SOC-101 MIDTERM
form achieve goals change disintegrate
4 aspects of group dynamics: how groups ....
survey
this type of research is less concerned with interviewer or observer bias and is usually quick and economical.
C. Wright Mills
Name attached to social imagination
Robert Putman
Worries about the effects of social media on social engagement are an extension of whose earlier research?
Stanley Milgram
led research subjects to believe they were shocking another individual in a different room when the person got a question incorrect
macro
micro or macro? What types of religious organizations are most effective at lobbying political entities for support?
open system
a social system with ample opportunities to move from one class to another
closed system
a social system with very little opportunity to move from one class to another
hypothesis
a theoretical statement explaining the relationship between two or more phenomenon
innovator
accepts society's approved goals but rejects the means to achieve those goals
culture
acts as a lens through which individuals view the world
category
all of the people watching Saturday Night Live on television last Saturday
Phillip Zimbardo
assigned research subjects to play either a prisoner or a guard for a two-week mock-prison simulation.
positive devienne
The way that the My Lai massacre ended during the Vietnam War is an example of what?
disfranchisement
When people living in poverty are less likely to vote or participate in political life, they are victims of political __________.
norms group reactions
Which 2 things are necessary for a behavior or characteristic to be defined as deviant?
Talcott Parsons
Which American sociologist's work closely embodies the functionalist concept of how best to analyze society?
tattoo
Which Greek word does "stigma" come from?
anomie
Which concept refers to a state of normlessness that is kept in check by group membership?
ideal culture
Which cultural concept correctly describes the idea of equality in the United States?
McDonalds
Which international business chain is referenced by George Ritzer's theory of spreading bureaucratic rationalization and increased efficiency?
Abraham Lincoln
Which leader or organization relied on a "team of rivals" to challenge groupthink?
Rosa Parks
Which of the following is an example of positive deviance?
prison
Which of the following is not a major system of stratification?
underclass
Which social class category is comprised of people who live in poverty conditions and typically earn $15,000 or less per year?
sanctions
Which term refers to positive or negative means of enforcing norms?
Emile Durkheim
Who coined the term "anomie"?
Robert Putnam
Who says Americans have drastically reduced their levels of civic engagement over time.
Nicholas and James
what two names are attach to ... Social networks can influence not only an individual's health but also can spread everything from obesity to smoking and substance abuse.
white collar
what type of crime - is committed by high social status individuals - does not involve force - is policed and typically punished less strenuously than other types of crime
vertical
what type of social mobility results from losing a job?
vertical
what type of social mobility? A retail store cashier gets a job as a manager.
underclass
which social class category comprises people who live in poverty conditions and typically earn $15,000 or less per year?
blue collar
which types of jobs are usually available to members of the lower middle class?
spoiled identity
According to Erving Goffman, when one is labeled a deviant and experiences stigma, what does that individual acquire?
target population sample respondents Informed consent
Before collecting data, social researchers must identify a __________ __________ from which to select their ______. After that, if they want to interview __________, sociologists must first get ________ _________, which means that participants agree to be interviewed and know what they are getting into.
South Asian
Honor killings are primarily seen in Middle Eastern and ____________ cultures.
americans
Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is about what group of people?
habitat for humanity boy scouts boys and girls club
Identify 3 organizations that Robert Putnam's research might argue would keep anomie at bay
upper-middle
Most individuals from which social class category generally depend on income from salaried work but often are financially stable?
hegemony
Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?
symbolic interactionism
Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing socia
structural functionalism
Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.
postmodernism
rejection of the idea of a single, shared understanding of history and society
symbolic interactionism
the school of social thought that insists all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions called
false
true or false - Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.
true
true or false - Modern cultural imperialism is closely linked to the proliferation of Western media.
true
true or false - Most Americans value the equality and individual freedoms of democracy.
false
true or false - Sociologist Matthew Desmond's Eviction Lab provides the only nationwide data on eviction rates.
true
true or false - in the United States, the denial of citizenship rights such as voting to convicted felons, who are disproportionately African Americans has born compared to the caste system
false
true or false - Someone who admits that he has a problem, such as alcoholism, but wants to shake the stigma associated with it and change his life for the better, is experiencing tertiary deviance.
false
true or false - The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgment.
