Week 10-pharm study questions
3. Arterial blood flow to myocardial cells occurs during the ____________________ phase of a heartbeat.
diastolic
9. Intracellular proteins released when cardiac muscle cells are damaged are called ____________________ and ____________________.
troponins; creatine kinase
5. More rapid depolarization of Purkinje fibers results in synchronized _____________________ contraction.
ventricular
10-A patient in the emergency department has severe chest pain. The nurse administers morphine intravenously. The patient asks the nurse why morphine is given. Which response by the nurse is correct? "Morphine helps by reducing pain and dissolving clots." "Morphine helps by relieving pain and lowering blood pressure." "Morphine helps by reducing anxiety and relieving pain." "Morphine helps by relieving pain and reducing the cardiac oxygen demand."
"Morphine helps by relieving pain and reducing the cardiac oxygen demand." IV morphine is the treatment of choice for STEMI-associated pain. Besides relieving pain, it promotes vasodilation and reduces cardiac preload, which lowers the cardiac oxygen demand. It does not reduce anxiety, dissolve clots, or lower blood pressure.
5-A patient with atrial fibrillation is taking Calan. The patient has read about the drug on the internet and wants to know why a drug that affects the rate of ventricular contraction is used to treat an abnormal atrial contraction. What will the nurse tell the patient? "When ventricular contraction slows, atrial contraction is also slowed." "Drugs that treat ventricular dysrhythmias help to restore normal sinus rhythm." "Treating ventricular dysrhythmias helps prevent the likelihood of stroke." "Atrial dysrhythmias can have life-threatening effects on ventricular function."
"Atrial dysrhythmias can have life-threatening effects on ventricular function." Dysrhythmic activity in the atria does not significantly reduce cardiac output but can be dangerous when dysrhythmic impulses cross the AV node, causing ventricular dysrhythmias, which can be life threatening. Treating ventricular dysrhythmia helps improve ventricular pumping. These drugs do not restore normal sinus rhythm. To prevent stroke, an anticoagulant, such as warfarin, is used. Slowing ventricular contraction does not affect the rate of atrial contraction. Restoring normal sinus rhythm requires cardioversion, short-term treatment with amiodarone or sotalol, or RF ablation of the dysrhythmia source.
7-A nurse is providing teaching to a patient who is admitted to the hospital for initiation of treatment with amiodarone for atrial fibrillation that has been refractory to other medications. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? "I need to use sunblock to help keep my skin from turning bluish gray." "I may have itching, malaise, and jaundice, but these symptoms will subside." "I should not drink grapefruit juice while taking this medication." "I should report shortness of breath and cough and stop taking the drug immediately."
"I may have itching, malaise, and jaundice, but these symptoms will subside." Amiodarone has many toxic effects. Liver toxicity is rare but serious and should be reported and the drug discontinued. Dermatologic toxicity can occur, and sunblock helps protect the skin, which, with prolonged exposure to the sun, can turn bluish gray. Drinking grapefruit juice can increase amiodarone levels. Pulmonary toxicity is the greatest concern, and patients with pulmonary symptoms should report these to the provider.
12-A patient who takes nitroglycerine to treat stable angina reports having erectile dysfunction and states that he plans to ask his primary provider for a prescription for tadalafil [Cialis]. What will the nurse tell this patient? "You should avoid sexual activity since this increases oxygen demands on the heart." "You should discuss another antianginal medication with your provider." "You should not take tadalafil and nitroglycerine within 30 to 60 minutes of each other." "You may take these two drugs together safely as long as you take them as directed."
"You should discuss another antianginal medication with your provider." Use of nitroglycerine with any phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, such as sildenafil or tadalafil, is absolutely contraindicated. The patient should be advised to discuss another antianginal agent with the provider. Patients should be taught to increase all activity to maintain as normal a lifestyle as possible.
11-A patient asks a nurse how nitroglycerin works to relieve anginal pain. The nurse correctly states, "Nitroglycerin: increases the oxygen supply to the cardiac muscle." promotes vasodilation, which reduces preload and oxygen demand." increases ventricular filling to improve cardiac output." dilates coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart."
