Elements and Chemical Bonds Packet

Atoms gain or lose valence electrons until they have the same number of valence electrons as the closest atmospheric gas

False; Atoms gain or lose valence electrons until their valence shell has 8 electrons

NaCl dissolves easily in water and has a low boiling point.

False; NaCl dissolves easily in water, and has a high boiling point.

When _________ join in this way, their_____ become ____.

electrons, atoms, ons

To become stable, chlorine has to ____ a valence electron.

gain

When forming a chemical compound , the nonmetal atoms ____ the electrons ____ by the metal atoms.

gain, lost

Ionic compounds are ____ conductors of electricity because electric charge passes easily from one ion to another

good

Metals are ____ conductors of electricity because their valence electrons can easily move from ion to ion, transferring electric charge

good

Ionic compounds usually have ____ melting points and boiling points

high

A(n) ___ is an atom that is no longer electrically neutral because it has lost or gained one or more valence electrons.

ion

What happens when sodium and chlorine combine?

They form an ionic bond called sodium chloride.

How do metal atoms bond with one another?

They pool valence electrons.

The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic compound is a(n) _____ ____.

ionic bond

The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in a(n) _____ ________ is an ionic bond

ionic compound

In contrast, _____ compounds are composed of a large collection of __________ _______ ____, all of which attract each other and are held together by _____ bonds.

ionic, positively charged ions, ionic

One common _____ compound is NaCl, also known as _____ ____

ionic, table salt

Due to the change in the number of electrons, the metal and nonmetal atoms both become ____.

ions

To become stable , sodium has to ____ a valence electron

lose

A(n) ________ ____ is a bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons

metallic bond

Metal atoms form compounds with other ______ by combining, or pooling, their valence electrons.

metals

The bondings of ______ and _________ does not involve the _______ of electron

metals, nonmetals, sharing

Covalent compounds are made up of many _________

molecules

What would an ion's charge be if the atoms gained two electrons?

-2

Fill in the organizer below:

1) Covalent 2) Metallic 3) Share 4) Transfer 5) Pool

The radius of an oxygen atom is 73 pm. The radius of an oxygen ion is 140 pm. By what percentage does the radius charge?

91.8%

Review the terms and their definition in the Mini Glossary. Describe the difference between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged particle

A positively charged ion has lost electrons, but a negatively charged ion has gained electrons

Losing electrons can make some atoms more chemically stable.

Agree

Why does an atom that gains an electron become an ion with a negative charge

Because electrons are negative, so if you add one, you add -1, which makes the charge negative.

Poor conductor of electricity in any form

Covalent and ionic compound

Between nonmetals

Covalent bonding

Forms molecules

Covalent bonding

Polar and nonpolar arrangements

Covalent bonding

Shared electron pairs

Covalent bonding

Single, double, or triple bonds

Covalent bonding

Low melting and boiling points

Covalent compound

Usually gases or liquids at room temperature

Covalent compound

What form do ionic compounds have when they are solid

Crystals

Metals are good electrical conductors because they tend to hold onto their valence electrons very tightly.

Disagree

Why are metals shiny?

Free electrons in metals vibrate when light strikes them, thereby re-emitting the light as reflected light.

Are the atoms of a group 16 element more likely to gain or lose valence electrons?

Gain

Electrically charged but stable atoms

Ionic

_____ compounds are soluble in water

Ionic

Between metals and nonmetals

Ionic bonding

Transferred electrons

Ionic bonding

What holds ionic compounds together?

Ionic bonds

Dissolves easily in water

Ionic compound

Usually a solid or solid crystals at room temperature

Ionic compound

High melting and boiling points

Ionic compound and Metal

Good conductor of heat and electricity

Metal

The _____ atom transfers one or more valence electrons to the ________ atom, forming a chemically stable compound.

Metal, nonmetal

A "sea of electrons" is in ________ bonding

Metallic

A "sea of electrons"

Metallic bonding

Between metal atoms

Metallic bonding

Electrons moving freely among atoms

Metallic bonding

Pooled electrons

Metallic bonding

An atom that gains one or more valence electrons becomes an ion with a(n) ________ charge.

Negative

An atom that loses one or more valence electrons becomes an ion with a(n) ________ charge.

Positive

What is ionic bonding?

The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in an ionic compound

What is metallic bonding?

The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

Why are ionic compounds usually solid and brittle at room temperature?

The ions of ionic compounds are strongly attracted to each other.

Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called ions

True

NaCl is more commonly known as table salt

True

The compound formed by the bonding of sodium and chlorine is NaCl

True

The joining of atoms by the transfer of electrons is called ionized bonding

True

When a metal and a nonmetal bond, one or more valence electrons transfers from the metal to the nonmetal atom and the atoms bond, forming a chemically stable compound

True

When a sodium atom bonds with a chlorine atom, it acquires a positive charge.

True

Metals can ______ be hammered into a sheet or drawn into a wire because the ions slide past one another through the electron pool

easily

When a chlorine atom gains a valence electron, it becomes a(n) __________ charged ion.

negatively

Atoms bond together to gain the stability of the _____ ___ that is nearest to them on the periodic table.

noble gas

When a metal and a(n) _________ bond, they do not share electrons

nonmetal

Sodium is a metal that has ___ valence electron

one

The loss of one or more electrons results in a(n) ________ charge; the gain of one or more electrons results in a(n) ________ charge

positive, negative

When a sodium atom loses a valence electron, it becomes a(n) __________ charged ion.

positively

Chlorine is a nonmetal that has _____ valence electrons.

seven

Most ionic compounds are _____ and _______ at room temperature

solid, brittle

To figure out the charge of an ion, ________ the number of electrons in the ion from the number of _______.

subtract, protons

Instead, this type of bonding is characterized by the ________ of electrons

transfer

Metals are shiny because the _______ _________ at their surface interact with light.

valence electrons

When metal atoms lose their _______ _________, they become ________ ions

valence electrons, positive