Meto test 2

The trade winds occur between a latitude of _____ and ¬¬¬_____ N and S. A) 0°; 30° B) 60°; 90° C) 10; 20° D) 30°; 60°

0°; 30°

What is the magnitude of the Coriolis force per unit mass for a wind with a velocity of 70 km/hr at a latitude of 40°? A) 0.018 m/sec2 B) 1.8 x 10-3 Pa C) 1.8 x 10-3 N D) 1.8 x 10-3 m/sec2

1.8 x 10-3 m/sec2

On a bitter cold, snowy morning, the air temperature and dew point of the outside air are both -10°C. If this air is brought indoors and warmed to 22°C, with no change in vapor content, what is the relative humidity of the air inside the home? Refer to the table on the last page to find the saturation mixing ratios. A) 10.6% B) 10.6 g/kg C) 9.5% D) 1.794%

10.6%

A barometer at a weather station located at an elevation of 500 m indicates an atmospheric pressure of 970 mb. You want to construct a weather map and you need to report the corresponding pressure at sea level. Assuming a pressure change of 100 mb/km, the pressure you report on the map is (1 km=1,000 m) A) 1020 mb B) 920 mb C) 1070 mb D) 870 mb

1020 mb

The air temperature at the base of a mountain at sea level is 25°C and the dew point is 13°C. The dry adiabatic rate is 10°C/km and the dew point decreases with elevation at a rate of 2°C/km. Air rises along the mountain. At what elevation do you expect to see clouds? A) 1500 m B) 1000 m C) 2000 m D) clouds will not form because the air temperature will never reach the dew point

1500 m

Stations A and B are 200 km apart. The atmospheric pressure at station A is 1013 mb whereas the atmospheric pressure at station B is 1020 mb. What is the magnitude of the pressure gradient force per unit mass? Assume a sea-level air density of 1.2 kg x m-3. 1 km=1000 m 1 mb=100 Pa A) 2.9 x 10-3 Pa B) 2.9 x 10-3 m/sec2 C) 2.9 x 10-5 m/sec2 D) 2.9 x 10-5 N

2.9 x 10-3 m/sec2

At sea level, the average atmospheric pressure is 1013.25 mb or 29.92 in of Hg or 101,325 Pa. An atmospheric pressure of 1000 mb is equal to A) 29.5 in Hg; 100,000 Pa B) 100,000 in Hg; 29.5 Pa C) 33865.3 in Hg, 10 Pa D) 33865.3 Pa, 10 in Hg

29.5 in Hg; 100,000 Pa

Refer to the figure below. Which of the illustrations best describes the Bergeron process of rain formation? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

3

Suppose that 500 g of water vapor condense to make a cloud about the size of an average room. If we assume that the latent heat of condensation is 600 cal/g, how much heat would be released to the air? How much warmer would the air be after condensation? (Heat capacity of air in typical room conditions=0.24 cal/(g×℃); 1 kg=1,000 g) A) 1.2 cal; 6°C B) 0.8 cal; 0.4°C C) 3 x 105 cal; 12.5°C D) 30000 cal; 12.5°C

3 x 105 cal; 12.5°C

An air parcel has a temperature of 20°C and therefore its saturation mixing ratio is 14 g/kg. Its actual mixing ratio is 5 g/kg. What is its relative humidity? A) 35.7 g/kg B) 35.7% C) 70% D) 70 g/kg

35.7%

The fall velocity of a a large raindrop (5 mm) is 33 km/hr. How many minutes would it take a large raindrop (5 mm) to reach the ground if it fell from a cloud base at 3000 m? 1 km=1000 m A) 5.4 min B) 0.09 min C) 11 min D) 90.9 min

5.4 min

An air parcel has a temperature of 24°C and therefore its saturation mixing ratio is 19.21 g/kg. Its relative humidity is 40%. What is its actual mixing ratio? A) 7.68 g/kg B) 7.68 kg/g C) 48.025 g/kg D) 768.4 g/kg

