Hair and Sebaceous Glands

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Hair matrix

actively dividing area of the hair bulb that produces the hair

Hair Follicle

an accessory structure of the integument; a tube, lined by stratified squamous epithelium

Why does puberty spark an increase in acne for many?

because adrenal glands increase production of androgens, which stimulate increased secretion of sebum

What happens if sebaceous ducts become blocked?

causes inflammation and a raised "pimple"

What type of secretion mechanism releases sebum?

contraction of the arrector pili muscle

What causes the stimulation of the arrector pili muscle?

contractions by emotional status or a response to cold

Sebaceous Gland (oil gland)

discharge an oily lipid secretion into the hair follicle or, in some cases, onto the skin

What is the main cause of acne?

excess sebum and squamous epithelial cells clogging the glands

Arrector Pili Muscle

extends from papillary layer to the connective tissue sheaths. When stimulated, it pulls on the follicle, forcing the hair to stand up.

What are some influences on hair color?

genetics, hormonal and environmental factors

What are sebaceous follicles and where are they located?

large sebaceous glands that discharge sebum directly onto the skin. Located on the face, back, chest, nipples, and external genitalin

How are the amounts of estrogen or testosterone related to hair loss?

lower amounts increases hair loss

What is the role of sebum?

lubricates the hair and skin to prevent the growth of bacteria

Cuticle (the surface layer)

made up of an overlapping shingle-like layer of cells

Medulla

makes up the core of the hair

How much does hair on the scalp grow a day?

.3 mm

How many hairs a day do we lose?

20-100 hairs a day

What is the scientific name for baldness?

Androgenic alopecia

What cell layers make up the hair follicle?

Dermis and hypodermis

What type of gland is a sebaceous gland?

Exocrine Glands

How long is the growth phase? Resting Phase?

Growth: 2-6 years Resting: 2-3 months

What is a hair follicle? Where is it found?

Hair follicle is an accessory structure of the integument; a tube, lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Begins at the surface of the skin and ends at the hair papilla.

Where are the pigment producing melanocytes located to produce hair color?

Hair papilla

What are some factors that influence the appearance of hair?

Size and shape of the follicles

How is a pimple formed?

a clogged sebaceous gland draws in anaerobic bacteria that signals the immune system to trigger inflammation, and raises that area of skin

What is acne vulgaris?

a disorder of the sebaceous glands

Hair Papilla

a peg of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves

Is hair living or nonliving?

nonliving

How come elderly people have gray hair?

pigment production decreases with age

...in the nose? eyelashes? external ear?

prevents the entry of foreign particles

What are the functions of the hair on the scalp?

protect from UV light, cushion a light blow, and provide insulating benefits for the skin

Hair shaft

the part we see on the surface

Hair root

the portion that anchors the hair into the skin

Where is hair not found on the body?

the sides and soles of the feet, palms of the hands, sides of fingers and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genital organs

Cortex

the underlying layer


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