"promotes vasodilation, which reduces preload and oxygen demand." Nitroglycerin dilates the veins, which reduces venous return to the heart, which in turn decreases ventricular filling. The resulting decrease in preload reduces the oxygen requirements of the heart. Nitroglycerin does not increase the blood flow or oxygen supply to the heart. An increase in ventricular filling would increase oxygen demand and result in increased anginal pain.
7. In acute MI, if blood flow is not restored in _________________minutes, cell death begins.
20
20. What is a priority assessment when administering dopamine? a. Bowel sounds b. Capillary refill c. Temperature d. Urine output
20. d-Urine output (Dopamine is administered by continuous infusion. Constant monitoring of BP, the electrocardiogram [ECG], and urine output is required.)
27. What findings in a patient with HF would warrant that the nurse not administer digoxin and notify the prescriber? a. Blood pressure 100/76 mm Hg b. Digoxin 2.4 ng/mL c. Heart rate 100 beats/min d. Potassium 5.3 mEq/L
27. b -Digoxin 2.4 ng/mL (The optimal range of digoxin is now 0.5 to 0.8 mg/mL.)
1-A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction but does not have symptoms of heart failure. The nurse will expect to teach this patient about: ACE inhibitors and beta blockers. diuretics and digoxin. biventricular pacemakers. dietary supplements and exercise.
ACE inhibitors and beta blockers. This patient is classified as having Stage B heart failure with no current symptoms but with structural heart disease strongly associated with the development of heart failure. Treatment at this stage includes an ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker to help prevent the progression of symptoms. Biventricular pacemakers are used for patients in Stage C heart failure and have more advanced structural disease and symptoms. Dietary supplements and exercise have not been proven to prevent structural heart disease. Diuretics and digoxin are used for patients with Stage C heart failure.
9-A patient is admitted to the coronary care unit from the emergency department after initial management of STEMI. A primary percutaneous coronary intervention has been performed. The nurse notes an initial heart rate of 56 beats/min and a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. The patient has a history of stroke and a previous myocardial infarction. Which order will the nurse question? Beta blocker Heparin Clopidogrel Aspirin
Beta blocker A beta blocker would be contraindicated in this patient, because it slows the heart, and this patient is already bradycardic. Aspirin, clopidogrel, and heparin are recommended in patients who have had a primary PCI.
3-A nurse prepares to administer a scheduled dose of digoxin. The nurse finds a new laboratory report showing a plasma digoxin level of 0.7 ng/mL. What action should the nurse take? Administer Digibind to counteract the toxicity. Check the patient's apical pulse, and if it is within a safe range, administer the digoxin. Withhold the drug and notify the prescriber immediately. Withhold the drug for an hour and reassess the level.
Check the patient's apical pulse, and if it is within a safe range, administer the digoxin. The patient's pulse should be checked before administration, as always, and the digoxin should be administered. The digoxin does not have to be withheld, nor does the prescriber need to be notified. If the digoxin level is demonstrating a trend of increasing, the issue should be discussed in rounds. Digibind is not indicated, because the digoxin level is therapeutic.
3. In myocardial infarction, heart muscle is __________________ secondary to local ischemia.
Necrosed
1. ___Faint peripheral pulses, decreased urine output
Perfusion, ineffective peripheral
4-Which are expected effects of cardiac glycosides? (Select all that apply.) Decreased force of contraction Positive inotropic effects Decreased heart rate Modulation of neurohormonal systems Decreased cardiac output
Positive inotropic effects Decreased heart rate Modulation of neurohormonal systems Digoxin slows the heart rate, modulates the activity of neurohormonal systems, and increases the force of contraction. It does not decrease cardiac output or reduce the force of contraction.
6-A nurse is caring for a patient in the intensive care unit who is receiving intravenous lidocaine. The patient is drowsy and confused and reports numbness of the fingers and toes. Which standing order will the nurse initiate at this time? Discontinue the infusion. Reduce the rate of infusion. Prepare for mechanical ventilation. Administer diazepam.
Reduce the rate of infusion. This patient is showing signs that are common with high therapeutic levels of lidocaine. Because lidocaine is rapidly degraded, slowing the rate of infusion can help remove excess drug from the circulation. Seizures are possible with toxic doses; diazepam should be used to control seizures. It is not necessary to discontinue the infusion, because this patient is showing signs common to high therapeutic doses. Respiratory arrest is possible with toxic doses; mechanical ventilation may be needed.
4. Myocardial infarctions where there is partial blockage of the coronary artery are called non-____________________ MI.
ST-elevation
2. The abbreviation for an MI with complete blockage of the coronary artery is ____________________.
STEMI
5. ___Shortness of breath when walking to bathroom
a-Activity intolerance
10. ___Block aldosterone receptors in the heart and blood vessels.
a-Aldosterone receptor antagonist
9. Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs block cardiac sodium channels in the heart? a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. Class IV
a-Class I
6.Adenocard acts by blocking influx of which ion into myocardial cells? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Sodium d. Chloride
a-calcium
11. Research suggests which treatment(s) improve(s) outcomes in STEMI? (Select all that apply.) a. Administration of aspirin b. Administration of a β-blocker c. Administration of ibuprofen d. Administration of morphine e. Administration of SL nitroglycerin f. Administration of oxygen
a. Administration of aspirin b. Administration of a β-blocker d. Administration of morphine e. Administration of SL nitroglycerin
31. The patient must be informed of possible damage to the lungs when prescribed oral therapy with which drug? a. Amiodarone b. Dofetilide c. Propafenone d. Propranolol
a. Amiodarone
20. A patient with a dysrhythmia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and heart failure (HF) is prescribed quinidine, metformin, furosemide, and digoxin. The nurse should be vigilant in monitoring for which early adverse effect of digitalis toxicity that may occur with this combination of drugs? a. Anorexia and nausea b. Cool, clammy skin c. Excessive urination and thirst d. Yellow-tinted blurred vision
a. Anorexia and nausea
32. In addition to monitoring the heart rate and rhythm, what assessment must the nurse continuously monitor when administering IV amiodarone? a. BP b. Level of consciousness c. Intravenous site d. Respiratory effort
a. BP
15. The ED triage nurse answers the call of a patient who has a history of angina pectoris and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient reports chest pain that has not been relieved by three doses of nitroglycerin. The patient had been told by his physician that he should take chewable aspirin should this occur, but he does not have any aspirin. What should the nurse tell the patient to do? a. Call 911. b. Call his physician for directions. c. Take ibuprofen and seek medical care. d. Turn on his home oxygen and rest.
a. Call 911.
23. The nurse is preparing to administer hydralazine for HF. Because this drug has been associated with drug-induced lupus-like syndrome, it would be a priority to report what symptom to the prescriber? (Select all that apply.) a. Facial rash b. Heartburn c. Joint pain d. Fever
a. Facial rash c. Joint pain d. Fever (All of these are signs and symptoms of drug-induced lupus-like syndrome.)
4. What pharmacologic class does altoprev belong to? a. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor b. Bile-acid sequestrant c. Fibric acid derivative d. Vasodilator
a. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
17. The nurse would be most concerned if a patient with HF exhibits which symptom? (Select all that apply.) a. Peripheral edema b. Urine output of 825 mL in 24 hours c. Distention of the jugular veins d. Weight gain
a. Peripheral edema c. Distention of the jugular veins d. Weight gain (The combination of increased venous tone, plus increased blood volume found in HF causes pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, and increased JVD; weight gain results from fluid retention.)
11. When collecting data from a patient who is not obtaining relief from sublingual nitroglycerin tablets, the nurse should ask whether the patient allows the tablet to completely dissolve in her mouth. This is based on the nurse's understanding that swallowing sublingual nitroglycerin tablets a. allows the liver to inactivate the drug before it works. b. increases tolerance to the drug. c. prevents the small intestine from absorbing the drug. d. speeds excretion.
a. allows the liver to inactivate the drug before it works.
22. Isosorbide reduces the congestive symptoms of heart failure through a. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. b. decreasing conduction of impulses through the heart. c. decreasing the volume of blood in the vascular system. d. increasing myocardial remodeling.
a. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
2. Dysrhythmia means _____________________ heart rhythm.
abnormal
1. Arrhythmia is not as accurate a term as dysrhythmia,because arrhythmia literally means _____________________ of a heart rhythm.
absence
8. Remodeling of the myocardium that occurs with MI is driven in part by local production of ___________________.
angiotensin II
4. The most common drug used to decrease platelet activity is ____________________.
aspirin
23. The nurse is monitoring the ECG of a patient who received the first dose of quinidine 45 minutes ago. The nurse notes that the QRS complex was widened 25% from pre-drug therapy findings. What should the nurse do? a. Administer a β-blocker. b. Continue nursing care. c. Discontinue monitoring the ECG. d. Notify the prescriber immediately.
b. Continue nursing care. (Warning signs of cardiotoxicity include QRS widening of more than 50%.)
6. Almost all coronary occlusions occur at the site of a ruptured ____________________ ____________________.
atherosclerotic plaque
9. ___Block production of angiotensin II, decrease release of aldosterone, and suppress degradation of kinins, thereby improving hemodynamics and favorably altering cardiac remodeling.
b-Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
4. ___Palpitations, pallor
b-Cardiac output, decreased
2. Which laboratory value will you monitor when your patient is taking digoxin? a. sodium b. potassium c. pH d. calcium
b-potassium
1. A nurse is providing teaching to a patient who is admitted to the hospital for initiation of treatment with amiodarone for atrial fibrillation that has been refractory to other medications. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I need to use sunblock to help keep my skin from turning bluish Gray" b. "I may have itching, malaise, and jaundice, but these symptoms will subside." c. "I should not drink grapefruit juice while taking this medication." d. "I should report shortness of breath and cough and stop taking the drug immediately."
b. "I may have itching, malaise, and jaundice, but these symptoms will subside."
13. A protocol in the emergency department (ED) is to administer four chewable 81-mg aspirin tablets (total 324 mg) to patients with suspected MI. A student nurse asks the nurse why four chewable aspirin tablets are administered instead of two regular aspirin tablets (650 mg). What is the most accurate explanation for this protocol for the first dose of aspirin? a. Aspirin is an acid, and acids are more readily absorbed in the acid environment of the stomach. b. Chewable forms of aspirin are rapidly absorbed through the buccal mucosa. c. Chewing breaks the tablet into smaller particles, which are more readily absorbed in the intestines. d. Exceeding 325-mg doses can offset the vasodilation and antiplatelet effects of lower doses.
b. Chewable forms of aspirin are rapidly absorbed through the buccal mucosa.
10. What subclass of antidysrhythmic drugs does lidocaine belong to? a. Class IA b. Class IB c. Class IC d. Class V
b. Class IB
10. A patient is prescribed a nitroglycerin patch that is to be applied at 0900 (9:00 AM) and removed at 2100 (9:00 PM). When preparing to administer the 0900 patch, the nurse notes that a nitroglycerin patch is still in place. What should the nurse do? a. Apply the new patch to a different site, but leave the old patch on until the nursing supervisor is contacted. b. Consult with the prescriber regarding application of a new patch. c. Remove the old patch and apply the new patch to a different site. d. Remove the old patch and change the timing of the medication so that the patch is removed at 0900 and applied at 2100.
b. Consult with the prescriber regarding application of a new patch. (Long-acting formulations of nitroglycerin [patches/sustained release] should be used on an intermittent schedule that allows at least 8 drug-free hours a day; usually at night.)
6. What is the goal of drug therapy for chronic stable angina? a. Constrict coronary arteries to increase blood pressure during stress b. Decrease myocardial need for oxygen during stress c. Increase myocardial blood flow during systole d. Prevent coronary artery spasms
b. Decrease myocardial need for oxygen during stress
18. Which laboratory result for international normalized ratio (INR), if identified in a patient with atrial fibrillation who is receiving warfarin, would indicate that warfarin therapy has achieved the desired effect? a. INR between 0.9 and 1.1 b. INR between 2 and 3 c. INR between 5 and 9 d. INR greater than 10
b. INR between 2 and 3
27. Because of extensive first-pass effect, the nurse expects to administer lidocaine in which way? a. Sustained-release formula b. Intravenously c. Orally on an empty stomach d. With a full glass of water
b. Intravenously
36. Which action is most appropriate when administering adenosine IV? a. Administer oxygen. b. Monitor vital signs. c. Have the patient perform the Valsalva maneuver. d. Administer dipyridamole concurrently.
b. Monitor vital signs.
7. Which drug would a patient who has suffered a STEMI is more likely to receive? a. Amiodarone b. Nitroglycerin c. Verapamil d. Adenosine
b. Nitroglycerin
8.. Which drug is a drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies? a. Hydralazine b. Nitroprusside c. Lopid d. Verapamil
b. Nitroprusside
21. Which of these assessment findings, if identified in a patient who is receiving quinidine, is of greatest priority to report to the prescriber? a. Blood pressure (BP) 150/88 mm Hg b. Tinnitus c. Sudden dyspnea d. Three soft stools in 8 hours
b. Tinnitus (Cinchonism [overdose/toxicity] is characterized by tinnitus [ringing in the ears], headache, nausea, vertigo, and disturbed vision. These symptoms can develop with just one dose.)
30. It is a priority to assess for digitalis toxicity if a patient is receiving digoxin, the digoxin level is 1.3 ng/mL, and the patient has which other laboratory result? a. BNP 1813 picograms/mL b. International normalized ratio (INR) 1.5 c. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L d. Sodium 150 mEq/L
c -Potassium 3.0 mEq/L (Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin-induced dysrhythmias.)
3. ___Orthopnea, jugular venous distention (JVD)
c-Fluid volume excess
6. ___Improve left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction, reduce HF symptoms, increase exercise tolerance, decrease hospitalization, enhance quality of life, and reduce mortality.
c-Fluid volume excess
5. What is the priority nursing concern for a patient with angina pectoris? a. Decreased cardiac output b. Impaired gas exchange c. Ineffective tissue perfusion: cardiopulmonary d. Ineffective breathing pattern
c-Ineffective tissue perfusion: cardiopulmonary (Anginal pain is precipitated when the oxygen supply to the heart is insufficient to meet oxygen demand. Cardiac oxygen supply is determined by myocardial blood flow.)
5. Nitroglycerin acts primarily on which vessels? a. Arteries b. Arterioles c. Veins d. Capillaries
c-veins
9. A patient who has been using a nitroglycerin patch for angina has recently been prescribed verapamil. Which statement, if made by this patient, would suggest that the patient understood teaching about the new drug? a. "I need to take this drug because nitroglycerin causes my blood pressure to go up." b. "If I take both of these drugs, I can use sildenafil if I experience erectile dysfunction." c. "This drug prevents my heart from racing, which can happen when people take nitroglycerin." d. "This drug will make the nitroglycerin work better."
c. "This drug prevents my heart from racing, which can happen when people take nitroglycerin."
35. Because verapamil can cause blockade of calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, a priority is for the nurse to teach a patient who is prescribed this drug to do what? a. Drink 2500 mL of fluid each day, especially water. b. Increase fiber in the diet. c. Take orthostatic BP precautions. d. Report bruising.
c. Take orthostatic BP precautions. (Verapamil may produce a decrease in BP below normal levels, which may result in dizziness or symptomatic hypotension.)
11. ___Slow impulse conduction in atria and ventricles by blocking sodium (Na+) channels
calcium
7. ___Blocking this ion reduces myocardial contractility.
calcium
12. ___Can improve LV ejection fraction, increase exercise tolerance, slow progression of HF, reduce the need for hospitalization, and prolong survival.
d-Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers)
2. ___Lack of exercise, high-fat diet
d-Health maintenance, ineffective
14. A patient who is undergoing an acute STEMI is prescribed metoprolol 50 mg by mouth every 6 hours. It would be a priority to immediately contact the prescriber if which assessment finding was present? a. Altered taste b. Insomnia c. Rhinorrhea d. Wheezing
d-wheezing (Patients with asthma or other similar diseases should not receive β-blockers, including metoprolol. Because of its relative β1 selectivity, however, metoprolol may be used with caution in patients with asthma who cannot tolerate other treatments. Since β1 selectivity is not absolute, a β2-stimulating agent should be administered concomitantly, and the lowest possible dose of metoprolol used. In this instance, the nurse should clarify the dose [which totals 200 mg/day] with the prescriber.)
16. Which drug prescribed for acute STEMI should be withheld and the prescriber consulted immediately if the patient's pulse is 118 beats/min? a. Aspirin b. Atenolol c. Morphine d. Nitroglycerin
d. Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerin should be avoided in patients with tachycardia [HR > 100 bpm] due to the increased risk of reflex tachycardia.)
