The Unfinished Nation Chapter 8

Under the system of state banking that prevailed after the charter of the first Bank of the United States had expired,

1. A large number of banknotes were issued, creating confusion over the value of various currencies 2. Counterfeiting of banknotes was easy.

The difficulties faced by the second President Adams included which of the following?

1. Adams faced diplomatic frustrations when southerners in Congress voiced oppositions to sending American delegates to a conference in Panama 2. Adams faced animosity from southerners when he signed what became known as the "tariff of abominations".

The Monroe Doctrine established the United States' right to protect and defend "the American continents"

1. Against European attempts at colonization 2. From outside interference

Who among the following finished among the top three in the 1824 presidential election?

1. Andrew Jackson 2. John Quincy Adams 3. William H Crawford

By the 1816 presidential election, the Federalists had ceased to be a potent force in national politics, signaling a clear end to which of the following

1. Any significant opposition to the Republican monopoly on power 2. The first party system

When Missouri applied for admission to the Union in 1819, an amendment to the statehood bill was proposed that

1. Banned the further importation of slaves into the state 2. Gradually emancipated the slaves already residing in the state.

The Republican candidate in the 1824 presidential race, William H Crawford,

1. Came from the agricultural South 2. Was the favorite of his party's extreme states'-rights factions

McCulloch v Maryland (1819) raised which constitutional issues?

1. Could Congress charter a bank? 2. Could individual states ban or tax a congressionally chartered bank?

Which of the following accurately characterize relationships between most mountain men and the Indians

1. Encounters with tribes sometimes turned violent 2.Romantic relationships between mountain men and Indian and Mexican women were common.

Which of the following were typical for white settlers in the Old Northwest?

1. Families moved frequently 2. Settlers built communities with schools, churches and stores 3. Men, women and Children all worked together in the fields

Which of the following conditions contributed to the decline of American industry after the end of the War of 1812?

1. Imports were no longer cut off 2. Cheap British goods suddenly flooded the market

Which states joined the Union in rapid succession between 1816 and 1819?

1. Indiana 2. Mississippi 3. Alabama 4. Illinois

Monroe's choice of John Quincy Adams for secretary of state was significant for which of the following reasons?

1. It suggested that the "Virginia Dynasty" would soon come to an end. 2. That position had become a stepping-stone to the presidency. 3. Jefferson, Madison and Monroe had all served in that position before becoming president.

Since the beginning of the republic, new states had come into the Union more or less in pairs, one _____state and one ____ state.

1. Northern; southern 2. Slave; free

Which of the following were reasons white Americans began expansion into the West in the early 1800s?

1. Population growth in the East drove out many white Americans 2. Land in the West was plentiful, while the East and South were largely occupied.

Which of the following statements regarding the outcome of the 1824 presidential election are correct?

1. The House was now operating under the Twelfth Amendment, passed in the aftermath of the contested 1800 election. 2. Jackson received more popular and electoral votes than any other candidate, but he did not have a majority. 3. Health problems forced Crawford out of the running, leaving Clay (who had finished fourth) in a position to influence the choice of a winner.

The Marshall Court tended to favor which of the following?

1. The federal government over state governments. 2. A strong,unified national government over a loosely organized one 3. Corporations and other private economic institutions over local governments.

For Americans and their elected leaders in the 1810's, the War of 1812 served as a dramatic demonstration of inadequacies in which of the following areas?

1. Transportation and shipping 2. Banking and finance

Though Jackson won a decisive victory over Adams in 1828, Adams's support was strongest in particular areas, including

1.The Mid-Atlantic 2. New England

Between 1800 and 1820, the national population nearly doubled, to almost __ million

10

Marshall consistently maintained that in ratifying the Constitution, states had given up

A portion of their sovereignty

What group did the protective tariff anger and why?

Agricultural group would have to pay higher prices for imported goods

Which of the following did NOT occur after the War of 1812?

All banking was left to the states did not occur. (commerce revived and expanded, an economic boom was followed by a disasterus bust, west ward expansion accelerated, federal government starting financial internal improvements all occurred)

The wartime experience of the United States in 1812-1815 underlined the need for

Another national bank

After the War of 1812, the fur company of John Jacob ____ expanded westward to the Rocky Mountains.

Astor

The new agricultural region of central Alabama and Mississippi became known as the ____ _____ for its dark,productive soil

Black Belt

One example of the diplomatic challenges John Quincy Adams's administration faced was the 1826 Panama conference, which southerners in Congress opposed because they did not want American representatives to associate with

Black delegates from Haiti

Henry Clay declined an offer to become secretary of war, so the newly-elected President Monroe named John _____ to the position instead.

Calhoun

The end of "King Caucus" in 1820 meant that

Candidates who were not affiliated with any Political party had a chance at election.

The Second Bank of the United States was essentially the same as the institution Hamilton had founded in 1791, except that it had more ___ than its predecessor

Capital

Which statement regarding mountain men and their relationship to the larger economy is NOT correct?

Careful planning helped them stay out of debt and keep a large share of their profits

Until 1820, when the Federalist party effectively ceased operations and James Monroe ran for reelection unopposed, presidential candidates were nominated by party ____ in Congress

Caucuses

What were postwar issues?

Chaos in shipping and banking, war showed weakness of transportation/financial systems and need for another national bank

The "Corrupt bargain" was a term used by Jackson's supporters in referring to the fact that

Clay, who supported the choice of Adams as president, became his secretary of state

The Marshall Court's ruling in favor of Dartmouth College placed important restrictions on the ability of state governments to control

Corporations

The soil in the Old Southwest was ideal for growing ____, a crop that enjoyed increasing demand.

Cotton

The War of 1812 stimulated the growth of manufacturing by

Cutting off imports of competing products from other countries

In 1828, which political party supported Jackson's presidential bid?

Democratic Republicans

The availability of ____ helped fuel a land boom in the West, the end of which caused a financial crisis in 1819.

Easy Credit

Which of the following accurately describe how the War of 1812 stimulated the national economy?

Economic Effects of the War of 1812 - manufacturing was stimulated by the cutting of imports during the war - economic growth was accompanied by issues with currency and the banking system - the ending of the nation's dispute with European powers stimulated exports and especially imports

The Columbian Centinel characterized the atmosphere of the late 1810s under the Monroe administration as an "_____ of good_____."

Era; feelings

The Marshall Court's decision on matters relating to the Indians served to establish the tribes as sovereign entities over which the ____ had ultimate authority

Federal Government

By the time of the 1820 election, the _____ Party had for all practical purposes ceased to exist.

Federalist

John Quincy Adams's first challenge as secretary of state was the territory of ____, over which he began negotiations with Spanish minister Luis de Onis in 1817.

Florida

The Monroe Doctrine was created partly in response to fears that the ____ would assist Spain in retaking its lost empire and that the ____ wanted to take over Cuba

French;British

By labeling the Great Plains the "______ _____ ____," Stephen H Long helped perpetuate a misconception introduced by Zebulon Pike 15 years earlier

Great American Desert

Marshall confirmed the ____ powers of Congress by upholding the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States in McCulloch v Maryland (1819).

Implied

The nationalist inclinations of the Marshall Court were apparent in a series of decisions on the legal status of ____ within the United States

Indian Tribes

Which of the following accurately describes transportation problems that occurred during the wartime British blockade?

Instead of being able to travel along the Atlantic coast by ships, people and goods crowded onto coastal roads

In its Gibbons vs Ogden (1824) ruling, the Marshall Court strengthened the power of Congress to regulate

Interstate Commerce

Which of the following describe the significance of Andrew Jackson's 1828 presidential victory?

Jackson Victory - Jacksonians considered their victory as complete and as important as Jefferson's in 1800 - the election of 1828 witnessed a new two-party system, which emerged from Republican factions - the election of 1828 reflected sectional divisions

Elected president in 1816, _____ ____ took office under what appeared to be remarkably favorable circumstances.

James Monroe

Jackson compared his victory and its aftermath to the election of ____ in 1800

Jefferson

An internal improvements bill was presented by ___ after the War of 1812.

John C Calhoun

As chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835, ____ ____ dominated the Court more fully than anyone else during his tenure.

John Marshall

Though it is commonly attributed to James Monroe, the 1823 statement of US policy in the Western Hemisphere was primarily the work of

John Quincy Adams

Who was the chief architect of the Monroe Doctrine?

John Quincy Adams

The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 signaled the intentions of the United States to involve itself more actively in which region?

Latin America

Complicating the Missouri question in 1819 and 1820 was the application of ____ for admission as a free state

Maine

When ____ won its independence from Spain in 1821, it soon opened its northern territories to trade with the United States.

Mexico

According to the 1820 agreement known as the _____ ______, two new states- one slaveholding the other free----- entered the Union.

Missouri Compromise

What was a common feature of life in the Old Northwest?

Mobility of individuals and families

The 1823 statement of US policy in the Western Hemisphere is called the ____ _____.

Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following accurately describe the reasons for and impact of the Monroe Doctrine?

