Sociology 101 - Chapter 13
In which of the following nations is almost all medical care under the control of government? A) China B) Great Britain C) Japan D) The United States
A) China
Which of the following diseases is the biggest killer in today's high-income nations? A) Heart disease B) Influenza C) Pneumonia D) Cholera
A) Heart disease
In the United States, how does life expectancy of white people compare to that of black people? A) It is about four years longer. B) It is about the same. C) It is about two years shorter D) it is about four years shorter
A) It is about four years longer.
Which of the following is the most common way people in the United States pay for medical care? A) Private insurance programs B) The government's universal health care prograrm C) HMOs D) Medicare and Medicaid
A) Private insurance programs
The concept of "euthanasia" refers to A) assisting in the death of a person suffering from a terminal illness. B) people's legal "right to die" C) providing medical treatment to seriously ill people. D) providing medical assistance to those who cannot afford it.
A) assisting in the death of a person suffering from a terminal illness.
In the world 's poorest nations today , life expectancy is as low as about A) ffty years. B) sixty years. C) seventy years. D) eighty years.
A) ffty years.
Research shows that masculinity is linked to health because A) our culture's definition of masculinity encourages stress and heart disease. B) men learn to be strong and avoid illness. C) men avoid many of the lifestyle dangers common to women. D) young men are less likely to be victims of homicide.
A) our culture's definition of masculinity encourages stress and heart disease.
In poor nations around the world, about how many children die before they reach their first birthday? A) 1 in 50 B ) 1 in 10 C) 1 in 100 D) 1 in 500
B ) 1 in 10
The concept of "socialized medicine" refers to which of the following? A) Employer insurance programs that pay for medical care B) A medical system mostly owned and operated by the government C) Programs to improve health by giving people support groups D) Families taking care of their members
B) A medical system mostly owned and operated by the government
Which of the following is an example of a chronic illness? A) Influenza B) Cancer C) Accidents D) Pneumonia
B) Cancer
Today, more than a century after the onset of the Industrial Revolution, there has been an increase in the share of deaths caused by which of the following? A) Infectious diseases such as influenza and pneumonia B) Chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer C) Infant deaths immediately following birth D) Workplace-related accidents
B) Chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer
Which of the following categories of people in the United States is especally likely to smoke cigarettes? A) Married people B) Divorced people C) People with college degrees D) People in the labor force
B) Divorced people
Which sexually transmitted disease infects at least 23 million U.S. adults (about one in six)? A) Syphilis B) Genital herpes C) Gonorrhea D) AIDS
B) Genital herpes
If you were to visit a low-income nation to study its high death rates, what would you find to be the most common causes of death? A) Cancer and heart disease B) Infectious diseases C) Accidents D) Old age
B) Infectious diseases
Advancing medical technology has attacked infectious disease in poor countries with what result? A) Almost nothing: This technology has had little effect. B) Populations have increased rapiahy. C) Birth rates have dropped to near zero D) Most children die earlier in life than ever before.
B) Populations have increased rapiahy.
Which of the following world regions is experiencing the most severe epidemic of AIDS? A) Latin America B) Sub-Saharan Africa C) The Middle East D) Eastern Asia
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
The topic of psychosomatic disorders is of greatest interest to sociologists guided by which theoretical approach? A) The structural-functional approach B) The symbolic-interaction approach C) The social-conflict approach D) The sociobiological approach
B) The symbolic-interaction approach
In the United States, an important medical issue is A) a surplus of nurses. B) a shortage of nurses. C) the fact that many hospitals are going bankrupt. D) doctors making less and less money.
B) a shortage of nurses.
Research shows that college women believe A) physical looks are less important than "what's inside." B) being thin is key to being attractive. C) they are thinner than men would like them to be. D) weight has little social importance.
B) being thin is key to being attractive.
Applying the sociological perspective, we see that the high rate of obesity in the United States reflects A) bad personal choices people make about their lives. B) cultural forces that encourage people to eat large amounts of unhealthy fast food. C) our long history as a nation of people with poor health. D) All of these responses are correct.
B) cultural forces that encourage people to eat large amounts of unhealthy fast food
Holistic medicine asserts that A) the most important task is treating symptoms of disease. B) patients should rely on themselves-not just physicians-to ensure their health. C) treatment of patients should be impersonal. D) healing should take place only in hospitals.
B) patients should rely on themselves-not just physicians-to ensure their health.
