History chapter 1 test
3 parts of mercantilism
1.) finite amount of wealth 2.) a favorable balance of trade 3.) establishment of colonies
Who was the last to end slavary?
Brazil
What is a parliament?
a legislative body of government
Slavery statistics
- 12.5 million slaves were taken from Africa to the amercias - 1.4 million died on the way over - 5.8 million were taken to Brazil - only about 4-6% were taken to the colonies
What led to the revolt in the Spanish controlled Netherlands?
- Calvinists weren't happy and caused a revolution - happened during the reign of Phillip II
Who are ferdinand and islabella
- Catholic monarchs of Spain - married and caused the unification of Aragon (him) and Castile (her) -forced Jews and Moors to convert to catholicism or leave
What was the Edict of Nantes?
- Declaration of religious toleration for the french protestants (Huguenots) and gave them rights - signed by Henry IV
About Britian and Chinas porcelian
- English people were obsessed with this porcelain and bought tons of it
Geocentric theory versus heliocentric theory
- Heliocentric theory says that the sun was at the center of the universe - geocentric theory says that the Earth was the center of the universe
About "Paris is well worth a mass"
- Henry IV wanted to restore unity so he became a Roman Catholic himself because most of tye french were already
About Henry VIII
- King of England - had six wives and tried to get the first marriage annulled - first marriage was to a girl named Catherine of Aragon - Anne Boleyn was his 2nd wife and he beheaded her for treason
Who was Henry IV
- King of France - born in the UK
About Louis XIV
- King of France - called for the revocation of the edict of Nantes -reigned for a super long time absolute monarch
About the Ming Dynasty
- Longest dynasty - population doubled during this -
About safavid empire
- Safavid were shia - hated the Ottoman Empire
Who was Taizu?
- The founder of the Ming dynasty - was a beggar originally but worked his way up and eventually captured Beijing and scared the Mongols away - after this, he declared the Ming dynasty
Who is Da Vinci
- a painter during the renaissance - he's from Italy
About the African slave trade
- also called the triangular trade - sold slaves for goods, then used those goods again to buy more slaves
What is the Stono rebellion?
- biggest rebellion in the southern colonies - happened in South Carolina
About Qing Dynasty
- came after the ming dynasty - has a opium epidemic
About Matteo Ricci
- catholic jesuit priest - started the first catholic mission in China - learbed the language and was very nice (changed bread and wine into tea and rice)
About first opium war
- china had 15 million addicts - british kept senidng tons of opium, evn tho china tried banning it - war began but china was no math for britian - britian ended up taking Hong Kong, china couldnt go higher than 5% on tariffs, and they had to open more ports to trade
reasosn for the decline of habsburg rule of Spain?
- decentralized political nature - succession of weak kings
About coppernicus
- didn't believe that the earth was at the center of the universe -astrnomer - polish
About Vasco de Gama
- discovered a route by sea to India - an explorer - he was from Portugal
About Shia
- fewer of them - Safavid was shia - believes that the leader should be a boy and from the bloodline of muhammend
What was the society of Jesus?
- had followers called Jesuits -look to help others and seek God in everything - really modernized the Roman Catholic Church
About slavary in south carolina
- had more black people than white people - people on the coast spoke Gullah ( a language similar to English but with letters taken out of some of the words)
What about the Dutch's independence (1648)?
- happened during King Phillip II's ruling - military conflict between the 17provinces of the Netherlands and Spain
About Christopher Columbus
- he took four voyages - was from Italy - on the third voyage he found a continent and told Ferdinand and Isabella he never hit the United States - he wanted to be called admiral of the ocean sea - he made up the term Indians
Rennasnace characteristics
- humanism -art - science -navigation -music -religion
About Isaac Newton
- introduced the law of gravity - people originally believed it was only on earth... wrong people were searching for the law of gravity during renaissance - englishman
Who was Phillip II
- king of the Spaniards and king of the Portuguese - The Spanish empire flourished under him - from spain
About John Calvin
- lived at the same time as Martin Luther - born in France and studied law -converted to Protestantism - wrote a book titled "institutes of the Christian Reformation" - founder of "reformed christinanity
About sunni
- make up 80% of Muslims - does not believe that Muhammad picked a leader after he died.... they believe it can be anyone
What was the Iberian peninsula?
- mountainous region that separated Spain and France - moors ruled most of it
Who was Sinan?
- one of the greatest architects of the Ottoman Empire - one thing that he built was the mosque of Selim
European system of mercanitilism
- places a premium on government actions (tariffs, etc.) - opposite of the free market system
About Martin Luther
- protestant reformer - German - He became a monk and went to Rome and saw all of the indulgences going on and got angry - he nailed 95 thesis on their door - taught that salvation was through grace - got into theology -they excommunicated him - He then made a seperate church according to his teachings called the lutheran church
Characterstic of rennasance art
- realism - naturalism
What did the viceroyalities do?
- ruled over the Spanish overseas territories
What did Martin Luther believe in?
- salvation through faith - sacraments should be based on the words of Christ - Christ is the only intermediary between God and humans
About second opium war
- smuggling continued so a second opium war broke out -forces china to unban opium eventaully bristish stopped sneidng opium because they relaized what awful people they were and then the qing dynasty fell
About the Ottoman Empire
- spanned 600 years - came to end at the First World War - they were Sunnis and islamic - had a complex bureacracy - became wealthy through trade - blossomed under suleman the great
About Galileo
- supported Copernicus's idea - built a telescope and wrote a book about teh two cheif world system -persecuted for his beliefs -italian
What are the 7 sacraments of the catholic church?
- the 5 that are required... 1.) Last rights 2.) Baptism 3.) confirmation 4.) communion 5.) confession - last 2 are not required 6.) Holy order 7.) Marriage
Who was Suleman the great?
- was the leader of ottoman empire when it reached its peak
about Mughal empire
- were also Islamic - was a gunpower empire along with safavid and ottoman
About constantinople
-was the center of the ottoman empire - now it is called instanbul
slavery in US compared to the carribean
1.) Caribbean - live maybe 5 years working on sugar plantations in barbados - landowners were absent - lots of slave revolts 2.) U.S. - lived way longer and more chill - landowners were usually home and some were nice to their slaves - way less slave revolts
Who were the Renaissance humanists?
1.) Copernicus (polish) (astronomy) 2.) Galileo (Italian) (astronomer) 3.) Isaac Newton (Englishman) (physicist)
About mayas, incas, and aztecs
1.) Mayas - predicted solar eclipses - had a written language (hieroglyphs) - went in decline when the Spanish arrived 2.) Aztecs - did human sacrifice 3.) Incas - were not in a steep decline
About mecca and medina
1.) mecca - pilgrimage by Muslims to here every year - Muhammad was born here 2.) Medina - Muhammad died here
What did John Calvin believe in?
1.) predestination (people before they are born are predestined to go to heaven or hell 2.) election (god decides) 3.) no free will
What were the 5 pillars of islam?
1.) profession of faith 2.) prayers 3.) alms 4.) fasting 5.) pilgrimage to Mecca
What led to the ming dynasty falling
1.) spending problems 2.) fiscal probems (wars) 3.) enviromental problems
What is the index of forbidden books?
A list of works that Catholics were forbidden to read
What is St.Bartholomews day massacre?
A six-week nationwide slaughter of Huguenots (french protestants)
what are devsirme?
Christian boys that were recruited by the force to serve for the ottoman government
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Da Vinci
Who painted the last supper?
Da Vinci
Who painted the virgin child with Saint Anne
Da Vinci
What are jannissaries?
Elite force of soldiers loyal to the sultan that recieved a salary
What are "converses"
Jewish converts
Indulgences of the catholic church
Many priests had prostitutes and didn't live up to the way God wanted them to in the bible
Who had more chiller ideas: John Calvin or Martin Luther?
Martin Luther
Who painted David?
Michelangelo
Who painted pieta?
Michelangelo
Who painted the sistine chapel
Michelangelo
What are "Moriscos"?
Muslim converts
Who was the Founder of the society of Jesus (or the Jesuits)?
St.Ignatius of Loyola
What is Isfahan?
The capital of the Safavid empire
why did the safavid and ottoman empires hate each other?
Wanted control of territory and they had major religious differences
What was the battle of lepanto?
When a fleet of Christians inflicted major defeat on the Ottoman Empire
What was the reconquista?
a series of battles by christian states to expel the muslims (moors)
What is a piazza and portico
a word used to describe covered walks or spaces supported by columns
What was the treaty of tordesillas?
agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.
What was the diet of worms?
an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire
What is the priesthood of the believer
asserts that all humans have access to god through christ and don't need a priest
Who was ozman gazi
founder of the Ottoman Empire
What were huguenots
protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin
What was the council of Trent?
the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation
Great wall of China purpose
to protect themselves from the Mongols in the north