Speech Final Exam

Deciding to be mindful is the first step in listening and the foundation of all other steps. a. True b. False

True

The ability to give people things they value, such as attention, approval, public praise, promotions, and raises is a. Reward power b. Coercive power c. Legitimate power d. Expert power e. Referent power

a. Reward power

Silence can communicate a lot of meanings. Which of the following does not describe what silence could potentially communicate? a. Silence can communicate personal qualifications. b. Silence can disconfirm others. c. Silence can communicate awkwardness d. Silence can communicate disapproval. e. Silence can communicate contentment.

a. Silence can communication personal qualifications

How do mass media and social media differ? a. Social media is digitalized. b. Mass media cultivate convergence, but social media do not. c. Mass media have nearly instant speed while social media do not. d. Mass media are easier to manipulate than social media. e. All of these choices are examples of how mass and social media differ.

a. Social media is digitalized

In which of the following ways is a team distinct from a group? a. Teams have different and complementary resources and a strong sense of collective identity. b. Teams consist of individuals who are interdependent yet have degrees of similarity among members. c. Teams have greater thoroughness and work faster. d. Teams have smaller sizes and tend to be more thorough. e. Teams work faster and do not develop group think.

a. Teams have different and complementary resources and a strong sense of collective identity

Thrift, industriousness, and respect for elders/ancestors are valued in cultures with a. a long-term orientation. b. a short-term orientation. c. power distance. d. masculinity. e. femininity

a. a long-term orientation

Secure attachment styles tend to develop in children whose caregivers a. are consistently loving and attentive. b. are more often loving than rejecting. c. alternately loving and rejecting. d. are socially conservative. e. are often more important than significant others.

a. are consistently loving and attentive

Raul came to the United States from Mexico three months ago, and he is still having trouble understanding Americans' tendency to rush all the time. He is also surprised when his teachers are irritated if he joins class several minutes after class has started. Raul's confusion about Americans' pace of life is based on which aspect of nonverbal behavior? a. chronemics b. proxemics c. kinesics d. artifacts e. paralanguage

a. chronemics

Stories in organizations that convey the values, style, and history of an organization are called a. corporate stories. b. personal stories. c. collegial stories. d. ritual stories. e. rite stories.

a. corporate stories

"Were my audience members alive when the spaceship Challenger exploded?" is an example of a question that falls into what category of audience analysis? a. demographic audience analysis b. situational audience analysis c. attitudinal analysis d. geographical analysis e. probing question analysis

a. demographic audience analysis

The ability to recognize another person's perspective as well as your own is called a. dual perspective. b. empathy. c. abstraction. d. self-reflection. e. owning your own feelings.

a. dual perspective

Since Sam was a baby, her parents have always told her, "Treat others how you want to be treated." This is an example of a(n) a. identity script. b. attachment style. c. direct definition. d. upper. e. ego boundary.

a. identity script

When we engage in social comparisons, we might be ____________. a. measuring ourselves in relation to others by deciding we are like them or different from them b. telling ourselves that we are good c. measuring how long it takes us to invite that individual to converse d. forming an identity script for what a friend is e. forming a direct definition for the people we come into contact with

a. measuring ourselves in relation to others by deciding we are like them or different from them

Elliot is having trouble listening effectively in his political science class. The professor has been presenting information quickly while simultaneously flipping through an abundance of PowerPoint slides containing complex statistical data. Elliot doesn't know where to focus his energies. This is an example of a. message overload. b. preoccupation. c. message complexity. d. prejudgment. e. lack of mindfulness.

a. message overload

In describing how she sees her work as a team leader, Janet says that her goal is to help members reach their goals and accomplish objectives that advance them. Janet is expressing which orientation to power? a. power to b. power over c. power for d. derived power e. earned authority

a. power to

David had his laptop open, checking out his favorite websites. His mother calls, and during the conversation, he answers by saying, "ummm hmmm," "yeah," "sure," "ummm hmmm," all because he is really focused on the websites. David is engaged in a. pseudolistening. b. monopolizing. c. selective listening. d. defensive listening. e. literal listening.

