DHN Exam 2 questions (ch. 6,7,8)

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

True

True or False: Consuming excessive amounts of carbohydrates can lead to increased accumulation of body fat.

True

True or False: The human body can withstand short-term fasting, because the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles can be used as a source of energy.

True

True or False: A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol, which acts as a backbone for their attachment.

False

True or False: Cocoa butter is a poor source of saturated fat.

True

True or False: Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen.

True

True or False: Glucogenic amino acids, through metabolic pathways, are broken down into pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle.

True

True or False: High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.

False

True or False: Human cells can convert acetyl CoA into pyruvate.

True

True or False: If Kara's body weight is 120 pounds, her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.

True

True or False: Ketogenic amino acids are amino acids that enter the catabolic pathways as acetyl CoA.

False

True or False: Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids.

False

True or False: Lipogenesis uses the same enzymes and metabolic pathways as beta-oxidation.

True

True or False: Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol, and as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

True

True or False: Starvation is a highly catabolic state characterized by gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and ketogenesis.

False

True or False: Steatorrhea is a surgical procedure to remove a diseased gallbladder.

True

True or False: The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol.

True

True or False: The higher the number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid, the higher the number of acetyl CoA produced via beta-oxidation.

True

True or False: When a person consumes more protein than needed, the excess amino acids can be converted into glucose or fat.

True

True or false: Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup.

Egg Yolks

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add _____ and stir the ingredients together. -Egg yolks -Fruit juice -High-fructose corn syrup -Whey protein

2

What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?

Denaturation

_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

Linoleic

___________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

Cirrhosis of the liver

___________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage. -Type 2 diabetes -Metabolic syndrome -BAC -Cirrhosis of the liver

Glycogenolysis

___________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules.

Beta-oxidation

____________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria. -Beta-oxidation -Glycogenesis -Glycogenolysis -Ketogenesis

Gastric alcohol dehydrogenase

______________ is an enzyme that detoxifies alcohol in the stomach.

Ketogenesis

______________ is the formation of ketone bodies in liver cells from the excess of acetyl CoA produced. -Ketone diet -Ketogenesis -Beta-oxidation -Ketoacidosis

Glycogenesis

_______________ is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen. -Lipogenesis -Glycolysis -Gluconeogenesis -Glycogenesis

Has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule _____________. -Has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol -Is comprised of glucose units -Has nitrogen in its chemical structure -Provides more energy

Anaphylaxis

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result. -Anaphylaxis -Cirrhosis -Fibrosis -Torticollis

20-35

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise _____% of his total energy intake each day.

Stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestines.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that _____.

Disoriented

Sara has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.18. At this BAC, you would expect her to be _____________. -light-headed -in a stupor -disoriented -in a coma

200

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.

Chemical pathways

Series of specific chemical reactions in the cell are known as__________. -chemical transformations -transformative changes -energy expenditures -chemical pathways

Stimulate red blood cell production.

Subcutaneous fat does not _____. -Insulate the body against cold --Temperatures -Store energy -Protect against minor bruising -Stimulate red blood cell production

thyroid

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

Steroid hormones

The body uses cholesterol to make _____. -Steroid hormones -Vitamin A -Fatty Acids -Water

Certain hormones

The body uses proteins to make _____________. -Calcium carbonate -Magnesium ions -Trans fats -Certain hormones

Coenzymes

The organic cofactors that help enzymes catalyze reactions are called __________.

Triglyceride storage

The primary function of adipocytes is ______________. -Triglyceride storage -Glucose storage -Protein synthesis -Glycogen synthesis

Lipoprotein

A chylomicron is a type of _____.

Aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell.

A large quantity of ATP molecules is produced during ___________. -Aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell -Anaerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell -Both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism -Aerobic metabolism when there isn't sufficient oxygen present in the cell

Fatty Acid

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) _____.

Phospholipid

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information the compound is a(n)__________.

Have a lipoprotein profile preformed on a sample of blood.

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should _____. -Have a chest x-ray -Have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of blood. -Undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart. -Test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids.

insulin

All the following hormones promote catabolic pathways EXCEPT ____________. -insulin -glucagon -cortisol -epinephrine

250

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than _____________ kcal/day.

Fatty Acid Group

An amino acid does NOT contain a(n) _____________. -Amino group -Carbon skeleton -Acid group -Fatty acid group

Become more physically Active.

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should _____. -Consume more saturated fat -Become more physically active -Gain some body weight -Smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes a day.

Linoleic

_____ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

Is less likely to undergo oxidation.

Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid _____. -Contains no double bonds -Has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight -Is less likely to undergo oxidation -Is comprised of glucose molecules

Dehydration

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to _____________. -Stroke -Coronary artery disease -Arthritis -Dehydration

Baked potatoes

Dallas, a healthy, active teenager, was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old. In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine, which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely? -Lean hamburger -Fat-free milk -Baked potatoes -Fried fish

Less beef

Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating _____. -Fewer fruits and vegetables -More partially-hydrogenated fats -More coconut oil -Less beef

The capacity to preform work.

Energy is defined as____________.

