Psychology chapter 2

Tracey frequently checks her texts messages while driving. although this is extremely dangerous, like Tracey, ____ of American drivers have read or sent a text message while driving in the past month

60%

its almost midnight and Joanna is ready to go to sleep. although her eyes are closed and she's ver relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG would most likely indicate the presence of

Alpha Waves

three hours after she goes to sleep, Alxandras heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. research suggests that Alexandra is

Dreaming

Erika is participating in a study in which she completes tasks while electrodes are placed on her scalp to record wave activity on the brain's surface, which brain imaging technique is being used?

EEG

Kristen worries that her teenage son, Jimmy, doesn't get enough sleep. which of the following is NOT linked.

Eating an early dinner

Michelle and her boyfriend had a fight earlier in the day. although they made up right after the fight, Michelle still feels angry hours later. why is this?

Endocrine system messages lasts an extended period.

Mathilda believes in the healing affects of acupuncture and frequently advocates for its use. researchers have been able to confirm its affectedness and credit ___ for its effects.

Endorphins

Tammy is talking with a group of friends at another friends house party. this behavior is regulated by her

Frontal lobe

Chris has greater difficulty remembering what he learns during his Spanish class. Which theory best accounts for Chris' experience?

Information-processing theory

who is most likely to have a violent dream tonight?

Kelly, who watched a scary movie before going to bed

Gary just left his physicians office where he underwent a brain scan that measured the magnetic fields from his brain's neutral electrical activity. which brain scan was this?

MEG

professor costellese is interested in studying how the brain works. He is interested in learning how reading influences brain activity. Which technique is he likely to use to aid his research on the brain?

MEG

To detect Mr. Wagner's loss of brain tissue from a type of dementia, his physicians are most likely yo request that he receive an

MRI scan

of the following people, who will be LEAST likely to resist temptation to the sight of food?

Margo who has not gotten enough sleep for the past few days.

Alicia is sleeping and is currently dreaming. which sleep stage is she in?

REM

piper5 is in a sleep that is also known as a paradoxical sleep. which sleep is she in?

REM

at 2 o'clock in the morning 25 year old Shawn has already slept for three hours. as long as his sleep continues he can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Mr. Glenday repeatedly stops breathing while asleep. it is most likely that he suffers from

Sleep Apnea

Clair has a difficult time sleeping several nights throughout the week. which of the following is NOT a natural sleep aid that you should recommend to Clair?

Take long naps

Erik consistently exhibits a knee-jerk response without having any sensations of the tap on his knees. Eriks experience is most indicative of

a severed spinal cord

Shelby has not had enough sleep in the past week. she is at risk of having a driving accident because her lack of sleep diminishes her

ability to focus attention

Carolyn is home alone when she hears someone trying to open her front door. she is immediately frightened. which brain area is involved in her emotional response?

amygdala

Abigail believes that neurons fire a little at a time. Based on what you have learned about how neurons communicate, how would you explain the firing of a neuron?

an all-or-none response

during lunch your friend tells you about her latest dream. in her dream, she was attacked, beaten, and robbed while at home. what would your response be?

being attacked is one of the most common themes in dreams.

Dr. was conducts research on the relationship between excess neurotransmitter molecules in the synaptic gap and migraines. dr. warns research is most characteristic of

biological psychology

in a tragic biking accident, dan damaged his spinal cord. as a result, his legs are paralyzed. Dan's injury was located in his

central nervous system

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

cerebral cortex

after stopping to talk to a friend at the library Lisa fails to notice that her cell phone, which had been in her back pocket has fallen out, her oversight best illustrates

change blindness

right after turning to wave at one of her friends during lunch, Ivy fails to notice that her new iPad, which had gone missing right next to her lunch plate, is no longer there. her oversight best illustrates

change blindness

Amber most enjoys partying with friends in the late evening. her mother, however, prefers to socialize in the morning when she feels most energetic. this difference between Amber and her mother is best explained by theft that age and experience tend to alter our