a. pseudolistening

Assuming an attentive posture, holding eye contact, and nodding to show you understand what another person is saying are nonverbal behaviors that convey which dimension of relational level meanings? a. responsiveness b. liking c. status d. power e. control

a. responsiveness

While working on a team project, Greg doesn't pay much attention to what other coworkers discuss. He lets much of their conversation just come in one ear and out the other. However, when his team leader mentions going to a restaurant to celebrate the end of the project, Greg listens attentively. This is an example of a. selective listening. b. pseudo listening. c. mindless listening. d. prejudgment. e. defensive listening.

a. selective listening

What type of speaking has the primary goal of increasing listeners' understanding, awareness, or knowledge about a topic? a. speaking to inform b. speaking to persuade c. speaking to entertain d. narrative speaking e. speaking for humor

a. speaking to inform

If you watch an action movie because you are bored and want some excitement, which of the following theories applies? a. uses and gratifications theory b. agenda setting theory c. cultivation theory d. critical theory e. inoculation theory

a. uses and gratifications theory

Which of the following is a guideline for encouraging personal growth as a communicator? a. Make a strong commitment to help improve others. b. Gain knowledge as a basis for personal change. c. Set goals that are based on our ideals. d. Seek out the perspective others have of you. e. All of these choices are guidelines for encouraging personal growth as a communicator.

b. Gain knowledge as a basis for personal change

Which of these types of communication is defined as "communication between people?" a. intrapersonal communication b. interpersonal communication c. group communication d. public communication e. mass media communication

b. Interpersonal communication

Which of the following is an accurate statement about nonverbal communication? a. Nonverbal communication does not impact verbal communication. b. Nonverbal communication is perceived as more honest than verbal communication. c. Nonverbal communication is less believable than verbal communication. d. Nonverbal communication behaviors are consistent across cultures. e. Nonverbal communication only occurs consciously.

b. Nonverbal communication is perceived as more honest than verbal communication

Elijah goes into the library to find his friend Aimee who went there to study. He walks through the library until he sees her and then sits down beside her. Later Elijah's friend Marvin comes over and says, "Hey, man, why did you ignore me when you walked right past me a minute ago?" Elijah shakes his head, not knowing why he didn't see Marvin. Elijah's failure to see Marvin when he was focusing on finding Aimee is an example of a. noise. b. selective perception. c. insular listening. d. biased perception. e. assimilation.

b. Selective perception

When you state that symbols are not intrinsically connected to what they represent, you are asserting which of the following statements? a. Symbols are powerful. b. Symbols are arbitrary. c. Symbols are ambiguous. d. Symbols create meaning. e. Symbols have multiple interpretations.

b. Symbols are arbitrary

Gerri was a new teacher and soon became friends with Julia, who had been a teacher at the school for several years. In the course of their conversation, Julia told Gerri about the principal and what she could expect. This is an example of a. a personal story. b. a collegial story. c. a corporate story. d. a communication network. e. an organizational story.

b. a collegial story

Chris just moved into a new apartment and spent the first day hanging pictures, putting out souvenirs of important times, and putting favorite objects on the bookshelves. Chris has relied on what form of nonverbal communication to personalize the new apartment? a. paralinguistics b. artifacts c. kinesics d. proxemics e. appearance

b. artifacts

Lana says she enjoys using Skype because it helps her connect to her friends from high school who are at other colleges, her cousins who live in New Mexico, and new people she meets on campus. Lana's reason for using Skype is that it ____________. a. allows for diffusion. b. cultivates convergence. c. is easily manipulated. d. offers instant speed. e. provides resonance.

b. cultivates convergence

The generalized other is comprised of the views of a. our family of origin. b. culture as a whole. c. our peers in school. d. persons with whom we have an I-It relationship. e. the looking-glass self.

b. culture as a whole

"You are an excellent athlete," Kevin tells his daughter. Kevin's statement is an example of a. indirect definition. b. direct definition. c. identity script. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. downer.