false
true or false- there have been many societies throughout history with no social stratification
Sherry Turtle
who says Societies value technology over relationships. ** think Crossy Road animal --> technology"
Duncan Watts
who says, Social networks can shape our actions, such as voting behavior, because of which individuals make up those social networks
Auguste Comte
wrote introduction to positive philosophy
Solomon Asch
examined how research subjects responded when multiple other individuals clearly answered a question incorrectly
Padaung
neck stretching
deterrence
passing a law that states that anyone caught stealing an item or items valued at $1,000 or more will have one hand cut off
incapacitation
passing a law that states that anyone committing fraud will be imprisoned for a minimum of twenty years
rehabilitation
passing a law that states that first-time offenders for any violent crime will be submitted to a psychological evaluation and given mental health treatment
Peter Berger
passionate about human affairs, intellectually curious, intellectually daring
micro
The ______________ perspective assumes that society's larger structures are shaped through individual interactions
Americans
breast augmentations
Karl Marx Emile Durkeim
classical theorist
Harriet Martineau Herbert Spencer
early theorist
Jane Addams
founded the ACLU and NAACP
Jane Addams
founded the hull house
macro
the ____________- perspective assumes that society's larger structures shape those individual interactions.
ethnographic
this type of research can challenge our notions about groups we thought we knew and has driven methodological innovation.
Herbert Blumer
was a graduate student and later a professor at the University of Chicago.
open-ended leading
what are two types of research questions?
upper - middle
what class? College and University degrees, some graduate degrees
under working poor
what class? some highschool
American Dream
"Rags to riches"
Herbert Blumer
"down and dirty" with the dynamics of social life.
secret society
Group cohesion is likely to be highest among which group?
American Dream
- Anyone can go from rags to riches if they work hard enough. - Living the good life: yacht, vacation, money! ... is an example of the _________ __________-
Jacques Derrida Michael Foucault Jean Bauddrillard
3 major figures of postmodernism (JMJ)
ideal and real culture
We occasionally see stories in the media about a high-profile individual, such as a religious or political leader who gets caught doing something the society views as wrong, despite the individual often being seen as a moral leader.These are examples of a disconnect between which two cultural concepts?
Sweden
What country? A great number of social services are provided by the government in this country.
Sweden
What country? The top tax rate in this country is 60 percent.
Iran
What country? This country was transformed from a constitutional monarchy to a theocracy in 1979.
Iran
What country? Religion is a primary factor for maintaining social and economic positions in this country.
Brazilians
butt augmentations
Auguste Comte
coined the term "sociology"
Anthropology
concentrates on traditional, small, or indigenous cultures
material and nonmaterial
culture includes both _______ and __________ elements
intergenerational
social mobility that occurs over the course of an individual's lifetime is called ________ mobility
secondary group
the cast members of Saturday Night Live
Suri
plates in lip
Harriet Auguste Karl
put Harriet, Karl, and Auguste in order
Jane Addams
put theory into practice
rebel
renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and instead works toward their own goals using new means
retreatist
renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and lives outside the conventional norms altogether
shunning
Amish punishment
flogging
Colonial American punishment
Society in America
Harriet Martineau wrote
horizontal
What type of social mobility? A registered nurse leaves nursing to become a high school teacher
therapeutic policing
- ticketing a homeless person for loitering - arresting a homeless person for jaywalking ... are both examples of __________ _________-
symbolic interactionism
Blumer gave Mead's theory the name it now goes by: ___________________
compliance
After watching a commercial that claimed that wearing Nike brand clothing makes amateur athletes perform better, Alfonso followed the prescription by purchasing Nike sneakers. By expecting this behavior to produce a positive reward, Alfonso is demonstrating ________________-
rebel
An educator is disgusted with standardized testing and teaching methods that lead students to simply gain a credential rather than actually learn about the world. She decides to start a charter school that employs innovative teaching methods, doesn't give students grades, and encourages creative thinking over rote learning. How would Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance classify this educator?
countercultural
Anonymous is a ____________ group
cultural relativism
opposite of ethnocentrism
nineteenth
In the United States, imprisonment as a method of punishment was rare until what century?
social loafing
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ____________.
banishment
Native American punishment
Japan
Otaku culture originated in what country?
