WHAP Test 2
The table best supports which of the following conclusions about Japanese trade in the seventeenth century?
Japanese imports of foreign goods were funded primarily by the export of precious metals.
Which of the following best characterizes world trade in the period 1450 to 1750 ?
The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver.
In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes?
The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar
Which of the following best explains the relative volume of trade to different destinations as shown on the map?
The increasing demand for labor on cash crop plantations
In the three centuries after Columbus' voyages, most of the people who came to the Western Hemisphere originated in which of the following regions?
Western Africa
Which of the following best describes patriarchal gender systems?
Women are inferiors and must be protected by men.
Which of the following best describes the Mughal Empire?
A system in which an Islamic minority ruled over a Hindu majority
The sketch shows the artist's son Johnny and Flora, an enslaved Indonesian household servant. The domestic labor of the enslaved woman in the sketch is most similar to the predominant form of slavery in which of the following regions?
Africa
All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT
African monetary systems
"Let the blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad and his companions universally. In the year 1640 C.E. I wanted to behold the mystics of every sect, to hear the lofty expressions of monotheism, and to cast my eyes upon many books of mysticism. I, therefore, examined the Book of Moses, the Gospels, and the Psalms. Among the Hindus, the best of their heavenly books, which contain all the secrets of pure monotheism, are called the Upanishads. Because I do not know Sanskrit, I wanted to make an exact and literal translation of the Upanishads into Persian*. For the Upanishads are a treasure of monotheism and there are few thoroughly conversant with them even among the Indians. Thereby I also wanted to make the texts accessible to Muslims. I assembled Hindu scholars and ascetics to help with the translation. Every sublime topic that I had desired or thought and had looked for and not found, I obtained from these most ancient books, the source and the fountainhead of the ocean of religious unity, in conformity with the holy Qur'an." *Persian was the primary language used at the Mughal court. Dara Shikoh, son of the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan, account of the translation of the Upanishads into Persian, 1657 C.E. Dara Shikoh's intellectual collaborations as described in the passage are most consistent with which of the following policies of imperial states such as the Mughal Empire in the period 1450 to 1750 C.E.?
Attempting to build support for imperial rule by accommodating religious and ethnic diversity
In the period 1450—1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?
Cash crops such as sugar and tobacco
Which of the following most clearly differentiates the sixteenth century from the previous period in world history?
Extension of sugar production to the Americas
In the period 1550-1750, most of the world's ten largest cities were located in which of the following regions?
East Asia
Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?
Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.
Which of the following is most likely to have influenced eighteenth-century population trends in both Europe and China?
Introduction of Western Hemisphere crops
The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible. Which of the following is an illustration of this world economy theory?
Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items.
The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible. Which of the following would complicate generalizations made from this world economy theory?
Strong governments in the slave-exporting regions of West Africa
Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market?
Sugar and tobacco
The trade illustrated by the map contributed most directly to which of the following?
The Haitian Revolution
Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?
The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.
"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away. The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover mines and to claim silver, told him: 'If you so desire this substance, I will take you where you can fill your hands and satisfy your greed with it.' The city houses at least 600 White residents, and most of them are Spaniards. There are about 800 Black slaves and mulattoes*. There are about 1,500 Indians in the work gangs who labor in all types of occupations in the mines." Alonso de la Mota y Escobar, Bishop of Guadalajara, Mexico, geographical treatise, 1605 *a person of mixed European and African ancestry The economic activities described in the passage contributed most directly to which of the following?
The emergence of the first truly global exchange networks
Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450 to 1750?
The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China
"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away. The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover mines and to claim silver, told him: 'If you so desire this substance, I will take you where you can fill your hands and satisfy your greed with it.' The city houses at least 600 White residents, and most of them are Spaniards. There are about 800 Black slaves and mulattoes*. There are about 1,500 Indians in the work gangs who labor in all types of occupations in the mines." Alonso de la Mota y Escobar, Bishop of Guadalajara, Mexico, geographical treatise, 1605 *a person of mixed European and African ancestry Based on the passage, it could be inferred that the high prices of firewood in seventeenth-century Zacatecas were a result of which of the following processes?
The introduction of European practices of resource extraction
All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT
air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels
Before 1700, Spain governed its American colonies through a system of
appointed administrators
Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by
coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements
Most agricultural laborers in the Ottoman Empire were
free peasants
Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean because
large profits could be made from products like sugar, coffee, and pepper
Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) primarily because they
needed to resolve their territorial disputes after the discovery of ocean routes to the Americas and the Indian Ocean
All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population from 1750 through 1900 EXCEPT
new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution
The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the
opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico
The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of
sugar
The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial economies in
the Caribbean and Brazil
Under the Japanese system of feudalism after 1600, the emperor served as the symbol of authority while real power was held by
the shogun
Which of the following characterized economic systems in Latin America and in Southeast Asia during the sixteenth century?
Both incorporated forced labor.
The Columbian Exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450-1750?
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere
Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the Columbian Exchange?
African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere
"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away. The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover mines and to claim silver, told him: 'If you so desire this substance, I will take you where you can fill your hands and satisfy your greed with it.' The city houses at least 600 White residents, and most of them are Spaniards. There are about 800 Black slaves and mulattoes*. There are about 1,500 Indians in the work gangs who labor in all types of occupations in the mines." Alonso de la Mota y Escobar, Bishop of Guadalajara, Mexico, geographical treatise, 1605 *a person of mixed European and African ancestry Based on the description of the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the second paragraph, which of the following conclusions about Mota y Escobar is best supported?
He was critical of the motivations of the Spanish conquistadors.
Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?
Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology
"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away. The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover mines and to claim silver, told him: 'If you so desire this substance, I will take you where you can fill your hands and satisfy your greed with it.' The city houses at least 600 White residents, and most of them are Spaniards. There are about 800 Black slaves and mulattoes*. There are about 1,500 Indians in the work gangs who labor in all types of occupations in the mines." Alonso de la Mota y Escobar, Bishop of Guadalajara, Mexico, geographical treatise, 1605 *a person of mixed European and African ancestry A historian could best use the passage as evidence for which of the following?
The creation of a new political and economic elite in the immediate aftermath of the European conquest
"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away. The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover mines and to claim silver, told him: 'If you so desire this substance, I will take you where you can fill your hands and satisfy your greed with it.' The city houses at least 600 White residents, and most of them are Spaniards. There are about 800 Black slaves and mulattoes*. There are about 1,500 Indians in the work gangs who labor in all types of occupations in the mines." Alonso de la Mota y Escobar, Bishop of Guadalajara, Mexico, geographical treatise, 1605 *a person of mixed European and African ancestry The ethnic makeup of Zacatecas, as described in the passage, can best be used as evidence of which of the following?
The dependence of colonial economies on coerced labor
The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible. Which of the following would illustrate an objection to this world economic theory?
The development of manufacturing in colonial Latin America
Which of the following describes the effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late nineteenth century?
There continued to be discrimination on the basis of all three factors.
During the period 1600—1800, the leaders of China, Korea, and Japan all had policies that
regulated interactions with foreigners
"Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms." © Basil Davidson, trans., [ital] The African Past[roman] (Curtis Brown, Ltd., 1964) The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch form a king located
on the western coast of Africa