20. What would warrant notification of a prescriber when the nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving ranolazine? a. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 95 mL/min b. Penicillin prescribed for upper respiratory infection c. Systolic blood pressure (BP) decreases 8 mm Hg with position changes d. Unexplained fainting
d. Unexplained fainting (Ranolazine is contraindicated in patients with preexisting QT prolongation.)
12. It is important for the nurse to teach a patient who has been prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin tablet on an as-needed basis to do what? a. Discard unused tablets after 12 months. b. Store the tablets in a locked medicine cabinet in the bathroom. c. Take a few tablets from the bottle and keep them in her purse or pocket for emergency use. d. Write the date that the tablets are opened on the outside of the bottle.
d. Write the date that the tablets are opened on the outside of the bottle.
3. The nurse is completing morning care with a patient diagnosed with angina, the patient starts complaining of chest pain. The patient has a saline lock on the right forearm. Which intervention should the nurse implement at the bedside first? a. Assess his vital signs b. administer sublingual nitroglycerine c. administer IV morphine via the saline lock d. administer oxygen via nasal cannula
d. administer oxygen via nasal cannula
17. The nurse knows that nitroglycerin decreases the workload of the heart by a. dissolving existing clots. b. preventing clot formation. c. slowing the heart rate. d. reducing venous return to the heart.
d. reducing venous return to the heart.
8. ___Has profound effects on the mechanical and electrical properties of the heart; it has important neurohormonal effects.
e-Cardiac glycosides
7. ___Produce profound diuresis; can promote fluid loss even when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is low.
f-Loop (loop) diuretics
4. Tachydysrhythmia is the term for a dysrhythmia that is _____________________ than normal.
faster
13. ___Catecholamine that causes activation of β1-adrenergic receptors, increasing myocardial contractility, thereby improving cardiac performance.
g-. Sympathomimetic drugs
11. ___Produce moderate diuresis and used when edema is not too great. Are ineffective when GFR is low; cannot be used if cardiac output is greatly reduced.
h-Thiazide diuretics
5. In addition to age, genetics, and sedentary lifestyle, risk factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) include ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, __and ___________________.
high serum cholesterol; hypertension; smoking; diabetes
14. Increases myocardial contractility and promotes vasodilation through inhibition of enzymes that degrade cAMP.
i-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
8-A prescriber orders verapamil for a patient who is taking Lanoxin and Coumadin. The nurse will expect the prescriber to ____ the dose of ____. lower; warfarin increase; warfarin lower; digoxin increase; digoxin
lower; digoxin Calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil, can increase levels of digoxin, so patients taking these drugs may need to have their digoxin dose reduced. Increasing the dose of digoxin can result in digoxin toxicity. Verapamil does not affect warfarin levels.
1. The medical term for a heart attack is ____________________ ____________________.
myocardial infarction (MI)
10. There is some evidence that _________________ may be harmful.
oxygen
1. Angina pectoris occurs when the _____________ supply to the ________________ is inadequate.
oxygen; heart
10. ___Reduce calcium (Ca++) entry during fast and slow depolarization and depress phase 4 repolarization of slow potentials
potassium
8. ___Blocking this ion delays repolarization.
potassium
2. Cardiac oxygen demand is determined by heart rate, contractility, ____________________, and ____________________.
preload; afterload
2-A patient with heart failure who has been taking an ACE inhibitor, a thiazide diuretic, and a beta blocker for several months comes to the clinic for evaluation. As part of the ongoing assessment of this patient, the nurse will expect the provider to evaluate: serum electrolyte levels. complete blood count. maximal exercise capacity. ejection fraction.
serum electrolyte levels. Patients taking thiazide diuretics can develop hypokalemia, which can increase the risk for dysrhythmias; therefore, the serum electrolyte levels should be monitored closely. A complete blood count is not recommended. This patient is taking the drugs recommended for patients with Stage C heart failure; although the patient's quality of life and ability to participate in activities should be monitored, routine measurement of the ejection fraction and maximal exercise capacity is not recommended.
3. Bradydysrhythmia is the term for a dysrhythmia that is _____________________ than normal.
slower
6. ___Blocking this ion slows impulse conduction.
sodium
9. ___Delay repolarization of fast potentials by blocking potassium (K+) channels
sodium