HUM 130 FINAL

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

Rabbi

A highly respected teacher/leader of Jewish law or theology

pope

Head of the Roman Catholic Church

imam

a muslim leader and successor of muhammad, following ali

the first five books of the Torah

describe the creation of the world, the development of human society, and God's relationship with humanity. also loves about food sex and travel.

gods three traits in islam

god is unique, god is the creator, god is all powerful

rosh hashanah

the jewish new year in september

Judaism

the oldest monotheistic religion based on the idea of a covenant between God and his chosen people

Bar/Bat Mitzvah

"Sons / daughters of the commandment" refers to a Jewish boy or girl reaching the age of a religious. boy 13 girls 12.

theosis

'divinization', the process of becoming like God

new testament

The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers. 26 books

genesis

"beginning", hebrew book

pentecost

50 days after Easter in christianity

three periods of the quran

early meccan suras: personal issues. later meccan: history, prophets. medinan suras: societal, legal, historical issues

shia islam

emphasizes the lineage of Muhammad and places great spiritual importance on the imams. Followers are referred to as Shiites.

ethical monotheism

foundational principle of Judaism that encapsulates three main ideas. 1) the need to recognize only one God 2) I need to act appropriately towards God 3) then you need to act appropriately towards other people

ecumenical councils

gatherings of christian bishops organized to define the basic elements of christianity

muhammad

grew up orphan and poor, married khadijah who was wealthy at 24, at 40 years old went into cave and gabriel came to him, went to medina, fought war with mecca, went to mecca. died in Aisha's arms

Shabbat

hebrew. Saturday, day of rest in Judaism, where people walk (not drive) & pray, visit friends etc. feel like a community.

jewish ancestry

if your mother is jewish, you're jewish. can also convert to judaism.

jewish antidiscrimination laws

in 1980 the supreme court in the US counted them as a race so they would be protected under the antidiscrimination laws but jewish people said they didnt want that.

midrash

interprets the Torah by expanding stories & with an emphasis on everyday life. a book

prayer in judaism

its the heart of judaism now after pharisees started saying that all jews (not just priests) ought to follow torah purity laws, and that they shouldnt just offer sacrifices. three times a day (morning, midday, evening). says god is good, god is the creator, god and human beings share a common image. also educates the faithful by reminding them that theyre ethical monotheism.

Shavuot (Pentecost)

jewish festival, 50 days after passover in the spring, it marks when jews received food from god + when they received the torah (wisdom and teachings) from god

Talmud

less biblical interpretation, also called oral Torah, it's the historical collection of rabbinical writings and commentaries on the Torah, codifies & explains Torah law. 2 sections: halakhah (ethics) & aggadah (stories)

rabbinic judaism

main form of Judaism, which emerged during the first century AD under the leadership of the rabbis; clarified Jewish practice, elevated the oral law to equal authority with the written Torah and enabled Judaism to evolve flexibly. they didnt have to rely on temples for sacrifices anymore, instead they prayed and did good deeds.

Sukkot

means "huts" or "booths" in a jewish harvest festival in the fall which serves to remind jews of when god protected them in the wilderness

exodus

means "massive departure", when jews escaped egyptian tyranny and slavery. god proved his love for the jews by plaguing the egyptians but by "passing over" the jews. reminds jews how they can pass over from suffering to redemption. in the story, moses parted the sea and led his people in the dessert for 40 years

tikkun

means "repair" in Hebrew, either of one's soul or the whole world

kaddish

means "sanctification", asks for the whole world to become holy, for god to be sanctified and glorified throughout the entire world.

Torah

means law. refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. but also all Jewish religious texts and laws

hanukkahchanukhah

mid-winter, recalls miracle from 165-163 BCE, when a group of jews called maccabees took the temple from syrian control and wanted to celebrate for eight days after rebuilding the altar, but only had lamp oil for one night, but all eight days passed without the light going out because god kept the lamps lit

pogroms

murderous anti-semitic riots in early 20th century in russia

sufism

mystical branch of islam that emphasizes the constant rememberance of god

duties of gentiles

non-jewish people must abide by the seven Commandments given to Noah and his family/the Noahide Commandments

monotheism

one god, all of judaism, islam and christianity

3 crucial teachings of islam

one god, muhammad as god's last and greatest prophet, live with complete submission and faith in god

islam history

originated in arabian peninsula, mesopotamia

Hasidism

the ultra-orthodox branch of Judaism that teaches the individual to raise every action in life to the level of prayer

categories of jewish prayer

those that praise god, those that ask for requests of god, those that give thanks to god. among the most important are shema, amidah, kaddish.

