The Cold War

What was the United States's goal during the Cold War?

*Containment* of communism & eventual collapse of communist war.

What was the parallel that divided Vietnam?

17th Parallel

What is the parallel dividing North and South Vietnam from 1954 until 1975?

17th parallel

When did the cold war begin and end?

1947-1991

What year was Germany re-unified?

1992

What is the dividing parallel where the Korean "conflict" ended and still exist today?

38th Parallel

How did the United States discover the Soviet missiles in Cuba?

A U-2 spy-plane photographed Soviet missiles placed in Cuba.

Define Space Race:

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

Who was the first American astronaut in space?

Alan Shepard

What did Americans do, in response to the threat of the Soviet Union attacking the United States?

Americans built bomb shelters.

Why were Americans now fearful of the Soviet Union?

Americans were now not only behind the Soviets, but all Americans could fall under attack by Soviet missiles.

What is the name of the population explosion which took place during the 1950's?

Baby Boom

What is the name of the failed invasion of Cuba by former refugees with U.S. backing?

Bay of the Pigs Invasion

What was the Allied response to the Soviet blockade around the German capital, in which planes dropped supplies into the city for nearly a year?

Berlin Airlift

What separated East Germany from West Germany starting in 1961?

Berlin Wall

Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao Zedong fought a Civil War to gain control of this country.

China

Why did communism spread easily throughout eastern Europe?

Communism appealed to poor-countries because communism is seen ideally through their eyes.

What is the U.S. policy put forth to stop the spread of Communism?

Containment

Why did Castro develop closer ties with the Soviet Union?

Cuba established a communist regime, just as the Soviet Union did.

What is the event which brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of World War III, early on in the 1960's?

Cuban Missile Crisis

Who was the commander of U.S. troops in Korea?

Douglas MacArthur

Who was the president of the United States through most of the 1950's?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

What is the Marshall Plan?

Economic Recovery plan for countries in Western Europe.

How did the Soviet Union acquire the technology to create nuclear weapons?

Espionage

Where is Chaing Kai Shek forced to flee (as a result of his rise in a nationalistic government)?

Farmosa (also known as Taiwan)

Who was the communist leader of Cuba?

Fidel Castro

What is the Yalta Conference?

Franklin Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin plan the postwar world.

Who was the last "Cold War" U.S. President?

George H.W. Bush

What is the name of the agency which investigated possible Communist influence, both inside and outside the U.S. government?

H.U.A.C., House on UnAmerican Activities committee

Who was the president of the United States who decided to drop the atomic bomb, build the H-bomb, and send troops into Korea?

Harry Truman

Who was the leader of North Vietnamese communist during the Vietnam war?

Ho Chi Minh

What is the term used to describe the ten "unfriendly" witnesses who were called to testify in front of H.U.A.C. but refused?

Hollywood Ten

How was Europe at the end of World War II?

In terrible conditions: Millions of people were dead, major cities were destroyed, and it was hard to find supplies (food, water, and medicine).

Who is the famous anti-communist activist who started a witch-hunt for communist in the U.S. state department?

Joseph R. McCarthy

Who was the communist Dictator who ruled the Soviet Union through World War II and the Cold War until his death in 1953.

Joseph Stalin

What is the Berlin Blockade?

June 1948, USSR blocked all traffic in and out of West Berlin. The United States felt that they couldn't afford to "lose" West Berlin.

The invasion of the North Communist portion of this country into the South resulted in U.S. intervention and this resulting war from 1950-1953.

Korean War

Who replaced General MacArthur?

Mathew Ridgway took General MacArthur's place.

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the breakup of the Soviet Union?

Mikhail Gorbechev

What is the culminating event which signaled a U.S. "victory" in the space race?

Moon Landing on July 20,1969

Who is the Soviet leader who took over after Stalin and squared off against Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Nikita Krushchev

What is the military alliance of free nations that was formed to combat Communism (formed by the U.S.)?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.)

How did the Korean War begin?

North Korean forces cross the 38th Parallel and attack South Korea.