Brahman Ksatriya Vaisya Sudra Dalit
Place each category of the Hindu caste system in order from top to bottom stratum. Brahman - Sudra - Dalit - Vaisya - Ksatriya think "Brian Kills Very Stupidly Duh"
Architect Vet Firefighter Social worker Auto repairman
Place the professions in order from most to least social prestige architect, firefighter, social worker, vet, auto repairman think "Andy Violently Fights Sexual Assault"
midrange
Robert Merton called for a style of sociology that avoids extremes: it focuses on institutions, not tiny groups and not whole societies, and it holds theory and empirical observation in balance. This type of study is called _________ theory.
functionalists
Robert Merton, Talcott Parsons, and Émile Durkheim are _______
Mark Granovetter
Social ties follow social-class lines and link high socioeconomic status (SES) individuals with a vast array of high-SES contacts who can provide job leads
society sociology systematic
TV shows like Queer Eye, Naked and Afraid, and Love Is Blind reflect how we are all part of the same ________, and for that reason we are curious about how the others live. ___________, however, is slightly different than reality television. It is the _____________ or scientific study of human society and social behavior, from large-scale institutions and mass culture to small groups and individual interactions.
in-group orientation
The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is an example of what stigma-related concept?
Joseph Conti
The United States is one of the most powerful members of the WTO not because of its outcome in disputes but because of its centrality.
everyday actor social analyst
The __________ approaches their social world with practical knowledge, whereas the ___________ approaches the world by using reasoning and questions to gain deeper insights.
culture wars
The controversy surrounding the "bathroom bills" of North Carolina and other states is an example of which of the following concepts?
reference group
The phrase "keeping up with the Joneses," which means to display wealth more than one's neighbors, is an example of what group concept?
moral holiday
The slogan "What happens here, only happens here" is an example of what cultural concept?
wealth power prestige
What thee variables does Max Weber consider the ultimate basis of class divisions?
horizontal vertical
What two terms represent measurements of intragenerational mobility?
conflict theory
Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing socia
Brazil
What country? Enslaved people were trafficked to this country through the mid-1800s.
positivism
What is another name for the methodology that Auguste Comte called "social physics"?
it is easy to take one's culture for granted
What is one of the main points of Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema"?
institutional review board
What is the name of the governing body within a university that decides whether or not to approve research proposals?
feudal system
What is the name of the system of social stratification based on a hereditary nobility who were responsible for and served by a lower stratum of forced laborers called serfs?
criminology
What is the systematic scientific study of crime, criminals, and criminal justice known as?
beginner's mind
What practice did Bernard McGrane suggest that individuals adopt to better understand the world around them?
positive devience
What term describes "actions considered deviant within a given context but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic"?
social inequality
What term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society?
primary group
a group of close friends and family members who get together to watch Saturday Night Live on television each week
generation to generation
culture is handed down from ____________
Emile Durkheim
dealt with solidarity and positivist sociology
social imagination
enables us to connect our personal experience with the larger forces of history
ritualist
gives up on achieving society's approved goals but accepts the means to achieve those goals
ISIS Black Lives Matter
members of anonymous undermine operations of _______ and help _________
macro
micro or macro? How do the organization of education systems around the world affect the percentage of individuals who go to college?
micro
micro or macro? How does giving children different types of toys to play with affect their performance of gender roles?
micro
micro or macro? What types of language and gestures do students use when interacting with teachers?
intergenerational mobility
movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next
George Simmel
one of the first to do work in the area of social network analysis (SNA)
Auguste Comte
sought to bring the scientific method to sociology
sociology
systematic or scientific study of human society and social behavior
tv internet smartphones virtual assistants
technological changes in chronological order
aggregate
the audience at a taping of Saturday Night Live
intragenerational mobility
the movement between social classes that occurs during the course of an individual's lifetime
false
true or false - If two variables are correlated, a change in one must directly produce a change in the other
manifest latent
two functions Robert Merton theorized
connection contagion
two principles that were explained in Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's 2009 work on social networks.
middle
what class? Two- and four-year college degree "and is in the MIDDLE of 'two' and 'four'
working / lower middle
what class? highschool degrees
upper
what class? some prestigious university degrees?
Brazil
what country? Intermarriage has eliminated clearly defined racial groups, but skin color still largely defines an individual's place in society in this country.
level of education
what generational predictions can sociologists make about a person's life prospects if that is known In the person's social class?
closed
what is a society called if social mobility is highly restricted by formal or informal rules like those of a caste system?
30
what percentage? middle class
12
what percentage? underclass
14
what percentage? upper - middle
30
what percentage? working / lower - middle
13
what percentage? working poor
1
what percentage? upper class
Weberian
what theory consisted of the role of the Protestant religion in transforming European economies and verstehen
deception confidentiality
what two areas may present ethical concerns for individuals conducting social science research?
Emile Durkheim
who says Group membership prevents a state of normlessness.
Max Weber
wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism