Unit 4 CONNECT SB

Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? amino acid ribose sugar deoxyribose sugar nitrogenous base phosphate

- deoxyribose sugar - nitrogenous base - phosphate

Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? - repressor - RNA polymerase - inducer - operator - structural genes

- operator - structural genes

Which is true regarding DNA replication? false: - new strand synthesized in 5' to 3' direction on leading strand, & 3' to 5' direction on lagging strand - lagging strand synthesized continuously

Each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand

T/F: In bacterial conjugation, all F+ donor cells are high frequency recombinant (Hfr) cells.

False

T/F: a point mutation results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides, and always leads to a shift of the triplet sequence from the point of mutation downstream.

False

T/F: bacterial conjugation is a sexual process

False

Which of the following are functions of RNA polymerase?

- unwinds the DNA so that transcription can take place - synthesizes an RNA molecule from DNA template

Which type of plasmids confer the ability of an organism to survive treatment by antibiotics?

R factors

T/F: A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence or content of a cell that's passed on when the cell divides

True

Transcription of the structural genes of the arg operon is inhibited when arginine...

builds up and binds to and activates the repressor

Which is the correct order of events when a protein is made in the process of translation

initiation, elongation, termination

Donor and recipient bacterial cells are connected by the sex pilus during _____.

conjugation

What binds with an inactive repressor to make an active repressor?

corepressor

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

dRNA

The DNA of a chromosome is _____-stranded

double

Which DNA sequences are found within a gene but don't encode the protein specified by that gene?

introns

_____ are DNA sequences found within a gene that don't encode the protein corresponding to the gene.

introns

A small number of _____ are considered beneficial in that they provide the cell with a useful change in structure or physiology

mutations

What is the result of a point mutation that changes a template gene sequence from 3'-TACGCCATATAT-5' to 3'-TACGCCATCTAT-5'? - which mutation changes an amino acid producing codon into a stop codon?

nonsense mutation

A(n) _____ mutations results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides in multiples of 1 or 2, leading to a shift of the triplet sequence from the point of mutation downstream

frameshift

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the _____

genome

A _____ is a small circular segment of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria that's capable of independent replication and usually contains nonessential genes

plasmid

In bacterial conjugation, a recipient cell having no F (fertility) _____ DNA is considered F-.

plasmid/factor

Mutations that involve the addition, deletion, or substitution of no more than a

point

During semiconservative _____ the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission.

replication

The enzymes responsible for building the DNA strand, proofreading newly produced DNA strands, and removing the RNA primer are DNA _____ I & II

polymerase

Which term refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms?

recombination

The protein product of a repressor gene is the _____ which binds the operator to stop transcription

repressor

_____ mutations in DNA are caused by random mistakes in replication and not known to be influenced by any mutagenic agent.

spontaneous

Which term, synonymous with codon, describes a trinucleotide sequence coding an amino acid in DNA?

triplet

The nitrogenous base thymine is only found in DNA, which _____ is only found in RNA.

uracil

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) arise when, through genetic transfer, a MRSA strain acquires the _____ operon located within a _____

vanA; transposon

The native or _____ type strain exhibits nonmutated characteristics

wild

The _____ test is used to determine the carcinogenic potential of a chemical

Ames

The flow of genetic information in a cell is a process starting with _____ which encodes _____ which encodes protein

DNA; RNA

Which pentose sugar is found in DNA?

Deoxyribose

What is the name of the specialized plasmid that directs conjugation in gram-negative cells?

F factor

In bacterial conjugation, which term refers to a donor cell with a fertility plasmid located in the cytoplasm?

F+

In bacterial conjugation, which term refers to a recipient cell that does not have a fertility plasmid?

F-

In bacterial conjugation, which type of donor has the fertility factor integrated into the chromosome?

Hfr

The enzyme involved in replicating a new DNA strand is DNA polymerase _____, and DNA polymerase _____ is involved in removing the RNA primer, closing gaps, and repairing mismatched bases.

III; I

The main enzyme responsible for transcription is

RNA polymerase

The arg operon is usually transcriptionally active because the repressor is _____ until the levels of arginine _____.

inactive; build up

A _____ mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein, with varying results.

missense

An agent that induces changes in DNA is a(n) ______

mutagen

Which term refers to an organism that has a mutation?

mutant

A permanent inheritable alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell is a(n) _____.

mutation

Two components of an operon include the _____ that act as an on/off switch, and the _____ gene sequences

operator; structural

The site on a chromosome where DNA replication begins is called the _____ of replication

origin