7.68 g/kg

The volume of water in each of the major reservoirs of the water cycle is given below in cubic meters: Oceans: 1,350 x 1015 m3 Glaciers and polar ice: 29 x 1015 m3 Groundwater: 8.4 x 1015 m3 Lakes and rivers: 0.2 x 1015 m3 Atmosphere: 0.013 x 1015 m3 Biosphere: 0.0006 x 1015 m3 What is the percentage of the total water held by the atmosphere? A) 9.4 x 10-4% B) 9.4 x 10-6% C) 0.0094% D) 0.013%

9.4 x 10-4%

At sea level, the average atmospheric pressure is 1013.25 mb or 29.92 in of Hg or 101,325 Pa. An atmospheric pressure of 28 in of Hg is equal to A) 94823 mb; 948.23Pa B) 0.83 mb; 83 Pa C) 83 mb; 0.83 Pa D) 948.23 mb; 94823 Pa

948.23 mb; 94823 Pa

On a surface weather map, you read a coded pressure of 695. Most likely, this corresponds to a pressure value of A) 969.5 mb B) 695.0 mb C) 969.5 Pa D) 695 Pa

969.5 mb

The Coriolis effect is always perpendicular to the wind direction and it increases A) as latitude and velocity of object increase B) as latitude increases and velocity of object decreases C) as latitude and velocity of object decrease D) as latitude decreases and velocity of object increases

as latitude and velocity of object increase

Where is specific humidity minimum on Earth? A) at the poles B) at the equator C) at ~30°N and S D) anywhere there are deserts

at the poles

Where is relative humidity minimum on Earth? A) at the poles B) at the equator C) at ~30°N and S D) along the prime meridian

at ~30°N and S

Because of the monsoon, winter winds in India and SW US A) blow from the ocean to the land and are dry B) blow from the continent to the ocean and are wet C) blow from the ocean to the continent and are wet D) blow from the continent to the ocean and are dry

blow from the continent to the ocean and are dry

Steam fog forms because of A) radiation cooling below the dew point B) moist air flowing up along mountains C) cold air moving over warm water D) warm moist air moving over cold surface

cold air moving over warm water

Which of the following has the biggest density? A) warm, humid air B) cold, humid air C) warm, dry air D) cold, dry air

cold, dry air

Refer to the figure below. Which type of cloud is this? A) stratus B) cumulus C) cirrocumulus D) cumulonimbus

cumulonimbus

Which of the following condensation forms would you probably expect to find in an unstable atmosphere? A) cumulonimbus clouds B) stratus clouds C) radiation fog D) cirrus clouds

cumulonimbus clouds

As temperature increases and the amount of water vapor in an air parcel remains constant, its relative humidity A) decreases B) increases C) stays constant D) becomes zero

decreases

The temperature at 5 PM is 50°F and the dew point is 40°F . The expected minimum temperature for the following morning at 5 AM is 36°F. Assume that the sky remains clear during the night. What do you expect to observe in the morning? A) dew B) white frost C) frozen dew D) frost

dew

Altostratus clouds are commonly associated with an halo around the Sun or the Moon. A) true B) false

false

As water vapor is added to an air parcel and its temperature remains constant, its relative humidity decreases. A) true B) false

false

Sublimation refers to the process by which water vapor transforms directly into ice. A) true B) false

false

The wet adiabatic rate is always bigger than the dry adiabatic rate. A) true B) false

false

The direction of the pressure gradient force is A) from low to high pressure perpendicular to isobars B) from high to low pressure perpendicular to isobars C) from low to high pressure parallel to isobars D) from high to low pressure parallel to isobars

from high to low pressure perpendicular to isobars

The figure below shows an air parcel aloft (the little square) and two isobars (the two lines) in the southern hemisphere. In which direction will the geostrophic wind blow? A) from right to left B) from left to right C) from the top to the bottom D) from the bottom to the top

from left to right

The temperature at 5 PM is 48°F and the dew point is 35°F . The expected minimum temperature for the following morning at 5 AM is 32°F. Assume that the sky remains clear during the night. What do you expect to observe in the morning? A) dew B) white frost C) frozen dew D) frost