b. direct definition

The beginning of the self-concept, or the recognition that individuals are separate entities, is also known as a. direct definition. b. ego boundary. c. social comparison. d. self-fulfilling prophecy. e. reflected appraisal.

b. ego boundary

The process by which mass communication stabilizes and homogenizes social perspectives is known as a. inoculation. b. mainstreaming. c. resonance. d. indemnification. e. stabilization.

b. mainstreaming

Mally and Dana decide to read and do art while they are together. This satisfies their desires to some extent, but Mally is left feeling like they did not quite get to spend time together and Dana had a hard time concentrating on her work. Their response is best described as a. separation. b. neutralization. c. voice. d. neglect. e. reframing.

b. neutralization

The term used to describe the ways of thinking, acting, and understanding work that are shared by members of an organization and reflect an organization's distinct identity is called a. organizational structure. b. organizational culture. c. organizational hierarchy. d. organizational rituals. e. organizational rites.

b. organizational culture

Which of the following are the types of rituals that occur regularly in organizations? a. corporate, social, and personal b. personal, social, and task c. collegial, social, and personal d. corporate, personal, and task e. task, personal, and collegial

b. personal, social, and task

As soon as the news program begins an interview with the President of the United States, Dolores quits paying attention and she mumbles to herself, "I already know everything he has to say and I don't want to hear it again." Dolores's ability to listen is being hindered by a. message overload. b. prejudgment. c. preoccupation. d. message complexity. e. noise.

b. prejudgment

Holly says, "Let's discuss the donors to the benefit concert and then discuss who will be performing." Holly made which type of contribution to discussion? a. task b. procedural c. climate d. egocentric e. dynamic

b. procedural

What is the term used to describe dramatic, planned sets of activities that bring together aspects of an organization's culture into a single event? a. rituals b. rites c. collegial events d. corporate rituals e. organizational rituals

b. rites

Jason passes Greg in the residence hall lobby and says hi. Greg does not say hi back. Jason expected Greg to say hello in return. Jason's expectation refers to a. personal constructs. b. scripts. c. prototypes. d. schemata. e. person-centeredness.

b. scripts

A behavioral objective that specifies what response a speaker wants from an audience is called a a. thesis statement. b. specific purpose. c. mind map. d. speech topic e. general purpose.

b. specific purpose

Which style of loving is a comfortable, best-friends kind of love that grows gradually to create a stable and even-keeled companionship? a. eros b. storge c. ludus d. mania e. pragma

b. storge

After listening to an idea given by another group member, Jim says, "Let me elaborate on that idea." Jim's comment is an example of a. procedural communication. b. task communication. c. climate communication. d. egocentric communication. e. assertive communication.

b. task communication

What are the four stages in the cycle of intimate partner violence, in order? a. tension, anger, more tension, explosion b. tension, explosion, remorse, honeymoon c. tension, explosion, discussion, resolution d. explosion, tension, remorse, honeymoon e. explosion, remorse, resolution, honeymoon

b. tension, explosion, remorse, honeymoon

Possible purposes for a persuasive speech include all of the following EXCEPT a. to convince listeners to do something they are not currently doing. b. to correct listeners' misconceptions. c. to motivate listeners to support a specific policy, law, or candidate. d. to convince listeners to buy a product. e. to inspire listeners to give time or money to a worthy cause.

b. to correct listeners' misconceptions

Communication from subordinates to supervisors is known as a. downward communication. b. upward communication. c. grapevine. d. supervisory communication. e. informal communication.

b. upward communication

What is the term used for the ability to perceive another person as a unique and distinct individual based on our knowledge of particular others? a. personal construct b. prototype c. person-centered perception d. constructive bias

c. Person- centered perception

Shelli and Lisa are talking about their favorite teachers. They each have qualities and characteristics that they feel make the ideal teacher. What are Shelli and Lisa talking about? a. personal constructs b. scripts c. prototypes d. schemata e. person-centeredness

c. Prototypes

Which of these is a guideline for choosing a speech topic? a. Select a topic that is brand new to you. b. Wait as long as possible to choose a topic so that you have options. c. Select a topic appropriate for your audience. d. Select a topic on which you and listeners agree. e. All of these answers are guidelines for choosing topics.

c. Select a topic on which you and listeners agree

Janet says, "I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day. However, Ellen didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of a. construct differentiation. b. stereotyping. c. self-serving bias. d. internal attributions. e. scripting.

c. Self- serving bias

Deondra is part of a social group on campus. Even though the group sets specific meeting times, everyone in the group knows that it is acceptable to be 10-15 minutes late without needing to call and check in. This unspoken expectation is an example of ____. a. synergy b. a rule c. a norm d. social climbing e. conformity to pressure

c. a norm

Training workshops help organizations to manage change. This would be an example of a. a formal communication network. b. a ritual. c. a renewal rite. d. a policy. e. an enhancement rite.

c. a renewal rite

"Knowing how to create a Zombie Apocalypse Preparedness Kit could save your life one day" is an example of what? a. a general purpose b. a specific purpose c. a thesis d. an introduction e. a main point

c. a thesis

Which theory assumes the media spotlight some issues, events, and people while downplaying others? a. uses and gratifications theory b. cultivation theory c. agenda-setting theory d. digital divide e. None of these answers are correct.

c. agenda-setting theory

Edmund is very attentive and supportive to his son Mylan when he is sober, but when Edmund drinks, he often ignores his son and sometimes verbally abuses him. Mylan never knows which way his father will act. If Edmund is Mylan's primary caregiver, Mylan is likely to develop which attachment style? a. fearful b. secure c. anxious/ambivalent d. dismissive e. defensive

c. anxious/ambivalent

In response to a suggestion made by Juan, Melanie says, "I agree with Juan's suggestion about how we should proceed. Thanks for keeping us on track, Juan." Melanie made which type of contribution? a. task b. procedural c. climate d. egocentric e. dynamic

c. climate

Dejon is very connected to his family and values harmony and group interdependence. Dejon comes from a culture that would be considered? a. masculine b. individualistic c. collectivistic d. feminine e. understanding

c. collectivistic

According to the textbook, what is a third major influence on our identity? a. communication with family members b. communication with peers c. communication with society d. communication with self e. None of these answers are correct.

c. communication with society

The two most significant potential disadvantages of group discussion are a. the time required and excessive cohesion. b. the time required and lack of leadership. c. conformity pressures and time required. d. conformity pressures and lack of leadership. e. lack of leadership and excessive cohesion.

c. conformity pressures and time required

The theory that claims that television promotes a worldview that is inaccurate but that viewers nonetheless assume reflects real life is the a. uses and gratifications theory. b. agenda setting theory. c. cultivation theory. d. critical theory. e. attribution theory.

c. cultivation theory

A noisy room is an example of what obstacle to listening? a. conversational distraction b. diversionary distraction c. environmental distraction d. preoccupational distraction e. message complexity

c. environmental distraction

A person or group that decides which messages pass through the media and which do not are called a. editors. b. content trappers. c. gatekeepers. d. flow consultants. e. media managers.

c. gatekeepers

What are the two ways that mindfulness can enhance communication? a. increases others' understanding of how you feel and leads others to express communication overtly b. expresses communication covertly and increases our understanding of how someone feels or thinks c. increases our understanding of how someone feels and thinks about what they are saying and leads others to express themselves in greater depth d. helps others select information to communicate about and also helps them to be receptive to messages e. increases our satisfaction for communication by helping us to fully attend to the message and leads us to think more critically about who and what

c. increases our understanding of how someone feels and thinks about what they are saying and leads others to express themselves in greater depth

Lara smiles and makes a funny face at her baby niece. Lara is engaging in ____ to communicate with the baby. a. paralanguage b. physical appearance c. kinesics d. haptics e. proxemics

c. kinesics

As part of her planning for her speech, Julia narrowed her topic by associating individual ideas in relation to broader ideas. This concept is known as a. brainstorming. b. determining the purpose. c. mind mapping. d. clustering. e. concept mapping.

