Skeletal System- Anatomy and Physiology

Thoracic vertebrae serve as the posterior attachment points for _______ pairs of ribs.

12

The rib cage consists of _______ of ribs that attach by _______ to the sternum anteriorly and to the thoracic vertebrae ________The top 10 pairs are attached both anteriorly and posteriorly. The bottom 2 pairs are attached only to the spinal column and are therefore called ______

12 pairs; cartilage strips; posteriorly; floating ribs

Over ________ percent of the weight of bone is water.

20

An adult has how many bones?

206

The spinal column has _____ cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx.

24

At birth, a baby has ______ bones.

270

The rib cage is also classified as having true and false ribs. This division considers the first ________to be true ribs because of their posterior and direct anterior attachments. The last ________ are called false ribs because they attach ______ to the cartilage of the rib above or have no anterior attachment.

7 ribs; 5 pairs; anteriorly

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by:

A fault in the immune system

Lordosis refers to:

Abnormal anterior convex curvature of the lumbar spine

The skeletal system is divided into sections. The axial skeleton is made up of the spinal column, skull, and rib cage. The _________ skeleton is made up of the arms, hands, feet, legs, shoulders, and _________.

Appendicular; pelvis

This term means joint inflammation.

Athritis

This condition results from the compression of the median nerve at the wrist.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A common injury among children is the ________fracture that involves the breaking of the distal end of the radius, causing a characteristic bulge at the wrist

Colles'

These separate the bones of the spinal column

Intervertebral cartilage disks

A bursa is a sac located around a _______ containing lubricating fluid that allows muscles and tendons to move freely over bony surfaces.

Joint

Which condition is described as a feeling of the jaw becoming unhinged?

TMD

Arthroscopy is:

a surgical procedure to view inside a joint

What are the two types of kyphosis?

adolescent and adult

Made up of the bones of the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders, and pelvis

appendicular skeleton

This endoscopic procedure permits direct visual inspection of a joint, most often the knee

arthroscopy

Which diagnostic procedure permits direct visual inspection of a joint?

arthroscopy

Place where two or more bony parts join together

articulation

The place where two or more bony parts join together is called a(n):

articulation

The spinal column, skull, and rib cage make up the ________ skeleton

axial

Which of the following is not a symptom of osteoarthritis? a. fluid around the joint b. bone atrophy c. joint pain d. stiffness

bone atrophy

This is a precise nuclear medicine procedure using small amounts of a radioactive substance that are injected into a vein to help diagnose the presence of disease based on structural appearance

bone scan

Painful inflammation of the sac located around a joint containing lubricating fluids that allow muscles and tendons to move freely over bony surfaces

bursitis

Bones of the spinal column are separated by:

cartilage discs

Carpal tunnel syndrome:

causes symptoms in the thumb and first two fingers.

Type of fracture in which there is more than one fracture line and several bone fragments

comminuted

A computer takes the information and reconstructs a cross-sectional (axial) "slice" of the patient

commuted tomography (CT) scan

Type of fracture in which a broken piece of skull is driven inward

depressed

Displacement of bones at a joint so that the regularly articulating surfaces are no longer in contact

dislocation

Last five pairs of ribs in the rib cage

false ribs

The __________(thigh bone) is the longest bone in any species, extending from the hip joint to the knee.

femur

A large, diamond-shaped anterior area where the frontal and parietal bones meet, and a triangular space posteriorly where the occipital bone meets the parietals are known as:

fontanels

Strong, flexible band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint

ligament

The obvious visual symptom of this condition is the excessive inward curvature of the lumbar portion of the back

lordosis

This process uses strong magnets that cause all of the protons in the field to "line up"

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The small bone at the knee is known as the:

patella

A tough membrane that covers the surface of the bone is called:

periosteum

The bone covering is called:

periosteum

Sacral vertebrae are located in the:

posterior pelvic girdle

The ___________ function of the rib cage is to protect the _______ and lungs

primary; heart

The cause of primary osteoporosis is believed to be a combination of all but which of the following? a. faulty metabolism because of estrogen deficiency b. aging c. prolonged inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D d. sedentary lifestyle

prolonged inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D

Before the broken bone can be set, traction(pulling)-either manually or by a system of ropes and pulleys-must be used to stretch the muscles and pull the bone pieces back into alignment. This procedure is known as____________the fracture.

reducing

Which of the following conditions results from a fault in the immune system that causes it to attack the joint membranes? a. hallux valgus b. gout c. rheumatoid arthritis d. bursitis

rheumatoid arthritis

Shoulder blade

scapula

Osteoporosis involves:

skeletal, digestive, reproductive

Type of fracture in which there has been a severe twisting action that causes the break to wind around the bone

spiral

Complete or incomplete tear in the supporting ligaments of a joint

sprain

Partial or incomplete dislocation of the articulating surfaces at the joints

subluxation

​The pelvic girdle is joined anteriorly at the ____________ and posteriorly at the _________.

symphysis pubis / sacrum

Dislocation is least likely to occur in which of the following joint locations?

toe

The winglike side projections of a typical vertebra are called the:

transverse processes

First seven pairs of ribs in the rib cage

true ribs

A frequently used test that evaluates the condition of bones in cases such as dislocations, sprains, and fractures

x-ray