Semester 1 Texas History
James Polk
"Manifest Destiny President" of the U.S. elected in 1844; Texas annexed soon after
Father Francisco Hidalgo
*Missionary at San Juan Batista *Wanted to rebuild San Francisco de los Tejas *Asked French Governor in Louisiana to rebuild it in secret *Governor agreed and sent Louis de St. Denis to meet with the Viceroy of New Spain, they did not agree to rebuild the mission and St. Denis was arrested
Women in the Civil War
*Took men's places in offices and factories *Ran farms and plantations
Purpose of Missions
-To convert Natives to Christians and Spanish Citizens to help their claim on the new world since they had so few Spanish settlers in the new world
Howard Hughes, Sr.
1869-1924 He capitalized on the Spindletop oil discovery in 1901 by devoting his time to the oil business, developed the rotary drill bit which revolutionized the oil industry and furthered efforts for offshore drilling.
The state number Texas was when joining the Union
28th
Populism
A 19th century political movement where people wanted a voice in government and to advance the interests of farmers and laborers
Antonio Margil de Jesus
A Catholic friar that established several missions in East Texas by 1717; Spanish tension with the French; these missions had to be abandoned; fled to San Antonio; there he founded San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, the most successful of all the Texas missions
Rene-Robert de La Salle
A French explorer who sailed down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the entire inland region of North America for France. He named the region Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV.
Conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Presidio
A Spanish fort
Friar
A catholic priest who belongs to a religious order
Drag
A cattle job where a cowboy rode behind the cattle to keep from straying
Reform
A change made in order to improve something.
war council
A council of war is a term in military science that describes a meeting held to decide on a course of action
territorial claims
A disagreement over the control of land.
Constitution
A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society
refinery
A factory in which crude oil is heated and separated into fuels and other products
expedition
A long journey by a group to explore or do battle
Standard of Living
A measurement of prosperity or wealth for the people in a country usually measured in terms of income.
Prohibition
A period in time where it was made illegal (by the 18th Amendment) to manufacture, sell , or consume alcoholic beverages.
Wild Catter
A person who drills an oil well in an area not known to contain oil
Missionary
A person who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others
explorer (exploration)
A person who travels to a new place to learn about it. (the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it)
Stockyard
A place where livestock is bought, sold, and held before shipment
Oliver Loving
A rancher and cattle driver. Together with Charles Goodnight, he developed the Goodnight-Loving Trail. He was mortally wounded by Indians while on a cattle drive.
mission
A religious settlement
Confederate States of America
A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States
Progressive Era
A time during the turn of the 20th century where people wanted to reform America economically, socially, and politically. Changed issues - child labor, education, working conditions, equal rights (voting), political corruption, temperance, poverty, etc.
Settlers in Austin colony
Adapted to the climate conditions in Texas by planting most of the land with cotton.
Milton M. Holland
African American awarded the Medal of Honor for his service in the Civil War
The siege of the Alamo and all the heroic defenders who gave their lives there (7.3C)
All Texans were killed, and approximately 600 Mexican soldiers were also killed.
1519
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda explores and maps the Texas coastline.
Legend
Also known as a key, explains the meaning of all the symbols on a map
Cities of the Great Plains
Amarillo, Lubbock, Midland, Odessa
19th Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) gave women the right to vote..
Supply and Demand
An economic concept that states that the price of an item rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the item is available (supply)
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. The movement of people from rural areas to cities.
Labor Union
An organization of workers in a particular industry or trade, created to defend the interests of members, such as working conditions, wages, and benefits; through strikes or negotiations with employers.
Lasso
Any rope or leather knotted to catch cattle or horses
Plains Culture tribes
Apache, Comanche, Tonkawa, Kiowa
Civil War begins at Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
Battle of San Jacinto (7.3C)
April 21, 1836-Shortest battle in history (The battle lasted 18 minutes), Santa Anna was captured the next day and surrendered to SamHouston
End of Civil War
April 9, 1865
Suffrage
Associated with the social movement that lobbied for the right to vote, regardless of gender.
Mirabeau Lamar - Texas military
BUILD IT UP! MORE! MORE!