Monroe Doctrine - during and after the war of 1812, the United States developed profitable trade' with Latin America - established the United States as a dominant power in the Western Hemisphere - reflected a growing spirit of nationalism as well as fears that Spain would try to retake its empire

By the late 1810's, the _____, a highway of crushed stone, ran from the shores of the Potomac to the Ohio River.

National Road

The United States became the first country to _____ the new Latin American nations

Officially recognize

In 1803, which newly inaugurated state's land sales were used to fund transportation infrastructure projects?

Ohio

Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to territory

Pacific Northwest

The financial crisis known as the ____ of ____ helped bring the "era of good feelings" to an end.

Panic of 1819

Steamboats traveled up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers as far as ____ by 1816.

Pittsburgh

One of the most important Supreme Court decisions regarding Indian tribes and their territory was Worcester v. Georgia (1832), in which the Court invalidated state laws _____ lands controlled by Cherokee Indians.

Regulating access by US citizens to

By what means did the federal government finance road construction in Ohio in 1803?

Sale of public land

Which of these describe sectional differences and the attempts to resolve them?

Sectional Differences - in 1819 there was a balance of eleven slaves states and eleven free states - the Missouri Compromise provided a happy resolution to the immediate problem but revealed deeper divisions - slavery would be prohibited in the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase

Andrew Jackson used orders from Secretary of War John C Calhoun as an excuse to launch the ____ ____ by invading Florida in 1817.

Seminole War

Which issue dominated and inflamed sectional debates throughout the early nineteenth century, even after the Missouri Compromise?

Slavery

Steamboats in the 1810s stimulated the agricultural economies of the ____ by providing much readier access to markets at reduced cost.

South and West

In Worcester v Georgia(1832), the Marshall Court defined the Indian tribes as ____ in much the same way that Georgia was.

Sovereign Entities

Why was there a need for another bank?

State banks came to replace the original national bank and handed out notes like money; worth of the notes depended on how reputable the bank was; 1st national bank's charter expired

Advocates of ____ rights, especially in the South, continued to challenge Marshall Court rulings such as Cohens v Virginia (1821).

States'

Under the terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, the United States renounced its claim on the Spanish territory of ____.

Texas.

In the aftermath of the War of 1812 and the scarcity that accompanied it, industry, particularly _____, had already begun to experience dramatic growth.

Textiles

In the 1820's the Republican Party split and two new parties emerged. Which of these two parties later became the Whig Party?

The National Republican Party

Which of the following statements regarding events in Latin America during the decade after the beginning of the War of 1812 is not correct?

The United States presented a statement to Luis de Onis declaring official support for the rebels and an end to diplomatic relations with Spain

According th "nationalists" in the government, "internal improvements" should be financed by

The national government (One such nationalist was John C. Calhoun)

By the time of the 1828 presidential election, a new ____ had begun to emerge out of the divisions within the Republican Party.

Two-party system

New Englanders had begun to express impatience with the so-called "_____ _____" and its years of control over the executive branch.

Virginia Dynasty

Southerners bitterly opposed what they called the "tariff of ____," a tax on imported goods that Adams signed into law in 1828.

abominations

After peace was restored, new industries that prospered during the war

demanded that the government protect them from foreign competition.

The Missouri crisis, which was settled by the Missouri Compromise of 1820, was significant because it

fostered the rising American nationalism of the 1820s.

Describe growth of the textile industry.

from 18-15, total number of cotton spindles went from 8,000 to 130,000

What did Jackson's supporters accuse John Quincy Adams of during the presidential campaign?

gross waste and extravagance

What were attributes of the 2nd National Bank of 1816?

had more capital, same Hamiltonian basis; could not stop states form issuing notes but could dominate them with its size and power

protective tariff (1816)

in response to British ships unloading cheap foreign goods (which would hurt home manufactures); put a tax on foreign goods and foreign cotton the most

The administration of President James Monroe was called the "era of good feelings" because

it was a time of few factional disputes and partisan divisions.

Francis Cabot Lowell

made a power loom stronger than the current English ones; made the Boston Manufacturing Co. and revolutionized American manufacturing through his first spinning/weaving mill

The Missouri Compromise rendered slavery illegal within the Louisiana Territory north of which border of Missouri?

southern border

What type of transportation technology gained rapidly in prominence after the War of 1812?

steam-powered shipping

In 1816, protectionists in Congress won passage of _____ law that benefited cotton cloth and other products

tariff

The second Bank of the United States could deal with the nation's currency problem by

using its size and power to compel state banks to issue sound notes or go out of business.

The second Bank of the United States

was essentially the same institution supported by Alexander Hamilton a generation before.