circadian rhythm

after flying to Boston, Andrew experienced extra hours of daylight and had a restless sleepless night. his problem was most likely cause by a disruption of his

circadian rhythm

Alyssa is learning how to drive and is intently focused on the car she is operating, the traffic on the road, and the road signs and traffic signals. this concentration is an aspect of her

consciousness

attention to her long-term foal of becoming a doctor enables Maria to avoid thoughtlessly skipping difficult class assignments. this best illustrates the adaptive value of

consciousness

Stephanie is sleeping and will pass through a multistage sleep cycle several times tonight. as the night progresses, we can expect that she will spend less time in ----- sleep

deep

an hour after going to bed, Joseph was so soundely asleep his parents were unable to awaken him for a scheduled dose of medication. at this point in Josephs sleep, an EEG would have most likely detected

delta waves

Brenda, who is supposed to get married tomorrow morning, can't get to sleep. Regarding Brenda's inability to fall asleep, you would say that she is

displaying normal sleep deprivation because she is either excited or anxious

Ricardo was the goalie in a long, bruising soccer game but feels a little fatigue or discomfort. his lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of

endorphines

Deidra has been doing aerobic exercise daily. for more than three years. the release of ___ can help explain why she feels good after exercising

endorphins

Kevins intensely uncomfortable withdraws symptoms following heroin use were probably due in part to a reduction in his body's normal production of

endorphins

if your boss accused you of lying about a contract, your adrenal glands would probably release ____ into your bloodstream

epinephrine

Wayne's doctor performed a test to reveal both the function and structure of his brain. which brain scan was used?

fMRI

simone is a political cartoonist whose work requires her to think imaginatively and present ideas in visually novel ways. her work is most likely to be facilitated by

full nights of sleep

Jamie consistently fails to get as much sleep as she needs. this is most likely to place her at an increased risk of

gaining weight

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Fernando enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles.

when lanae does her math homework, which area of her brain is most active?

her temporal lobe

After experiencing a series of head injuries while playing professional football, ART has begun to struggle with remembering the names of friends and even family members. his memory difficulties are most likely to be due to damage to his

hippocampus

shortly after falling asleep, josh felt like he was falling from the top of a highs cliff. his experience best illustrates

hypnagogic sensations

as becky tries to remove the cookies she is baking from the stove, she accidentally touches the side of the stove with her hand, burning it. Becky instinctively moves her hand from the stove before realizing that she has burned her hand. this illustrates

importance of reflective response

Jane is explaining how neurons communicate to her friend. how should she best define threshold for her friend?

it is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

Fred remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Freds therapist suggested that he dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. according to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ___ pf Fred's dream.

latent content

During open-brain surgery, Franks right ankle twitched whenever the surgeon electrically stimulated a specific area within Franks

left frontal lobe

Juan is studying pre-algebra, and Amanda is trying to match artists with their artwork. based on their current activities, it is likely that Juan's _____ is active, and Amandas ____ is active

left hemisphere, right hemisphere

as alone recalled her dream, she was walking in the park, when a tall, dark, and handsome gentleman approached her; suddenly the scene shifted and the man disappeared. according to freud, planes account represents the ____ content of her dream

manifest

As Cloe reads a new book, her ____ is involved in aiding her vocabulary, reading and ability to store information

medulla

devin is playing soccer. instructions about where and how to move are carried from his CNS to his muscles by

motor neurons

some neurons enable you to kick a soccer ball by relaying outgoing messages to the muscle I your legs and feet. these neurons are Called

motor neurons

Mr. Jones is arguing with his son about the son's use of the car. In the middle of the argument, Mr.Jones suddenly falls asleep. Mr. Jones apparently suffers from

narcolepsy

Sherry has been somewhat depressed lately. her physician believes that the neurotransmitter that influences alertness and arousal is the root of her depression. which neurotransmitter may be the culprit?

