World Art III Exam 3

The political and economic crisis in America during the late 1920s and early 1930s gave rise to an increase in nationalism and a renewed interest in social and political narrative in art, as it did in Europe. •Ab Ex artists made monumentally scaled works that stood as reflections of their individual psyches—and in doing so, attempted to tap into universal inner sources. •They valued spontaneity and improvisation, and they accorded the highest importance to process. Their work resists stylistic categorization, but it can be clustered around two basic inclinations: an emphasis on dynamic, energetic gesture, in contrast to a reflective, cerebral focus on more open fields of color. •In either case, the imagery was primarily abstract. Even when depicting images based on visual realities, the Abstract Expressionists favored a highly abstracted mode.

Abstract Expressionism

Artists depicted scenes of typical American life and landscape-relatively naturalistic descriptive style, more positive and idealized, rejected styles and theories of modern art to embrace techniques and stories that were more connected to an American Folk tradition

American Regionalism

Umbrella term for a lot of tiny movements that came up in America Got its name from people who "didn't like what was happening in the 'American Scene'"

American Scene Painting

Gave gallery space to Rothko, Pollock, Still, Uptown group-most famous abstract expressionist in 1940-1960 Most of the artists that got famous

Arts of the Century Gallery, Peggy Guggenheim, 1943

a printing and photoengraving technique dating from 1879. It is named after illustrator and printer Benjamin Henry Day Jr. Commonly appears as dots, but other shapes may be used like parallel and and waved lines Lichtenstein enlarged and exaggerated the Ben Day dots in his works

Ben Day Process

Still, PH-247, 1951 showing a field of color, used broad, field of color with little breaks

Black with some lines

Combined consumer culture into his own sculptures. Soft sculptures of everyday objects, large replicas of everyday objects

Claes Oldenburg

A European avant-garde movement active after World War II, 1948-51 Name CoBrA derives from first letters of three cities where the founding members lived: Copenhagen, Brussels, Amsterdam. Artists welcomed the coincidental reference to the Cobra snake, because animal imagery was common in their paintings. Criticized capitalist production and consumption. They explored the elements and strategies of folk art, children's art, and art from Africa and the Pacific islands. Often characterized by bold color and spontaneous brushwork that evoked the brutal nature of the social conditions of the time. Interested in the surrealist idea of automatism.

CoBrA

Merging features of painting and sculpture. "I consider the text of a newspaper, the detail of photograph, the stitch in a baseball, and the filament in a light bulb as fundamental to the painting as brush stroke or enamel drip of paint." Johns coined the term "combine" describing the works as painting playing the game of sculpture."

Combined Painting

Oldenburg and Bruggen, Broom and Pan with Sweepings, 1998

Denver Art Museum

An artwork consisting of two painted or carved panels. In Medieval and renaissance Europe, the panels were often hinged so that they could be closed and the artworks protected, Altar pieces, paintings placed on or behind the alter of a christian church as a focus for worship are often in diptych or tryptch form. The panels shown related scenes, often Jesus and Mary

Diptych

Using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added. The liquid or paste is the applied to a surface-usually prepared wood or canvas.

Encaustic Painting

Both studied under Benton, bold colors, urban landscape, curvilinear, idealized in beginning

Jackson Pollock

Raised in South Carolina, moved to New York in 1948, Served for two years in the army during the Korean War, Stationed in South Carolina and Sendai, Japan. Returned to New York in 1953 Became friends with the artist Robert Rauschenberg. John's work of the mid-to late 1950s invented a new style that was the harbinger of subsequent art movements; pop minimal, and conceptual Art. Johns work is antithetical to Abstract Expressionism. It reflects conscious control rather than spontaneity. Used quotidian imagery in the mid to late 1950s. Familiar icons; flags targets, stenciled numbers, ale cans, and slightly later maps of the us. The imagery derives from " things the mind already knows"

Jasper Johns

joined national academy of design, worked in cubist form with Hans Hoffman, Would cut up drawings and reuse them

Lee Krasner

Called for the use of simple forms that could be grasped intuitively by the viewer. Argued that the interpretation of Minimalism works was dependent on the context and conditions in which they were perceived

Notes on Sculpture Essay Morris

Emerged in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in America and the Britain. Responded to popular and commercial culture. Started in London in the mind-1950s with the Independent Group of artists and intellectuals. They were fascinated by the impact of American mass media on British Life. Reached it's fullest development in the United States in the 1950s-60s, It was an expression of the optimistic spirit of the 1960s that began with the election of John F. Kennedy and ended at the height of the Vietnam War. It viewed commercial culture as its raw material, a source for pictorial subjects.

Pop Art

a puzzle device which combines the use of illustrated pictures with individual letters to depict words and or phrases.

Rebus

Sub-movement in American Scene Painting Artists chose to portray American rural life, what it means to be an American artists in America

Regionalism

Wanted to discover whether an artwork could be produced produced entirely through erasure-an act focused on the removal of marks rather than their accumulation

Robert Rauschenberg

Cheap industrial method in which a fine mesh fabric screen is used as a printing stencil. This technique allowed Warhol to produce his painting through a mechanical process that paralleled his use of mass culture subjects.

Silkscreen

Sub-movement in American Scene Painting Artists chose to showcase economic problems present at the time

Social Realism

a movement that flourished between the two world wars in response to the social and political turmoil and hardships of the period. They aimed to call attention to the declining conditions of the poor and working classes, and to challenge the governmental and social systems they held responsible.

Social Realism

Defined the aesthetics of Minimalism, Rejected the name minimalism to characterize the art and preferred the term specific objects Objects that are somewhere between painting and sculpture, but neither one nor the other

Specific Objects Essay Judd

Consisted of uniform repeated units that rejected hierarchical composition, activated negative space, and seemed to combine painting, sculpture, and architecture

Stack

An attempt to create jobs after the Great Depression his the USA in 1929 Program paid artists daily wages for public art. Most easel painters, sculptors, and graphic artists worked at home, muralists and poster artists labored in the field or in project workshops

Works Progress Administration