circumcision in judaism

to bring a boy into the covenant between god and israel

the seven Commandments given to Noah

to set up courts of Justice and establish justice for all humankind, to refrain from blasphemy (/right speech), to refrain from idolatry (object worship; only one true god), to be strain from sexual acts that are unethical, to refrain from committing bloodshed/murder (killing animals for food is ok), to refrain from robbery, to refrain from eating the flesh of a live animal (animals should be killed quickly and properly).

minyan

a group of 10 or more adult jews, minimum number to start a prayer in the synagogue. this makes them more of a community

holocaust

a large-scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter; a burnt offering

shariah

a law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death; it provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives

pharisees

a member of an ancient Jewish sect, distinguished by strict observance of the traditional and written law, and commonly held to have pretensions to superior sanctity.

indulgence

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

shema

a prayer, read twice a day (before sleep and when awake), "the lord is our god, the lord alone" , reminds jews remember god and the commandments always (daily, carry through body, present on door of your house), jews often say this prayer while dying

monotheistic religion

a religion with one god

ayatollah

a religious leader among Shiite Muslims

kashrut

a set of jewish dietary laws

Tanakh

a term for the books of the Bible that make up the Hebrew canon. three sets: the law (Torah) , the prophets and the writings.

trayf

a term meaning forbidden; not kosher

sadducees

A Jewish sect at the time of Jesus known for its strong commitment to the Temple in Jerusalem.

diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland, specifically jews being exiled from israel to live around the world. thishappened because the roman army forced them out of the city of jerusalem in israel

galilee

A large region in the north of the modern nation of Israel, north of Samaria at the time of Jesus. jesus was born here.

zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Jerusalem, to end the diaspora. so they instated a home in Palestine, in israel. initially embraced by haskalah jews.

passover

A time for Jews to remember the Exodus, celebrated in the spring, weeklong festival,

semitic

Family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa. In antiquity these languages included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. The most widespread modern member of the this language family is Arabic.

the holy trinity (christianity)

Father, Son, Holy Spirit

abraham

Founder of Judaism, and "the first muslim", built mecca with son ismail (with muhammad). quran said he wasnt a jew or christian

gospels

Four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings matthew(old testament), mark (storytelling), luke(written for romans/non jewish), john.

shirk

Idolatry

gospel

The "Good News," the story of the coming of the Savior, Jesus Christ, and the inauguration of God's Kingdom.

pentateuch

A Greek word meaning "five books," referring to the first five books of the Old Testament.

semitic people

people who speak hebrew and arabic

what it means to be chosen by God as a Jew

the people chose God and God chose the people seoulspice free will. god acts monotheistically, therefore Jews should. so as the chosen people Jews must follow more Commandments than other groups. Muse also suffer more grievously than other people because they are chosen not in spite of being chosen.

theology

the study of religion

darwinism

the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin. all life revolved around other forms

5 Pillars of Islam

1. shahada: belief in one God, Allah, and Muhammad his prophet2. salat: daily prayer; pray 5 times a day facing Mecca- mosques- Jewish places for worship 3.zakat: (2.5% of income) (offering/charity) for the poor 4. sawm: fasting (sunrise to sunset) during Ramadan (September-October) 5. hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime (and visit Kaaba)

ashkenazi jews

1/2 jewish group that formed after the diaspora across mediterranean and european world. jews whose traditions originated in central and eastern Europe (france, germany, eastern europe). interact with the world around them based on geographic, social, and political circumstances.

sephardic jews

1/2 jewish group that formed after the diaspora across the mediterranean and european world. smaller group of the two, from spain, portugal, north africa, and mainly middle east. dont speak yiddish. interact with the world around them based on geographic, social, and political circumstances.

sefirot

10 attributes through which God is revealed; singular: sefirah

sunni islam

80%, emphasizes scholarly and communal decision making after the death of muhammad

meuzzin

An official who calls Islamic believers to worship five times a day.

