Western Exam 3
the period of climate change in Europe between 1300 and 1450 is known as the
"little ice age"
How did attitudes toward same-sex relations change from the early to High Middle Ages
Authorities in the early Middle Ages were little concerned with same-sex relationships, but in the High middle Ages such relationships became capital crimes
What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works
What educational book by Baldassare Castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman
The Courtier
What was the importance of "fate" to Machiavelli's analysis in the Prince
The most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully escape the operations of fate that might cause a prince to lose his realm
What did the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre lead to
a lengthy civil war
In early Renaissance Italy, art
manifested corporate power
Italian humanists stressed the
study of the classics for what they could reveal about the human race
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
was a middle course between catholic and protestant extremes
Which of the following was one of the central components of the Italian Renaissance
A glorification of individual genius
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
Became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince
How did the English induce panic among the French troops at the Battle of Crecy
By using the longbow to send a torrent of arrows into the French, followed by artillery from the ring of cannon
What individuals believed the merging of Christian and classical traditions could provide reform for the church and deepen the spiritual lives of people
Christian humanists
Who was the wealthy Florentine responsible for eh vast patronage of Renaissance artists
Cosimo de Medici
What battle provided the English and King Edward III a tremendous victory over mounted French knights in 1347
Crecy
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would
Detract from the sovereignty of God
How were the consequences of the "little ice age" experienced in Europe
Economic disruptions in one region had serious implications for its trading partners in other, distant regions
How were the consequences of the "little ice age" experienced in Europe?
Economic disruptions in one region had serious implications for its trading partners in other, distant regions
In issuing the Statute of Laborers (1351), what were English lords attempting to do
Freeze salaries and wages at pre-1347 levels
Which of the following identifies the term race in the Renaissance
Groupings of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors
Which of the following characterizes Girolamo Savonarola
He came to power in Florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of his moral denunciations, he lost authority
What changes around 1300 permitted a significant expansion in the movement of goods?
Improvements in ship design permitted year-around sailing
Why did a woman work receive less compensation than a mans work
It was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting a family
On the Iberian peninsula, who were the people referred to as the new christians
Jewish and Muslim converts
What Florentine artist was commissioned by Pope Julius II to build his tomb and paint the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Which of the following inhibited women's success as painters in the Renaissance
They could not work in public where the fresco technique was done
On the iberian peninsula, what was the social position of African slaves
They intermingled with the people they lived among and sometimes intermarried with them
In general, during the plague, the clergy
cared for the sick and buried the dead
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
The Colloquy of Marburg
failed to resolve the difference among Protestants on the issue of Eucharist.
The establishment of new colleges and universities in the years following the Black Death
greatly weakened the international nature of medieval culture
Fur-collar crime refers to
groups of nobles who roamed the English countryside stealing from the rich and poor and demanding protection money
In which of the following ways did Charles VII of France expand his authority
he expelled the English from all French soil except Calais
How does Dante's Divine Comedy demonstrate the tensions of the fourteenth century
it is a deeply Christian poem but also harshly criticizes some church officials
What English weapon provided an advantage against the mounted French Knights in the battles of Poitiers and Agincourt
longbow
How did the closings of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women
marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women
How did the cannon affect the power of monarchies
only central governments could afford cannons, enhancing the military power of the central states over its nobility
Confraternities were part of a movement in which
payment and laywomen increasingly took control of parish affairs
Which of the following groups joined in the Jacquerie rebellion in France, killing nobles and destroying noble property
peasants and small merchants
Why did a unified Italian state fail to develop in the 15th century
political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state
The Tudor Henry VII of England won broad, popular support by
promoting peace and social order and the local level
According to Machiavelli, government should be judged on whether it
provided order, security, and safety to the populace
Martin Luther's first response to the Peasants' War was to
side with the peasants
The religious life of Bridget of Sweden demonstrates that
some expressions of piety and religious devotion included mystical experiences.
The spanish inquisition was an attempt to
target Jewish converts to Christianity who were believed to continue Jewish religious practice
What characteristic distinguished the English Parliament from other representative assemblies
the frequency of the English Parliament's meetings established the sense and expectation that its authorization was required for certain types of legislation
Which characteristic distinguished the English Parliament from other representative assemblies
the frequency of the English Parliament's meetings established the sense and expectation that its authorization was required for certain types of legislation
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on all of the following issues except
the immortality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
Which of the following characterizes the inter REF: section of the hierarchies of wealth and orders in the Renaissance
the nobility retained its status by taking in and integrating the new social elite of wealth
according to the text, Thomas More's Utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted that
the problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government
Which of the following was characteristic of the rebellions that swept across Europe in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries
they involved both rural and urban laboring people
What were the achievements of the Avignon popes before the Great Schism
they reformed the financial administration of the church and centralized its government
Who benefited from the black death
workers: those who survived demanded high wages after the black death, increasing the standard of living for the broad mass of people
In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent
x reinforcing the power of monarchs x recognizing bishops as completely independent of secular rulers
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
Prevent Charles V from increasing his power
What French word was coined by historian Giorgio Vasari to describe the "rebirth" of the culture of classical antiquity
Renaissance
How did the choice to embrace or reject the Reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?
The political leaders of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community
What new religious order for women emerged in the 16th century
Ursuline order
What was the Star Chamber
a court that dealt with noble threats to royal power in England
The dissolution of the English monasteries
resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
What was theologian John Wyclif's main argument
scripture alone should determine church belief and practice
The Concordat of Bologna, between Francis I of France and Pope Leo X, gave the French monarch the authority to
select bishops and abbots
The concordat of Bologana, between Francis I of France and Pope Leo X, gave the French monarch the authority to
select bishops and abbots
What was the basis of financial support for the evolution of the renaissance artists
the patronage of wealthy individuals and rulers
How did the flagellants respond to the Black Death
they whipped and scourged their bodies as penance, believing that the Black Death was God's punishment for humanity's wickedness
The highly infectious nature of the plague was enhanced by
urban congestion and lack of sanitation
During the Hundred Year's War, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latter
wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts
In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that
women's sphere of activity was private and domestic
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the
Hasburg-Valois Wars
What is the name given to French Protestants
Huguenots
How did Pico della Mirandola understand the uniqueness of humankind
Humans, lacking a fixed placed, were the one part of the created world that could freely choose to rise to the heavens or sink into the realm of animals
The spanish converses were which of the following
Jewish christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business
How did minority groups suffer during the subsistence crises of the fourteenth century
Jews and lepers were accused of poisoning wells to kill Christians, and, as a result, many were killed, beaten, or heavily fined
Who was the most prominent metal smith who helped develop metal movable print
Johann Gutenberg
What was the cause of the Hundred Year's War between England and France
King Philip VI of France's seizure of Aquitaine
What were Lutheran and Calivnist attitudes toward secular rulers
Lutherans taught respect for authority while calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly
