sociology ch. 1

The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by

Auguste Comte

the pioneering sociologist who studies patterns of suicide in Europe was

Emile Durkheim

______ had an important influence on the development of the social conflict approach.

Karl Marx

which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage of a person gains by studying sociology

a police officer understands which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims of crime

which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview

a survey

Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations

are based on all available facts

To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists

gather data or facts

sociologist can not identify laws of society that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because

human behavior may be patterned, but it is also spontaneous

understanding the differences between countries encourages

increasing our understanding of both of our own lives and the lives of others

an example of a latent function of college is

keeping young people out of a tight labor force, which may not have jobs for them.

Using the symbolic-interaction approach, sports becomes ________

less a system than an ongoing process of interaction

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society's population

may not be functional for people in another category

social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are

more serious in poorer countries

Joseph Ewoodzie's research to learn about homeless people in Jackson, Mississippi is an example of

participant observation

a social exchange analysis states that

people typically seek mates who offer as much as they do.

By stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists

reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives

social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. which of the following concepts refers to these negative consequences?

social dysfunctions

the ____ approaches are macro level, describing societies in broad, structural terms.

structural - functional and social - conflict

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

structural functional approach

herbert Spencer described human society as a complex system having much in common with

the human body

Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was

the rise of the industrial economy and growth of the cities

the ancient romans saw the stars as being gods. Auguste Comte would classify roman society as being in which of the following stages of history

theological stage

a statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a

theory

The major goal of sociology's pioneers, including Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim, was ________

to discover how society actually actually operates