Which of the following categories of the U.S. population has the highest life- expectancy? A) White men B).White women C) African American men D) African American women
B).White women
What is the death toll in the United States each year caused by diseases related to being overweight? A ) 1,200 people B) 12,000 people C ) 112,000 people D) 12 million people
C ) 112,000 people
According to the World Health Organization, about how many of the world's people suffer from serious illness caused by poverty? A) 1 million B) 10 million C) 1 billion D) 10 billion
C) 1 billion
In Western Europe and North America, scientists began to understand the causes of infectious diseases at about what point in history? A) 1650 B) 1750 C) 1850 D) 1950
C) 1850
Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults is overweight? A) 25 percent B) 45 percent C) 65 percent D) 85 percent
C) 65 percent
The greatest cause of death among young people in the United States today is which of the following? A) Cancer B) Stroke C) Accidents D) Kidney disease
C) Accidents
In which region of the United States i3the problem of obesity most widespread? A) The West Coast B) The Southwest C) The South D) The Northern Plains
C) The South
Of all high-income nations, which country relies the most on a direct-fee market system to pay for medical treatment? A) Great Britain B) sweden C) The United StatesI D) Japan
C) The United StatesI
Which of the following statements about gender and health is correct? A) Women have a higher suicide rate than men. B) Men have fewer accidents than women. C) Women generally have better health than men. D) Women are more likely to be victims of homicide.
C) Women generally have better health than men.
The greatest preventable cause of death in the United States A) sexually transmitted diseases. B) automobile accidents. C) cigarette smoking. D) drinking alcohol.
C) cigarette smoking.
Scientific medicine typically develops in A) pastoral societies B) agrarian societies. C) industrial societies D) hunting-and-gathering societies.
C) industrial societies
In his structural-functional analysis, Talcott Parsons claimed that society responds to illness by A) punishing ill people. B) withholding treatment to those who need it most. C) using the "sick role" to relieve ill people of many daily responsibilities. D) forcing people, sick or not, to perform important work.
C) using the "sick role" to relieve ill people of many daily responsibilities.
Upon infection, people with HIV A) display obvious symptoms. B) get very sick right away. C)display no symptoms at all. D) get mildly sick from time to time.
C)display no symptoms at all.
An exception to the general decline of infectious diseases in the United States is the increase inafter 1960 A) cancer B) obesity C) flu D) sexually transmitted diseases
D sexually transmitted diseases
The rise of scientific medicine in the United States began about A) 1960, with advances in computer technology B) 1917, about the time of World War l C) 1890, as the rate immigration increased D) 1847, with the founding of the American Medical Association
D) 1847, with the founding of the American Medical Association
Which of the following is considered a behavior placing people at high risk of HIV infection? A) Anal sex B) Sharing needles C) Using drugs that impair judgment D) All of these responses are correct
D) All of these responses are correct
A criticism of Talcott Parsons's approach to health and medicine is that it A) says little about the issue of prevention. B) places doctors rather than people in charge of health. C) assumes sick people can afford to take time off from work. D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
During the early decades of the Industrial Revolution A) rapidly growing cities had poor sanitation. B) factories fouled the air with smoke. C) workplace accidents were common. D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
In the United States, which of the following factors has a strong link to life expectancy? A) Race B) Gender C) social class D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Poor health in low-income nations reflects which of the following factors? A) Limited safe drinking water B) Limited access to medical personnel C) The lack of a nutritious diet D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Read the following statements about health in the United States. Which of the statements is correct? A) The children of rich families have the best health in the world. B) Children in poor families are as vulnerable as children in some low-income nations. C) High-income people asses their own health more positively than low- income people. D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Which of the following is a factor contributing to widespread obesity in U.S. society? A) Fewer of today's jobs involve the physical labor common in the past. B) More work around the house is done by machines. C) The typical diet involves both more food and more salty and fatty food. D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Which of the following statements about the "right to die" is true? A) Voters in Oregon were the first to approve a physician-assisted suicide law. B) The U.S. Supreme Court has stated that there is no "right to die." C) Physician-assisted suicide is legal in the Netherlands. D) All of these responses are correct.
D) All of these responses are correct.
It is correct to say that the medical establishment in the United States is oriented towards which of the following? A) Holistic treatment B) Herbal healing C) Traditional healing arts D) Scientific medicine
D) Scientific medicine
Parsons believed that illness is. A) a sign of weakness. B) a made up concept. C) a necessary part of society. D) dysfunctional.
D) dysfunctional.
Social epidemiology is the study of A) the biological basis of disease. B) the availability of doctors around the world. C) the age at which people die. D) the distribution of health and illness in a population.
D) the distribution of health and illness in a population.
A symbolic-interaction approach to health and medicine emphasizes A) the meanings people attach to health and illness. B) social inequality in terms of health. C) how societies must excuse ill people from most responsibilities. D) the functions of illness for society as a whole.
D) the functions of illness for society as a whole.
Society shapes human health because A) cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy B) social inequality affects a population's health. C) society's technology affects people's health. D)All of these responses are correct
D)All of these responses are correct
Ideas about health can serve as a type of social control, as illustrated by the notion that A) women would risk their health by going to college. B) a competitive way of life is "healthy." C) homosexuality is "sick" even though it is biologically natural. D)All of these responses are correct.
D)All of these responses are correct.