c. mind mapping

Randy says "I am really bummed out about not getting any job offers." His roommate Lance responds, "Sounds as if you're feeling pretty low about the response so far." Lance's communication is an example of a. pseudolistening. b. relying on mnemonics. c. paraphrasing. d. elistening. e. ambushing.

c. paraphrasing

When we begin to recognize the cultural basis for practices that diverge from our own, we are reflecting which response to diversity? a. tolerance b. understanding c. respect d. acceptance e. participation

c. respect

The term used to define what is expected of individuals because of their specific positions in an organization is called a. performance expectation. b. organizational expectation. c. role. d. job description. e. employment expectation.

c. role

Social media alter conceptions of a. time. b. content. c. space. d. self. e. mass media.

c. space

When a speaker attempts to change listeners' attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors or attempts to motivate them to take some action, the purpose of this speech is a. to inform. b. to entertain. c. to persuade. d. to highlight. e. to mind map.

c. to persuade

Jacob tries to avoid ambiguity and vagueness. What would Jacob's behavior be an example of? a. masculinity b. power distance c. uncertainty avoidance d. tolerance e. individualism

c. uncertainty avoidance

Describe and discuss the four sources of cultural change.

chapter 10

Identify and describe the five distinct responses to diversity.

chapter 10

What is media literacy and how can you develop it?

chapter 11

The use of one's own culture and its practices as the standard for interpreting the values, beliefs, and norms of another culture is known as a. cultural relativism. b. moral relativism. c. egocentrism. d. ethnocentrism. e. assimilation.

d. Ethnocentrism

To study communication is to study a. what we should believe. b. how friendships help our lives become more meaningful. c. the arbitrary nature of the world. d. how we use symbols to create meaning in our lives. e. the content level of meaning in phrases we hear.

d. How we use symbols to create meaning in our lives.

What area of communication emphasizes the relationships between coworkers? a. interpersonal communication b. intrapersonal communication c. group communication d. organizational communication

d. Organizational communication

All of the following are key premises about cultures EXCEPT a. cultures are systemic. b. cultures vary along five dimensions. c. cultures may contain multiple social communities within them. d. cultures are static and resistant to change. e. none of these answers are exceptions.

d. cultures are static and resistant to change

All of the following are examples of influential particular others EXCEPT a. parents. b. siblings. c. day-care providers. d. cyber bullies. e. None of these are exceptions.

d. cyber bullies

The three broad stages of romantic relationships include a. escalation, evolution, deterioration. b. evolution, dyadic, and navigation. c. dyadic, navigation, and deterioration. d. escalation, navigation, and deterioration. e. evolution, navigation, and dyadic deterioration.

d. escalation, navigation, and deterioration

All of the following are part of the listening process EXCEPT a. responding. b. remembering. c. interpreting. d. judging. e. being mindful.

d. judging

Which style of loving is often marked by emotional extremes and insecurity? a. eros b. storge c. ludas d. mania e. pragma

d. mania

While listening to her friend Bill, Judy occasionally says, "tell me more" or "that's interesting; go on." These are examples of what type of communication to demonstrate interest and attentiveness? a. mindful mnemonics b. paraphrasing c. monitoring d. minimal encouragers e. None of these answers are correct.

d. minimal encouragers

Trisha and her roommate Leena have a regular schedule of television shows that they watch. Even though they enjoy their programs, sometimes they feel like they are missing out on more exciting events on their college campus. Trisha and Leena are experiencing the ____ dialectic. a. autonomy/connection b. closeness/openness c. dominance/subordination d. novelty/predictability e. trust/intimacy

d. novelty/ predictability

Organizations have certain ______________ governing aspects of work life such as hiring, promotion, benefits, grievances, and medical leave. a. rites b. roles c. rituals d. policies e. rules

d. policies

Tony, who had been mistreated by a policeman, identified with a television program that had police brutality as a central theme. This is an example of a. gratification. b. mainstreaming. c. agenda setting. d. resonance. e. attribution.

d. resonance

Diego and his supervisor have coffee together every Monday. This is an example of a a. rite. b. communication network. c. ritualistic rule. d. ritual. e. corporate expectation.

d. ritual

All of the following are possible purposes for informative speaking EXCEPT a. to teach listeners how to do something. b. to correct listeners' misconceptions. c. to make listeners aware of a problem. d. to convince listeners to stop doing something they are currently doing. e. to describe a new procedure or policy.

d. to convince listeners to stop doing something they are currently doing

Which of these is a common reason communication researchers have found that people give for not practicing safer sex? a. They do not have access to safer sex information. b. They do not have access to condoms and other protection. c. They do not care if they contract an STI/STD. d. New treatments reduce the threat of HIV/AIDS. e. Alcohol impairs their thinking.

e. Alcohol impairs their thinking

Which of the following is an example of paralanguage behavior? a. raising volume when speaking b. pausing between words to emphasize certain words c. lowering pitch d. lowering volume when speaking e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these answers are correct

Which of the following is considered unifying themes in the field of communication? a. ethics b. symbols c. critical thinking d. meaning e. All of these are common themes.

e. All of these are common themes

Which of the following is a source of cultural change? a. Diffusion. b. Communication. c. Invention. d. Calamity. e. All of these answers are correct.

e. All of these are correct

Which of these is an example of being multilingual? a. Nadia, who is Spanish, speaks French, Spanish, and English. b. Carlos, who is gay, understands the slang of gay communities and straight communities. c. Eloise, a Canadian woman living in Japan, understands the verbal and nonverbal customs of her own culture as well as those that are unique to Japan. d. Rachael has learned both feminine and masculine styles of communication. e. All of these choices are examples of being multilingual.

e. All of these choices are examples of being multilingual

1. What does it mean to say that communication is a process? a. Communication is ongoing and always in motion. b. It's hard to tell when communication starts and stops. c. Communication evolves in clearly defined stages. d. Communication is ongoing, always in motion, and evolves in clearly defined stages. e. Communication is ongoing, always in motion, and it's hard to tell when it starts and stops.

e. Communication is ongoing, always in motion, and it's hard to tell when it starts and stops.

All relationships have rules that guide how partners communicate. Rules are important for which of the following reasons? a. They guide how partners interpret each other's communication. b. They define what is expected. c. They control what places to go. d. They define who we are as people. e. They both guide how partners interpret each other's communication as well as define what is expected.

e. They both guide how partners interpret each other's communication as well as define what is expected

For people to be considered a "group," the members must see themselves experiencing which of the following? a. dependence b. independence c. co-dependence d. intradependence e. interdependence

e. interdependence

Sally and Jack have been seeing one another regularly since their Introduction to Communication class ended. They have a great number of common interests and activities. Lately though, Sally has mentioned to Jack her need to maintain her other male and female friendship activities. Though Sally and Jack's relationship remains strong, Sally's comments could be interpreted as which of the following stages of romantic relationships? a. escalation b. exploration c. intensification d. deterioration e. navigation

e. navigation

Research indicates that, in general, the least effective and least satisfying response to the tension generated by relational dialectics is a. reframing. b. segmentation. c. neutralization. d. repression. e. separation.

e. seperation

All of the following are true about symbolic abilities EXCEPT a. symbols define. b. symbols evaluate. c. symbols organize perceptions. d. symbols allow hypothetical thought. e. symbols are neutral.

e. symbols are neutral

Situational audience analysis seeks to assess all of the following EXCEPT a. the listeners' knowledge about your topic. b. the attitudes the listeners already hold about your topic. c. the listeners' perceptions of who you are. d. the listeners' reasons for being at the occasion. e. ​the degree by which you may be able to sway the listeners' opinions.

e. the degree by which you maybe able to sway the listeners' opinions

___________________ power is the ability to influence based on personal charisma and personality. a. Coercive b. Legitimate c. Expert d. Reward e. Referent

e.Referent