Why did President Truman fire General MacArthur in 1951?

President Truman fired General MacArthur in 1951 because of disagreements of foreign policy and he made critical remarks toward the administration (MacArthur wants to go after China - even bomb them - Truman says no - MacArthur is fired).

What is the name of the couple which was accused of giving classified information regarding the building of the atomic bomb to the Soviets?

Rosenburgs

How did the United States get involved in the Korean War?

South Korea pleaded with the UN (United Nations) for assistance.

What is the name of the Soviet "satellite" sent shock waves through the U.S. in 1957?

Sputnik

What is the name of the agreement which limited the amount of missiles each country (Soviet Union and United States) could have during the Cold War?

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (S.A.L.T)

What is the U.S. missile defense project under the Reagan administration?

Strategic Defense Initiative "Star Wars"

What marked the turning point of the Vietnam War?

Tet Offensive

What is the major counter offensive by the NVA and Viet Cong in 1968 which ultimately ended public support for the Vietnam war in the U.S?

Tet offensive

What is the "Iron Curtain" mentioned in Winston Churchill's speech?

The "Iron Curtain" was a metaphor to describe the divisions in Europe.

What is the term used to describe the time period after World War II until the 1990's in which the United States and the Soviet Union conflicted, but never actually met on a battlefield?

The Cold War

Why is the Korean War often referred to as the forgotten war?

The Korean War is known as the forgotten war because the Korean was not a victory or a loss to any side participating in the war. Moreover, many citizens weren't as publicly conscious about the war (compared to World War II and other wars) because the war wasn't affecting many American lives directly.

Which countries supported North Vietnam and provided aid to North Vietnam?

The Soviet Union and China.

In what way was the United States "buying democracy" in Europe?

The United States aided many countries (thousands and thousands of dollars) and through this money, many countries received a pledge of support from the United States. This was the United States's way of influencing democracy amongst nations.

Which legislation limited the powers of the president to commit troops to war?

The War Powers Resolution

How did the United States respond to the Berlin Blockade?

The West began the Berlin airlift; one full year of bringing necessities to West Berlin. Stalin didn't want to interfere because it would lead to war, so Stalin had no choice but to repeal the blockade.

To what were Kent State students reacting by staging their 1970 antiwar protest?

The bombing of Cambodia.

What is the Patriot Act?

The expansion of the government's power to conduct anti-terrorism surveillance in investigations.

The Cold War ended in the early 1990's with which two events?

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union

Who was Mao Zedong?

The leader of communist Party in China.

Who was Chaing Kai Shek?

The leader of the nationalist party in China.

What did the fall of the Berlin Wall represent?

The symbolized the end of the *Cold War*.

Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

They invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to turn it into a communist nation.

What was the Soviet Union's goal throughout the Cold War?

To spread world-wide communism

What is the Truman Doctrine?

Truman Doctrine: a U.S. foreign policy, established in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, of providing economic and military aid to countries—initially Greece and Turkey—that were attempting to resist communism

What did Truman cite as the toughest decision of his presidency?

Truman cites U.S. entrance in the Korean War as the toughest decision of his presidency.

What is the name of the "insurgent" group in South Vietnam that fought against the U.S. during the Vietnam war ?

Viet Cong

What is the name of the military alliance that the Soviet Union formed in response to N.A.T.O (that the United states formed)?

Warsaw Pact

Who was the first man in space?

Yuri Gregarin (U.S.S.R.)

What are some specific aspects of the Cold War that display the divisions between the United States and the Soviet Union?

♦ KGB vs. CIA (Espionage) ♦ Communism vs. Capitalism ♦ Command Economy vs. Market Economy ♦ Warsaw Pact vs. N.A.T.O. (Military Alliance Divisions) ♦ Proxy Wars ♦ Arms Race (nuclear escalation)

Why did the alliance between the Soviet Union and the United States dismantle after World War II (list three reasons)?

♦ No longer had a common enemy (Hitler, Fascism, etc.) ♦ Conflicting Ideologies (Communism / Capitalism) ♦ Two greatest superpowers in the world.