Social studies cold war: Section 1
What was the containment?
-A foreign policy adopted by president Truman -This was a policy directed at blocking soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism
The goal of the soviet union was to shield itself from invasion from the west, so what did they do?
-at the end of WWII, soviet troops occupied a strip of countries along the soviets own western border -stalin regarded these countries as a necessary buffer, or wall of protection
containment policies included....
-forming alliances -helping weak countries resist soviet advances
Two examples of countries who were helped bythe truman doctrine
-greece and turkey who recieved 400 million dollars
What did the countries at the Yalta conference agree on?
-to divide Germany into zones of occupation controlled by the allied military forces -Germany would have to pay the soviet union to compensate for its loss of life and property
how many western european nations joined with theUS and canada in NATO
10 western european nations (12 altogether including US and canada)
how much money does the US spend on the Marshall plan?
12.5 billion dollars
How many countries were in the united nations in 1945
48
What was the truman doctrine?
A US policy of giving exonomic and military aid to free nations threatened by (communism) internal of external opponents
What is a cold war?
A struggle over political differences carried on by means short of military action or war
After WWII, western europe had _______ turmoil, specidfically, __________
After WWII, western europe had economic turmoil, specifically scarcity of jobs and food
what countries did stalin install communist governments in?
Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia
What were the western zones in germany named? in what year?
Federal republic of germany, in 1949
What was eastern Germany named?
German DEmocratic republic
where was the united nations based out of?
New York City
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What agreement did stalin disregard by creating the Iron Curtain
The Yalta agreement
The Berlin airlift
The soviet union cut off highway, water and rail traffic into berlin's western zones -American and British officials flew food and supplies into west berlin for nearly 11 months
who created the marshall plan?
U.S. Secretary of state George Marshall
US vs. USSR government views
US- encouraged democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of communist governments USSR- encouraged communism in other countries as a part of a worldwide workers revolution
US vs. USSR use of materials
US- gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel bombing industries USSR- rebuild its war-ravaged economy using eastern europes industrial equipment and raw materials
US vs. USSR- what they do worldwide
US- rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new market for US goods USSR- control eastern Europe to protect soviet borders and balance the US influence in western europe
US vs. USSR - views on what to do with germany
US- reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the stability of Europe USSR- Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again
Which countries met at the Yalta conference?
United States, Britain, Soviet Union
What did countries do at the united nations? Where did they do this?
Voted at the general assembly over global issues
who was skeptical at the yalta conference? who was he skeptical of?
Wiston churchill, Stalin
What did the Iron Curtain create in europe?
a divide between the east and west (with germany being split into two sections)
What was the warsaw pact?
an alliance created in 1955 created by the soviet union which included many of the eastern European countries in the iron curtain
What did wiston churchill describe this division between the east and west as?
an iron curtain
What city in germany was divided because of the iron curtain?
berlin
What did Truman do in attempt to further the containment policy?
created the Truman Doctrine
results of the berlin airlift
in may 1949, the soviet union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade
Why was the NATO created?
our of fear of soviet aggression
What was the marshall plan?
plan to give aid to needy european countries
How did the soviet union react to NATO?
they created the warsaw pact
What was NATO
they stated an attack on any NATO member would be met with armed force by all members
What was the purpose of the united nations?
to create an international peace keeping organization
What did Stalin agree to do in the Yalta Conference?
to join the war against Japan, while also promising eastern europe would have free elections
was the united states in the united nations in 1945?
yes
