AP GOV 4
Explain how the government has responded to social movements
can respond to social movements through court rulings and policies like Brown V Board, civil rights act of 1964, title 9 of the education amendment, voting rights act of 1965
Engel V Vitale (1962)
declared school sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause
Brown V Board of Education (1954)
declared that race based school segregation violates the 14th amendments equal protection clause
First amendment
establishment clause and free exercise clause, reflect an ongoing debate over balancing majoritarian religions practice and free exercise, as represented by cases Engel V Vitale and Wisconsin V Yoder
Roe V Wade (1973)
extended the right of privacy to a womans decision to have an abortion while recognizing compelling state interests in potential life and maternal health RIGHT TO PRIVACY CASE
Gideon V Wainwright (1963)
guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case DUE PROCESS CLAUSE CASE
Wisconsin V Yoder (1972)
held that compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause
affirmative action
includes justices who insist that the constitution is colorblind to those who maintain that it forbids only racial classifications designed to harm minorities, not help them
Right to privacy
not explicitly named in the constitution, the supreme court has interpreted the due process clause to protect the right of privacy from state infringement.
exclusionary rule
stipulates that evidence illegally seized by law enforcement officers in violation of the suspects 14th amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures cannot be used against that suspect in criminal prosecution
New York Times V US (1971)
supreme court bolstered the freedom of the press, establishing a heavy presumption against prior restraint even in cases involving national security
Explain how the US constitution protects individual liberties and rights
the US constitution includes a Bill of Rights specifically designed to protect individual liberties and rights
Application of bill of rights
the application is constantly interpreted by the courts
separate but equal doctrine
the doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities
Efforts to balance social order and individual freedom are relected in interpretations of the First Amendment that limit speech inlcuding
time, place, and manner regulations defamatory, offensive, and obscene statements and gestures that which creates a clear and present danger based on the ruling in Schneck V US
Civil rights
protect individuals from discrimination based on characters such as race, national origin, religion, and sex; these rights are guaranteed to all citizens under the due process and equal protection clauses of the US constitution, as well as acts of congress
Explain the extent to which states are limited by the due process clause from infringing upon individual rights
right to privacy, Roe V Wade
Mcdonald V Chicago (2010)
ruled the second amendments rights to keep and bear arms for self defense in ones home is applicable to the states throughout the 14th amendment
Due Process Clause
14th amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
equal protection clause
Constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally-14th amendment. Civil, womens, and LGBTQ+ rights are all evidence of how the equal protection clause can support and motivate social movements
debate over 2nd and 4th amendment
involves concerns about public safety and whether or not the government regulation of firearms or collection of digital metadata promotes or interferes with public safety and individual rights
explain how constitutional provisions have supported and motivated social movements
civil rights, due process clause, womens rights, LGBTQ rights
Bill of Rights
consists of the first 10 amendments to the constitution, which enumerate the liberties and rights of individuals
Civil Liberties
constitutionally established guarantees and freedoms that protect citizens, opinions, and property against arbitrary government interferences
How did the supreme court attempt to balance claims of individual freedom with laws and encforcement procedures to promote public order and safety?
court decisions defining cruel and unusual punishment involve interpretation of the 8th amendment and its application to state death penalty statues over time
Tinker V Des Moines (1972)
court ruled that public school students could wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War
Explain how the supreme court has at times allowed the restriction of the civil rights of minority groups and at other times has protected those rights
decisions demonstrating that minority right have been restricted at times and protected at other times