Cheese

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? -Chicken -Eggs -Cheese -Fish

Provide insulation against cold temperatures

In the body, lipids _____. -Are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber -Are needed for proper cholesterol digestion -Stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals -Provide insulation against cold temperatures

Hydrochloric acid and Pepsin

In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. -Hydrochloric acid and pepsin -Mucus and cholecystokinin -Pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor -Gastric lipase and intrinsic factor

Positive

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ____ nitrogen balance. -Positive -Activated -Anverted -Negative

Heavy Drinker

John has 3 alcoholic drinks per day, he is classified as a ______________. -Binge drinker -Moderate drinker -Heavy drinker -Light drinker

Increase his legumes and nuts intake

John's blood test results indicate that his LDL-cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following actions would a registerd dietitian recommend to him? -Take a broad spectrum antibiotic -Increase his legumes and nuts intake -Increase his egg yolk intake -Prescribe an antiviral treatment

She has hyperglycemia, which results in ketosis as her body catabolizes an excessive amount of fatty acids.

Karen has type 1 diabetes, and she often forgets to administer insulin to herself. Why does her breath usually have a fruity odor? -She has hyperglycemia, which results in ketosis as her body catabolizes an excessive amount of fatty acids. -Her liver synthesizes too much bile, which is blocking her bile duct and interfering with fatty acid digestion. -An excessive amount of glucose has accumulated on her teeth, which eventually contributes to dental decay and "bad breath." -Her diabetic condition causes fermentation in her small intestine, which results in faulty digestion of certain kinds of fruit.

180 to 630 kcal/day

Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake?

Corn Oil

Layla loves to cook, but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on this information, which of the following ingredients should she select? -Corn oil -Butter -Coconut oil -Lard

Fatty Acid

Lecithin is a type of _____.

10-25

Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake.

Owens fat intake is within the AMDR.

Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day. On average, his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Owen's diet? -Owen's fat intake is within the AMDR. -Owen's fat intake is not high enough to support good health. -Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids. -Owen's fat intake is too high.

Reduce his lipid intake

Paul just had a cholecystectomy; which of the following dietary modifications does he need to implement? -Reduce his lipid intake -Maintain a high-fat diet -Increase his salt consumption -Increase his carbohydrate intake

10 ounces of red wine

Which of the following alcohol-containing beverages contains approximately the same amount of alcohol that is in two 12-ounce bottles of beer? -3 ounces of white wine -1 ounce of vodka -5 ounces of whiskey -10 ounces of red wine

Vitamin D intake

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? -Low body fat -Male sex -Vitamin D intake -Household income

Electron Transport Chain

Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules? -Glycolysis -Citric acid cycle -Electron chain transport -Fermentation

Acetyl CoA

Which of the following compounds enters the citric acid cycle? -Cytochrome C -Acetyl CoA -Glucose -Pyruvate

Roast Pork

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? -White potato -Ripe banana -Roast pork -Green beans

Carrots and Celery

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses? -Wheat and shellfish -Peanuts and other nuts -Carrots and celery -Fish and shellfish

Flaxseeds

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? -Leaf lettuce -Apples -Flaxseeds -Fat-free milk

Peanut butter on crackers

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein? -Slice of American cheese -½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks -Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots -Peanut butter on crackers

8 ounces glass of soy milk

Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? -1 ounce of baby carrots -8 ounce glass of soy milk -½ cup of watermelon chunks -6 whole-wheat crackers

Canola Oil

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids? -Green beans -Baked chicken -Corn oil -Canola oil

Corn Oil

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? -Raw carrots -Ground beef -Corn oil -Whole milk

Whole milk

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol? -Coconut oil -Margarine -Peanut butter -Whole milk

Fat-free Milk

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? -Soybean oil -Avocado with leafy greens salad -Fat-free milk -Sesame seed crackers

Crab

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? -Sunflower seeds -Blueberries -Crab -Wine

Cortisol

Which of the following hormones increases gluconeogenesis in the liver? -Cortisol -Cholecystokinin -Insulin -Gastrin

Hypertension

Which of the following increases a person's risk for CVD? -Asian ancestry -Female sex -Hypertension -Low body wieght

Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes.

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein? -Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes -Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter -Kidney beans mixed with rice -Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas

Liver

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts? -Brain -Esophagus -Liver -Thyroid

Coconut oil

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon? -Coconut oil -Canola oil -Safflower oil -Walnut oil

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

Which of the following statements is true? -Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream. -All hormones are proteins. -Protein is the primary energy source for the human body. -Proteins are a major component of starch molecules.

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following statements is true? -Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. -Fat contributes to the flavor of foods. -Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel." -Food fat is not a source of essential nutrients.

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.

Which of the following statements is true? -Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells. -High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. -Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup. -A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.

The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

Which of the following statements is true? -Hydrolyzed HDL is a toxic lipoprotein that contributes to cardiovascular disease. -All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy, because they increase the risk of diabetes. -The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque. -VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.

HDL

Which of the following substances carries Cholesterol away from tissue? -Insoluble Fiber -HDL -LDL -Insulin

Trypsin

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? -Cholecystokinin -Trypsin -Bile -Amylase

Docosahexaenoic

_____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Chapter 21- Gynecologic Emergencies & Chapter 31- Obstetrics and Neonatal Care

View Set

Introduction to Business - Final

View Set

Network+ Guide to Networks 7th ed. Quiz Ch. 10

View Set