frozen dew

Which of the following processes is likely to increase the instability of the atmosphere? A) radiation cooling of Earth's surface at night B) cooling of an air mass from below as it traverses a cold surface C) heating of an air mass from below as it passes over a warm surface D) instability cannot be increased by any atmospheric process

heating of an air mass from below as it passes over a warm surface

Occurrence of El Niño in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean is associated with A) high atmospheric pressure B) low atmospheric pressure C) heavy rain D) cool surface water temperature

high atmospheric pressure

As an air parcel sinks and the mass of water vapor it contains does not change, its absolute humidity A) increases B) decreases C) stays constant D) becomes zero

increases

As temperature increases, the saturation vapor pressure of air A) increases B) decreases C) stays constant D) becomes zero

increases

As an air parcel sinks and the mass of water vapor it contains does not change A) its specific humidity increases and its mixing ratio decreases B) its specific humidity decreases and its mixing ratio increases C) its specific humidity increases and its mixing ratio stays constant D) its specific humidity and its mixing ratio stay constant

its specific humidity and its mixing ratio stay constant

Which of the following processes of changes of state of water absorbs (i.e., consumes) energy in the form of heat? A) freezing B) condensation C) melting D) deposition

melting

The motion of surface air around an anticyclone in the N. Hemisphere is A) inward and clockwise B) outward and clockwise C) inward and counterclockwise D) outward and counterclockwise

outward and clockwise

The figure below shows the temperature profile of the atmosphere on a given day. What form of precipitation would you expect to observe under these conditions? A) snow B) rain C) sleet D) freezing rain (glaze)

snow

The atmosphere is in a state of conditional instability when A) the environmental lapse rate is smaller than the wet adiabatic rate B) the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the dry adiabatic rate C) the environmental lapse rate is between the wet and the dry adiabatic rate D) the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the wet adiabatic rate

the environmental lapse rate is between the wet and the dry adiabatic rate

The atmosphere is in a state of absolute instability when A) the environmental lapse rate is smaller than the wet adiabatic rate B) the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the dry adiabatic rate C) the environmental lapse rate is between the wet and the dry adiabatic rate D) the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the wet adiabatic rate

the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the dry adiabatic rate

The atmosphere is in a state of absolute stability when A) the environmental lapse rate is smaller than the wet adiabatic rate B) the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the dry adiabatic rate C) the environmental lapse rate is between the wet and the dry adiabatic rate D) the environmental lapse rate is bigger than the wet adiabatic rate

the environmental lapse rate is smaller than the wet adiabatic rate

Because of the Coriolis force, every moving object on Earth is deflected A) to the right (N. Hemisphere) or to the left (S. Hemisphere) relative to its original path B) to the right (S. Hemisphere) or to the left (N. Hemisphere) relative to its original path C) to the east (N. Hemisphere) or to the west (S. Hemisphere) relative to its original path D) to the east (S. Hemisphere) or to the west (N. Hemisphere) relative to its original path

to the right (N. Hemisphere) or to the left (S. Hemisphere) relative to its original path

Adiabatic temperature changes refer to temperature changes that do not involve addition or removal of heat. A) true B) false

true

As the environmental lapse rate increases, instability tends to increase. A) true B) false

true

High surface atmospheric pressure and the resulting sinking air is commonly associated with fair weather whereas low surface atmospheric pressure and the resulting rising air is commonly associated with condensation and perhaps precipitation. A) true B) false

true

Transpiration refers to the process by which plants absorb liquid water from the soil and release water in the atmosphere as water vapor. A) true B) false

true

When the polar jet stream is south of your location the weather is typically cold whereas when it is north of your location the weather is typically warm. A) true B) false

true

Advection fog forms because of A) radiation cooling below the dew point B) moist air flowing up along mountains C) cold air moving over warm water D) warm moist air moving over cold surface

warm moist air moving over cold surface