Reasons Cattle drives ended
Barbwire, overproduction of cattle, and railroads coming to Texas
North's Economy
Based on factories, industrialism, and small farms
Nueces River
Border of Texas according to MEXICO
Rio Grande River
Border of Texas according to TEXAS
Patillo Higgins
Businessman, geologist. Convinced there was oil at Spindletop, underneath the salt dome. Hired Anthony Lucas to drill, oil was discovered at Spindletop.
Southeastern Culture tribes
Caddo, Wichita, Atakapa
Cynthia Ann Parker
Captured by Comanche when she was only 9 years old. Married a Comanche chief and had a famous son.
Mexican National Era
Characterized by Mexican Independence and Empresario land grants that established Anglo settlements.
Revolution Era (7.1A )
Characterized by the rising tensions between Texas empresarios and settlers with the Mexican government culminating in the Texas Revolution and independence for Texas
Chief Bowles
Chief of Cherokees in Texas. Died at the battle of the Neches against Lamar and the Texas Army
Thomas Green
Commanded a ship in the Battle of Galveston and led cavalry units during the war
John B. Magruder
Commanded the Confederate forces in Texas; Led Confederates at Galveston
John Bell Hood
Commander of Hood's Texas Brigade, one of the many Texas brigades that fought in the Civil War
Edwin Moore
Commodore of the Texas Navy. Called a Pirate by Sam Houston.
Confederate States of America
Consisted of 11 southern states that seceded from the U.S after the election of Abe Lincoln. President of the Confederate was Jefferson Davis.
1521
Cortez conquered the Aztecs
Close Reading
Critically examining significant details and language patterns of a text in order to develop a deep understanding of the author's claims or point of view
Cities of the Coastal Plains
Dallas, Austin, Houston, San Antonio, Galveston, Corpus Christi
Constitutional Convention of 1836 (7.3C)
Declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836 and to form an ad interim government for the Republic of Texas
Windmill
Device using wind power to pump water from underground to the surface
Cities in the Mountains and Basins Region
El Paso
Conscription Act
Enacted in April of 1862, it subjected all white males between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five to military service for three years. It was repealed in 1863.
Greene De Witt
Established a colony near present day Gonzales/Second most successful Empresario
Appomattox Court House
Famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant
Father Hidalgo
Favored Mexican independence from Spain.
Barbed wire
Fencing designed with sharp points; ended the open ranges and led to range wars
Reasons why Natives called some soldiers Buffalo Soldiers
Fierce dark eyes, brave fighters, and dark hair
Philip Nolan
Filibuster from United States/Mustang trader/rumored spy on Spanish activities for French forces in Louisiana.
James Long
Filibuster; captured and executed in 1822 after leading an army into Nacogdoches and declaring Texas' independence from Mexico.
Moses Austin
First America to receive Spanish land grants in Mexico, later Texas. He died and passed land to his son Stephen F Austin)
Transcontinental railroad
First Railroad that ran all the way across the continent
Battle of Gonzales (7.3C)
First battle of the Texas Revolution - October 2, 1835
Fort Sumter
First shots fired. Confederate soldiers fire on Union Soldiers.
Anglo settlers
Followed empresarios with land grants/European descent/caucasian (white)
Gutierrez
Follower of Father Hildago
Buffalo Soldiers
Following the U.S. Civil War, regiments of African-American men known as buffalo soldiers served on the western frontier, battling Indians and protecting settlers.
Cities of the North Central Plains
Fort Worth, Wichita Falls
Battle of Palmito Ranch
Fought in Texas one month after the war ended. A victory for the confederate.
Battle of Galveston
Fought in Texas. Union soldiers capture Galveston and set up blockades which keep supplies from reaching the confederate soldiers. The Confederacy later took Galveston back.
Battle of Sabine Pass
Fought in Texas. Union soldiers tried to capture Houston and take over Texas. They were defeated by the confederate.
Stephen F Austin
Founded the first significant Anglo colony (300 families)"the old three hundred" in Texas/Most successful Empresario
1718
Founding of San Antonio
Robert E. Lee
General of the Confederate Army. Surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant
General of the Union Army.
3 G's
God, Gold and Glory. Reasons for exploration: spreading Christian religion, finding new sources of wealth and competing for power or status.
Transcontinental
Goes across the continent (e.g., East Coast to West Coast)
Sam Houston
Governor of Texas before the Civil War. Did not wish to secede and refused to sign the oath of confederacy. He resigned as Governor.
Viceroy
Governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign; think Spanish colonies.
Texas Railroad Commission
Group created by James Hogg to control Railroad fees and stop the railroad monopolies from taking advantage of poor farmers in Texas
Commercial Farming
Growing large quantities of crops or livestock in order to sell them for a profit.
Economic impact of Industrialization during the Oil Boom
Growth of cities and rise of boomtowns Increased jobs and oil-related services Development of other parts of the state Growth of automobile industry
Most slavery in Texas
Gulf Coastal Plains Region (Around Houston and Galveston Ports)
Jose Navarro
Helped write first state constitution Signed the Texas Declaration of Independence Delegate to the convention of 1845
Sea Walls - advantages
Highest level of protection in the short term Lifespan of up to 50 years Effectively prevents erosion in the local area * Often has a walkway /promenade for people to walk along
Martin De Leon
His colony was settled mostly by Mexican families
Jesse Chisholm
His name is most famous because of the namesake cattle trail, which he originally scouted and developed to supply his various trading posts among the Plains Indians in what is now western Oklahoma.
Brand
Identification marks on livestock made by burning with a hot iron
Prime Meridian
Imaginary line that runs around the globe from the North Pole, through Greenwich, England, to the South Pole.
Latitude
Imaginary lines circling the globe. These lines run East and West
Longitude
Imaginary lines circling the globe. These lines run North and South
Social impact of Industrialization during the Oil Boom
Improved the standard of living in Texas
To find cheap farmland
In the 1820s Americans and Mexicans came to Mexican Texas
Texas and World War I
Increase in the manufacturing of products especially those created from natural resources like oil and gas, agricultural resources, cattle, goat, and sheep, etc. Texans also had approximately 200,000 Texans fight, and Four major military camps were set up in Texas
Propaganda
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
How did the hurricane of 1900 change the economy of Galveston?
It devastated or hurt the economy and made them miss out on the oil boom.
What steps did leaders in Galveston take to prevent damage from future hurricanes?
It was the deadliest hurricane and natural disaster in the United States, they build a 17 foot wall and raised the ground 16 feet to protect the port city.
Christopher Columbus
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
Jose Bernardo Gutierrez and Augustus Magee hoped to continue the rebellion started by Father Hildago against Spanish rule.
Pueblo Culture tribes
Jumano, Tigua
Gulf Culture tribes
Karankawa, Coahuiltecan
Petroleum
LIquid fossil fuel; oil
Charles Goodnight
Made advances in irrigation and bred cattle to improve the herds. He also crossbred buffalo and cattle, resulting in the "cattalo" he was honored for his contributions to cattle ranching by being named one of the five original members of the National Cowboy Hall of Fame
Vaquero
Mexican cowboy in the West who tended cattle and horses
1821
Mexico wins independence from Spain.
Purpose of Presidios
Military fort built to protect Spanish missions
1821 - 1st Empresario
Moses Austin first to receive permission to settle colonists in Texas.
Impacts of immigration of culture
Music, Food, Clothing, Religion, Language, Architecture, Beliefs
Three problems of early Republic of Texas
Native Americans (Raids and attacks) Money (Debt) Mexico (Recognition and continued fighting)
Longhorn
New Breed of Texas cattle; cross between Spanish & English cattle; able to survive in hot, dry areas
The Battle of Vicksburg
Occurred along the Mississippi River.
Republican Party
Opposed to the spread of slavery in new territories
Wrangler
Person who cared for the horses used on the cattle drive
South's Economy
Plantation Agriculture; Slaves were very important
Reason for Immigration to Texas
Plenty of cheap land that they could farm on
Migrants from Europe
Populated Texas in large numbers.
Cook
Prepared meals; he rode ahead to prepare them and have them cooked by the time everyone got there.