norepinephrine

Darleen is in labor with her first child. which hormone is responsible for the contractions that she feels as part of labor?

oxytocin

as you watch an airplane fly by, you notice the motion, the color, and shape of this plane. this involves

parallel processing

Many years of intensive dance practice have led to changes in Allysa's motor cortex that enable her skilled leg movements. this illustrates the value of

plasticity

although Rey lost some manual dexterity following brain damage from a stroke, the development of new neural pathways enabled him o regain of his lost agility. this best illustrates the value of

plasticity

harry often struggles with sleep and coordinating his gross motor movements. researchers have determined that the ____ is responsible for both of these functions.

pons

Jazmine is cooking dinner while studying for her upcoming class exam. which brain area is involved in this multitasking?

reticular formation

which region inside your brainstem player a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when, for example, you trio over the slippers you accidentally left by your bed?

reticular formation

while driving to work, tom was so focused on his cell-phone conversation that he inadvertently drove through a red light and hit another vehicle. toms experience best illustrates the impact of

selective attention

while engrossed in studying for his psychology course, Juan isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his sisters conversation. this best illustrates

selective attention

You feel the pain of a sprained ankle when ________ relay(s) messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

sensory neurons

Angela is focussing her study efforts on biology, a subject she knows nothing about. specifically, she is focused on an assignment involving dissection. she is likely to use

sequential processing

June is at a research conference and is browsing through a poster session when a title catches her eye. reading carefully about the new research described in the poster, June is engaged.

sequential processing

Stephanie is learning how to touch type. because this is a new skill for her, it will involve

sequential processing

Wayne is playing a new video game with his older brother. because this is his first time playing the game, it will involve

sequential processing

A brain tumor caused extensive damage to Mr. Roller's hypothalamus. it is most likely that he may suffer a loss of

sexual motivation

you have an exam coming up and have been studying for the past hour. you know that if you get a goods night rest, it will aid your memory of what you have studied. why is that?

sleep appears to reactivate recent experiences that are stored in the hippocampus and move them to permanent storage elsewhere in the cortex.

as you are sitting in the library reading a book, a friend approaches you from behind, places her hand on your shoulder and says hi. which part of your nervous system transfers this information to your brain and then gives you instructions to turn your head

somatic

messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your back by the ____ nervous system

somatic

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movements of your mouth and jaws as you eat is called the

somatic nervous system

which part of your brain is essential for receiving information that you are raising your arm?

somatosensory cortex

when Fran awoke this morning, she was slightly groggy but was able to function. before lunch she was exceptionally alert. when she left this afternoon, she was tired and wanted to take a nap. these changes in Fran throughout the day represent different

states of consciousness

it is around 11 PM and Bill is beginning to feel extremely sleepy. this is because the _____ quiets down, allowing the release of melatonin into the bloodstream.

suprachiamsmatic nuclear

you are asleep one night when you hear a rustling sound from downstairs. your heart starts racing and you begin you perspire. these physical reactions are triggered by the

sympathetic nervous system

When a black bear suddenly appears in his from yard, Barry's _____ nervous system arouses and energizes him. when the bear is gone and the perceived threat is over, his ___ nervous system calmed down and conserves his energy

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Darron lost his sense of taste because a tumor caused damage to a structure located on top of his brainstem this structure is known as the

thalamus

Laura and several classmates are studying for an upcoming test. as they talk, levels of oxytocin in Laura's bloodstream begin to rise. this is most likely to lead Laura to experience increased feelings of social ___

trust

a picture of a cat. is briefly flashed in the left visual of a split-brain patient named Anna. at the same time a picture of a girl flashed in the right visual field. in identifying what she saw, Anna would be most likely to

verbally report that she saw a girl.

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Trevor's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Trevor is most likely to suffer from some loss of

visual perception

fifty year old Wayne insists that he never dreams. research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.