The structure of DNA

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Dna contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases:

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Is dna replication always a fool proof process?

No, damaged areas are still able to be replicated

Does DNA replication take place in the same direction along both strands of the DNA molecule that is being replicated?

No. DNA replication proceeds in opposite directions between replication forks.

Why is the pairing of bases during replication essential for the transmission of inherited traits from parent to offspring?

Offspring will always get the same sequence of bases their parents had.

A kind of virus that infects bacteria

bacteriophage

Hershey and Chase studied a ________ that was composed of a DNA core and a protein coat

bacteriophage

In DNA, the fit between thymine and adenine and the fit between cytosine and guanine

base pairing

The double helix model explains chargaffs rule of ____

base pairing

James Watson and Francis Crick

built a model that explained the structure of DNA

The nucleotides in dna are joined by _____ bonds.

covalent

Why are the strands of a DNA molecule said to be complementary?

each strand can be used to make the other strand

Amount of DNA in prokaryotes

less than eukaryotes

In DNA, _________ can be joined in any order.

nucleotides

The building blocks of dna are

nucleotides

Location of dna in eukaryotes

nucleus

In eukaryotic cells, ____ can begin at dozens or even hundreds of places on the dna molecule

replication

The DNA molecule separates into two strands during __________

replication

The process that copies a DNA molecule

replication

What enzyme makes it less likely that DNA will be lost from telomeres during replication?

telomerase

The tip of a chromosome

telomere

The process that can change a harmless bacterial strain into disease causing strain

transformation

Why did Hershey and chase specifically choose the sulfur and phosphorus labels?

To differentiate between dna and protein

Why was the bacteriophage a quality model to use in an experiment designed to answer the question " is the genetic material protein or dna"?

Bacteriophages are made of only two components, a protein capsule and dna. They attach to the surface of a bacteria cell, inject there dna into the cell but very little of their protein

The center of the dna strands exhibits _____

Base pairing

Location of dna in prokaryotes

Cytoplasm in the nucleotide

An enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of dna

DNA polymerase

The principle enzyme involved in dna replication is ____

DNA polymerase

Nucleotides in dna are made of three basic components: a sugar called_____, a ______, and a nitrogenous _____.

Deoxyribose, phosphate, base

How does this enzyme work?

Dna May be lost from the tips of chromosomes

Starting Points for Replication (Eukaryotes)

Dna molecule

The enzymes that proof reads each new dna strand so that each molecule is a near-perfect copy of the original is ______

Dna polymerase

What enzymes join individual nucleotides to produce the new strand of dna

Dna polymerase

How does DNA store information?

Each strand of double helix carries a sequence of bases arranged by letters

If the base sequence on a separated DNA strand is CGTAGG, what will the base sequence on its complementary strand be?

GCATCC

Rosalind franklin

Her X-ray diffraction studies revealed the double-helix structure of DNA

What was the independent variable in this experiment?

Radioactivity and phages that were grown

Erwin Chargaff

Showed that the percentages of adenine and thymine are almost always equal in DNA. The percentages of guanine and cytosine are also almost equal.

Starting points for replication in prokaryotes

Single point

Each time a chromosome is replicated some dna may be low from the tip of the chromosome or ______

Telomere

How does dna copy information

The base pairs can be copied when hydrogen bonds break

What was the dependent variable in this experiment?

The part of the virus that was injected

How does DNA transmit information?

The sequence of base pairs is copied so genetic info can be duplicated unchanged

What is the first step in eukaryotic dna replication?

The strands of the double helix separate, or unzip

Griffiths experiment showed that some chemical compound in cells must be responsible for bacterial____

Transformation

Amount of DNA in eukaryotes

Up to 1000X more than prokaryotes.

What was the purpose of the blender in the experiment

Whether or not bacteria is radioactive in the experiment

The physical shape of dna looks like an

X and is double sided

What is a replication fork?

a Y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound


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