zakat

Charity to the poor

children of israel

Descendants of Abraham's grandson Jacob, whose name God had changed to "Israel" at the ancient site of Bethel after affirming the promises of the Covenant. Also known as "Hebrews" or "Jews." They first formed the nation of Israel in the Promised Land during the time of the Joshua and the Judges.

grace

God's gift of friendship and life that enables us to share his life and love

yom kippur

Jewish Day of Atonement- fasting and reflecting on one's sins

kabbalah

Jewish mysticism from a group of books, "tradition", a form that developed in medieval france and spain and spread across the jewish world. perceives itself as a secret tradition. attempts to answer questions about issues most rabbis believe to be outside the realm of human understanding (mysteries of creation, hidden meanings of words, relationship of god and humanity). once experienced, we are opened up to a closer relationship with god. three main ideas: god (sefirot), the human soul, the relationship between god and humans. the study usually begins after the age of 40, when a person has already learned the traditions of rabbinic judaism.

sadaqa

Muslim word for charity

apostle

One who is sent

Fundementalism

Religious movement based on the belief that everything written in the Bible was literally true

baptism

Sacrament by which God cleanses all sin, and one becomes a member of the church.

haskalah

The Jewish Enlightenment of the second half of the eighteenth century, led by the Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, inspired jews to turn their tradition of education toward non-jewish subjects (so like science, politics, arts, medicine (instead of just torah)). said religion shouldnt impose its ideas on others

sufi

The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah.

nicene creed

The formal statement or profession of faith commonly recited during the Eucharist.

old testament

The forty-six books that make up the first part of the Bible and record salvation history before the coming of the Savior, Jesus Christ. its also the jewish tanakh

Concupiscence

The tendency of all human beings toward sin, as a result of Original Sin.

gnostics

a christian sect that taught that the physical world was flawed. believed that salvation could be found in hidden knowledge

history of judaism

between 2000 and 1000 BCE the first civilization happened in Mesopotamia, where Abraham was born and semitic languages were spoken. there were farmers and hunters etc.

apostolic succession

christian act of being blessed by an apostle who was blessed by christ

eucharist

christian ritual based on the pawssover sedar held by jesus and his disciples

eruv

contained space within which Jews observe the Sabbath

salat

prayer

Mourner's kaddish

prayer to someone whose family member has died. it doesnt mention death, but it says god created everything and asks for peace in the world. kaddish should be said for 30 days for closest family, but 11 months for a parent.

kosher

prepared according to Jewish dietary law

hajj

sacred pilgrimage to mecca, fourth pillar of islam

four groups in the jewish elite

sadducees, pharisees, essenes, zealots

hadith

scholarship in islam that leads back to muhammad. through the actions of his life, the things he allowed (consent), and his teachings/sayings

amidah

standing prayer, feet close together, take three steps back then forward (to 'enter'). includes 19 sections of praise, request, thanksgiving. the last section was added after romans destroyed jewish temple.

jihad

struggle, sixth pillar 2: defense, and restraint fight with those who are wrong on the outside, also internally fight with yourself to accept the will of god

dikhr

sufi practices. breathing exercises, dancing, twirling

blasphemy

swearing, speech which offends religious sentiments

creeds

symbols of faith, served as a constituion for the christian ecumenical fathers

Abraham

the beginning of Judaism. the prophet that was commanded to kill his son Isaac. Adam had chosen to not follow God's orders but Abraham chose to follow God's orders (with free will) and therefore God bless him and his people. had two sons: Israel (originally Jacob) & Isaac

creationism

the belief that God created the world and everything in it, usually in the way described in the Bible/genesis

mitzvot

the commandments of god found in the torah

Mishnah

the expansion of the Talmud. opinions regarding the halakhah. how and why do Jewish laws need to be followed. six sections.

Five Patriarchates

were five cities (Rome, Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, Jerusalem) around which large groups of Christian churches grew.

ghettos

where jews were forced to live, first in venice in 1516


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

World History and Cultures Test 8 Chapters 19-21

View Set

unit 6 genetic expression & regulation

View Set

Economics Chapter 1 and 2 Test Review

View Set

APUSH Vol. 1 to 1877 Ch. 18 Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854

View Set

433 test 3 musculoskeletal review questions

View Set

Chap 3 3.3 a membrane seperates each cell from its surrounding

View Set