9B Mitosis and Meiosis Amplifier

__________ are a group of genetically identical individuals produced by a process called __________.

Clones; asexual reproduction

In humans, which create cells with homologous chromosomes?

Mitosis Fertilization

Which of the following is a function of mitosis in humans?

Multiplication of body cells

How many genes are present in the human genome?

Tens of thousands

Genetic diversity requires __________.

sexual reproduction, independent assortment, crossing over between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, and random fertilization

A haploid set of unreplicated chromosomes (n = 3) of the mosquito Aedes aegypti has a mass of 1.5 pg. What is the mass of DNA in a single Aedes aegypti cell at the end of telophase II?

1.5 pg

Assume that the image below is a karyotype for a particular organism. What is the karyotype?

2n=16 2n=20

A haploid set of unreplicated chromosomes (n = 3) of the mosquito Aedes aegypti has a mass of 1.5 pg. What is the mass of DNA in a single Aedes aegypti cell in prophase II?

3 pg

The egg (ovum) of a rabbit contains 22 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the somatic (body) cells of a rabbit?

44

A haploid set of unreplicated chromosomes (n = 3) of the mosquito Aedes aegypti has a mass of 1.5 pg. What is the mass of DNA in a single Aedes aegypti cell in prophase I?

6 pg

When nutrients are low, cells of the budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) exit the mitotic cell cycle and enter meiosis. Researchers grew a culture of yeast cells in a nutrient-rich medium and then transferred them to a nutrient-poor medium to induce meiosis. Most of the yeast cells in the culture were in G1 of the cell cycle before being moved to the nutrient-poor medium to induce meiosis. At different times after induction, the DNA content per cell was measured in a sample of the cells, and the average DNA content per cell was recorded in femtograms (fg; 1 femtogram = 1 × 10-15 gram). The data are shown in the table below.

DNA doubles during the S phase. There are 48 fg of DNA in the yeast cell at G2. There will be 24 fg of DNA in the zygote. There are 24 fg of DNA in the yeast cell at G1. There are 24 fg of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis I. There are 12 fg of DNA in a cell at the end of meiosis II.

Regarding the role of cohesin protein in maintaining cohesion between sister chromatids, which of the following statements is false?

During meiosis II, cohesion holds sister chromatids together along their lengths as the second meiotic spindle forms.

What is the result when a diploid cell undergoes meiosis?

Four haploid cells

Which of the following occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis?

Homologous chromosomes separate.

Regarding meiosis I, which are correct?

Independent assortment means there is a 50% chance that a daughter cell will get the maternal chromosome of a certain homologous pair and a 50% chance that it will get the paternal chromosome. Crossing over occurs during Prophase I. Crossing over means a paternal chromatid is joined to a piece of maternal chromatid beyond the crossover point, and vice versa. Independent assortment is effected by the spindle. Crossing over is effected by the synaptonemal complex. Independent assortment ocurrs at metaphase I.

What is a locus?

The precise location of a gene on a chromosome.

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

They have genes for the same traits at the same loci.

Somatic cells in animals differ from gametes in that somatic cells __________.

are all of the cells of the body except for the gametes and their precursors

Sister chromatids differ from nonsister chromatids in that sister chromatids __________.

are products of the S phase of the cell cycle and are two copies of one chromosome

A clone is the product of __________.

asexual reproduction and mitosis

Somatic cells in humans differs from gametes in that human somatic cells __________.

contain two sets of each of the 23 chromosome types

Regardless of whether an organism is an animal, a plant, a fungus, or an algal cell, all zygotes are __________ and are formed during the __________ of two __________ gametes.

diploid; fertilization; haploid

Allelic variation is an important source of __________ in a population.

genetic diversity

A pair of genetic structures carrying genes that control the same inherited characters are called __________.

homologous chromosomes

The major contribution of sex to evolution is that __________.

it provides a method to increase genetic variation

The metaphases of different human cell division processes are shown. Which of these processes produce haploid cells?

joining together two blue on top and one red

The process called __________ reduces the chromosome number by __________.

meiosis; two consecutive cell divisions

In meiosis, __________ of __________ cross over and form __________.

nonsister chromatids; homologous pairs; chiasmata

The zipper-like complex that forms in meiosis occurs during __________ and is called the __________.

prophase I; synaptonemal complex

Match the type of division with the image of its metaphase.

starting to come together- meiosis 1 blue on top red on bottom- meisosis 2 in line - mitosis

The mosquito Aedes aegypti has a karyotype of 2n = 6. Which diagram shows this?

two tall two medium two small

Somatic cells in humans contain __________ set(s) of chromosomes and are therefore termed __________.

two; diploid

At the end of mitosis, __________ daughter cells that are genetically __________ are formed, while at the end of meiosis, __________ daughter cells that are genetically __________ are formed.

two; identical; four; distinct