Anson Jones
President of Texas who signed the Joint Resolution that annexed Texas into the U.S.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
Abe Lincoln
President of the United States during the Civil War. Was an abolitionist who wanted to end slavery. Was assassinated days after the war ended. Wrote the Gettysburg address and Emancipation Proclamation.
Quannah Parker
Refused to sign the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867 called for the Comanche to take up residence and be confined to a reservation in present-day Oklahoma, some of the bands refused to give up their nomadic ways. He led attacks on Adobe Walls
Houston Is Removed From Office
Refused to take an Oath to the Confederate States of America
Texas Railroad Commission
Regulated the shipping rates for railroads during the late nineteenth century.
The Constitution of 1824
Restricted the people's rights to freely practice any religion./protected catholicism/was against slavery
Battle of Medina
Resulted in the defeat of the Gutierrez-Magee Expedition.
Pointer
Rode at the side of the lead to direct the herd
Cibola
Rumored seven cities of gold
Sam Houston - Texas military
SEND THEM HOME! SAVE MONEY!
First President of Texas
Sam Houston
Temperance
Social movement (mostly by women) to legally ban alcohol.
Abolitionist
Someone who wanted to end slavery
First 6 states to secede
South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana
Hernan Cortes
Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.
Juan de Onate
Spanish explorer and conquistador. He claimed New Mexico for Spain in 1598 and served as its governor until 1607.
Hernando de Soto
Spanish explorer who discovered and claimed the Mississippi River for Spain
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Spanish explorer who was shipwrecked in Texas and wandered for several years among American Indians (Karankawa)
Lariat
Stiff rope used to catch cattle and horses
Erasmo Seguin
Successful Tejano rancher who located the land for Austin's first colony/Represented Texas at the Mexican convention and later supported Texas independence
Reasons for the Civil War
Tariffs , State's Rights , Slavery, and Sectionalism
Tariff
Tax
Texas Secession Convention
Texans voted on the idea of cession, Sam Houston was opposed, he was removed from Office
7th State to Secede
Texas
Terry's Texas Rangers
Texas Confederate cavalry unit organized by B.F. Terry
1836 (7.1B)
Texas Independence
causes of Mexican American war
Texas boundary dispute; Polk sent soldiers past Nueces to provoke Mexico
1845
Texas joins the United States as the 28th State of the Union
Compromise of 1850
Texas sold the "New Mexico" part of Texas to the U.S. to help pay off debt and chopped off the top because of slavery
James Hogg
Texas-born governor who established the Texas Railroad Commission in 1891 to fight unfair practices, supported by the Farmers' Alliance (Populists)
Emancipation Proclamation
The Freeing of slaves in confederate states
Spindletop
The Lucas Gusher sparked the oil discovery on Spindletop Hill, changed the economy of Texas and ushered in the petroleum age on Jan. 1, 1901. Reaching a height of more than 150 feet and producing close to 100,000 barrels a day
Texas secession from the US
The U.S. state of Texas declared its secession from the United States of America on February 23, 1861 and joined the confederate states
Battle of Brownsville
The Union wanted to take this town to prevent the confederates from using the city of Matamoros, Mexico to export cotton.
States' Rights
The belief that the state had the right to decide their own rules.
Boom and Bust
The discovery of oil in Texas in the 1890s ushered in an oil boom at the beginning of the 20th century. The subsequent discovery of more oil fields helped to make Texas one of the leading oil producers in the United States by the 1940s and firmly establish the oil and gas production as an industry in Texas.When oil producers in the Middle East increased production in the 1980s, oil prices dropped and Texas faced hard economic times. State leaders then began working to diversify the Texas economy.
Colonization
The expansion of countries into other countries where they establish settlements and control the people
Joseph Glidden
The man who invented Barbed Wire
Cattle Drives
The method that cattle were moved from the ranches to the markets at railroad towns like Abilene, Kansas
The Old Three Hundred
The name 'Old Three Hundred' is sometimes used to refer to the settlers who received land grants in Stephen F. Austin's first colony.
Home Front
The name given to the part of war that was not actively involved in the fighting but which was vital to it.
Why Texas did not become a state in 1836
The people of Texas wanted to remain a Republic
Industrialization
The process of the large scale development of industries for the machine production of goods.
Blockade
To create a barrier.
Texas was paid $10 Million for Annexation
To pay off Debts
Derricks
Tower-like frame over the oil well
Gettysburg
Turning point in the war. Devastating to both sides.
Open range
Unfenced grazing lands on which cattle ran freely and cattle ownership was established through branding
drill bit
Used to drill holes
1890
When Cattle Drives ended
Monopoly
When one service or product is completely controlled by one company who decides what the price should be without any other competition.
Coastal plains region
Where most Anglo settlements land grants were located
Mustang
Wild horses descended from Spanish horses
The Spanish
____________ brought cattle to Texas
Francisco Coronado
a Spanish explorer that traveled all over including the Panhandle of Texaslooking for the fabled seven cities of gold.
homespun
a coarse, loosely woven, homemade fabric
Quinine
a drug used for fighting malaria and other fevers
Revolution
a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.
treaty
a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries
land grant
a grant/gift of low cost land by the government
courier
a messenger generally delivering correspondence
revolution
a movement to bring about change
climate
a pattern of the combination of precipitation and temperature over time
era
a period of time with distinct political, economic, social characteristics
delegate
a person acting as a representative for others
Filibuster
a person engaging in unauthorized rebellion or warfare against a foreign country
quarters
a place of residence, esp. for military personnel; an assigned station or place, as for officers and crew on a warship
settlement
a small community of people living in a new place. (Spain used missions, ranches and towns)
region
a spatial area of land that is unified by a common characteristic, such as political unity, linguistic unity, or common climate patterns
frontier
a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country
Secondary Source
accounts of events created at a later date and by someone who was not present at the event
truce
agreement
Ecosystem
all of an area's plants and animals together with the nonliving parts of their environment
empresario
an agent who makes all arrangements to bring settlers to a colony
treaty
an agreement between national governments
rural area
an area of small towns or farms
Equator
an imaginary line circling the globe exactly halfway between the North and South Poles
Urbanization
an increase in people living or working in cities.
Point of View
an opinion or perspective presented by the author of a document, influenced by the author's personal circumstances
Texas Gold
another name for oil, it helped to boost Texas Economy
physical geographic feature
any characteristic of the Earth's surface that was created by natural processes
Military Installation
any facility servicing military forces
Provisional
arranged or existing for the present, possibly to be changed later
Arrest of Stephen F. Austin (7.3A)
arrested for treason because of the letter he wrote to Texas officials earlier. He was not allowed to return to Texas until summer of 1835.
What other industries flourished in Texas following the discovery of oil?
automobile industry, railroads and roads and highways
Manifest Destiny
belief that the U.S. would take over North America from "sea to shining sea" (God given right!)
George Childress (7.3B)
chaired the committee in charge of writing the Texas Declaration of Independence
Why European immigrants came to Texas
cheap land
urban
city
Relative Location
describes where a place is in relation to other places
Antonio López de Santa Anna (7.3B)
dictator of Mexico, and military leader of the Mexican
dispute
disagreement
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
drew the first known map of the Texas coast in 1519
Mirabeau Lamar was the father of ______________
education
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
ended Mexican-American War; Mexican Cession; Made Rio Grande official Border with Mexico
Fray Damian Massanet
established the 1st Spanish mission in East Texas because La Salle had setup a French Mission there.
Absolute Location
exact position of a place on Earth, typically using latitude and longitude
Sourcing
examining the "who," "what," "when," "where," and "why" of a document
Reinforcements
extra personnel sent to increase the strength of an army or similar force
Primary Source
first-hand accounts of an event created by eyewitnesses or first recorders at the time of the event
Sectionalism
focus on the interest one's region
Sovereign
free from outside control; self-governing
nomad
groups of people that move from location to location
Lorenzo de Zavala (7.3B)
helped write the Texas Declaration of Independence and helped design the ad interim government at Washington-on-the Brazos; was elected Vice President of the new republic
Political Impact of the Texas Railroad Commission
it set limits to regulate and control oil prices
Reservations
land set aside for the Native Americans to live on after they were forced out of West Texas
Sam Houston (7.3B)
leader of the Revolutionary Army during the Texas Revolution
Fredonian Rebellion (7.3A)
led by the Edwards Brothers, Texans claimed Nacogdoches was no longer under Mexican control.
