral from section 3 minerals and describe it -Gypsum -Olivine
Galena-common, contains lead. Forms cubes and has luster/shine. Pyroxene- important, major mineral in the rock basalt.
Pick a mineral from section 4 minerals and describe it -Galena -Pyroxene
Limestone- composed primarily of calcium carbonate, forms in marine waters Rock salt- forms when water evaporates and leaves dissolved minerals Conglomerate-space between the clasts are small particles that bind the rock together
Pick a sedimentary rock and describe it -Limestone -Rock Salt -Conglomerate
Andesite- fine grained rock, mainly of plagioclase Rhyolite-light colored, contains Quartz and feldspar minerals Basalt- dark colored forms from cooled lava
Pick an igneous-extrusive rock and describe it -Andesite -Rhyolite -Basalt
Diorite- coarse grained rock; contains mixture of feldspar, pyroxene, and hornblende Gabbro- coarse grained rock, dark colored, most abundant rock in the ocean crust Granite- large crystals, composed mainly of Quartz and feldspar
Pick an igneous-intrusive rock and describe it •Diorite •Gabbro •Granite
Layers or Lack of Layers
Rock are collated or non-foliated depending on their______________________.
Igneous Rocks
Rocks that are produced when magma or lava cools and hardens are called _____________?
-loose materials -cemented, compacted together -water with dissolved minerals -"glue" rock together
Sedimentary rock formation forms in layers of what?
Gypsum
Students are observing properties of an unknown mineral. The mineral is soft enough to be scratched by. Fingernail. What mineral could the students be observing?
On a continuing journey
The rock cycle shows each rock____________________________.
Change under extreme pressure
The word metamorphic means_______________________.
-Hexagonal -Taxtregonal
Two patterns that crystalline forms
Rock Ex. Wind, water, and ice
Weathering is the breaking down of ______
Evaporation Ex.) Halite
What do minerals form from?
Color
What is usually the least useful property to use in identifying an unknown mineral?
Weathering and erosion
What process in the rock cycle results in broken pieces of rock known as sediment?
Streak is the color of the powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed against a surface
What statement provides the best description of the mineral property called streak?
Above the surface
Where would extrusive igneous rocks be located?
Metamorphic rocks are melted and then cooled
Which best describes one way igneous rocks form? A.) sedimentary rocks erode B.) sedimentary rocks are compacted C.) metamorphic rock are melted and then cooled D.) metamorphic rocks are deposited and cemented
B. Sedimentary Rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock
Which can occur in the rock cycle? A.) metamorphic rock melts to form sedimentary rock B.) sedimentary rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock C.) igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock D.) none of the above
Radiation
Which factor would have the LEAST effect on the formation of a rock? A.) weathering B.) radiation C.) pressure D.) melting
D. All of the above
Which state applies to minerals? A.) more than 4,000 have been identified. B.) you can find them in your shaker C.) each has a unique arrangement of atoms D.) all of the above
Rocks are classified by how they were formed
Which statement best describes how rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic? A.) rocks are classified by where they are found B.) Rocks are classified by how old they are C.) rocks are classified by how they were formed D.) rocks are classified by their color