James Fannin (7.3B)
led the Texans at Coleto Creek and surrendered to Urrea; later he was executed at Goliad by order of Santa Anna
William B. Travis's letter "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World" (7.3C)
letter to recruit men to help him and his men at the Alamo after Santa Anna showed up in San Antonio, February 23.
native
living or growing naturally in a particular place
natural resources
materials or substances that occur in nature
William B. Travis (7.3B)
military leader of the Texas forces at the Alamo; was killed by Mexican forces at the Alamo
indigenous
originating in a specific place or region
Law of April 6, 1830 (7.3A)
outlawed immigration from the U.S. to Texas and canceled all empresarial grants that had not been fulfilled. It did encourage European immigration. Enslaved people could no longer be brought into Mexico to work, and customs duties were imposed on all goods entering Texas from the U.S.
Environment
physical surroundings
Compass Rose
points to all four cardinal points—north, south, east, and west.
Democratic Party
political party: farmers, "common man," FOR slavery, FOR states' rights, FOR Manifest Destiny (Southerners)
Whig Party
political party: industrialists, bankers, AGAINST slavery, FOR big government (Northerner)
Texas State Constitution 1845
protected POLITICAL freedom (set up 3 branches) and INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS of Texans
Republic of Texas Constitution of 1836 - stance on slavery
protected slavery
Turtle Bayou Resolutions (7.3A)
resulted in Colonel Jose de las Piedras ordering the release of William B. Travis and Patrick Jack from jail.
Sabine River
river between Texas and Louisiana
Rio Grande
river between Texas and Mexico
Red River
river between Texas and Oklahoma
Flankers
rode beside the cattle to keep from straying
Scouts
rode in front of the herd to select the best pathway
Mirabeau Lamar - Annexation
saw Texas as an empire (No Annexation)
Juan Seguín (7.3B)
served with Travis at the Alamo, but survived because he was sent out as a messenger to warn Sam Houston about the events at the Alamo. He continued to serve under Sam Houston at the Battle of San Jacinto.
Culture
shared beliefs, traits, and values
Time Line
shows the sequence of events
Cavalry
soldiers who fought on horseback
adobe
sun-dried bricks made from a mixture of mud with a small amount of straw or grass
siege
surrounding a fortification to cut it off from supplies
Contextualizing
taking into consideration how the author was influenced by when and where the document was produced
Mier y Teránm, 1828 (7.3A)
the Mexican government sent Gen. Manuel Mier y Terán to investigate the conditions in northern Texas. He found that the Anglo-Americans outnumbered Mexicans 10 to 1. The report resulted in the Law of April 6.
Historical Context
the circumstances of the time in which an event occurred or in which an author lived that may have influenced his/her point of view
Annexation
the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation
Migration
the movement of people
immigration
the movement of people from one place to settle in another place
Frame of Reference
the personal attributes and life experiences of an author that may have influenced his/her point of view
agriculture
the process of growing plants and raising animals for food
Geography
the study of the world, its people, and the interaction between them
Tejano
the unique cultural blending of Spanish and American traditions in Texas
centralists
those in Mexico who favored a strong central government with power concentrated among a few leaders
federalists
those in Mexico who supported the establishment of a federal system of government like that in the United States
Bias
to like or dislike someone or something for an unjust reason.
Fannin's surrender at Goliad (7.3C)
to prevent more deaths and Santa Anna ordered the captives to all be shot on March 21.
republic
type of government with elected representatives
Flow Chart
uses boxes, arrows, and sometimes images to show a series of activities or steps
Mirabeau Lamar - Indian policy
wanted Indians out of Texas
Sam Houston - Annexation
wanted Texas annexed into the U.S.
Sam Houston - Indian policy
wanted peace with the Indians
Dangers of cattle drives
wild animals, Rattlesnakes, Native Americans, Out laws, Severe storms, and scorpions
Retreat
withdraw from enemy forces as a result of their superior power or after a defeat
Secede
withdrawl
1860-1890
years of the Cattle Drive Era
