Public speaking chapter 7

Definitions(7 types of supporting material #3)

Define any unknown, and important terms in your speech.

Analogies(7 types of supporting material #4)

A comparison that could help the audience understand unfamiliar things. For example, you can say how something is similar to something else. There are 2 types of analogies: Literal analogies compare similarities, and figurative analogies could be expressed in the form of a simile or a metaphor.

Illustrations(7 types of supporting material #1)

A story that's related to your topic. This attracts the audience's attention very easily. If it's brief, it should be no more than a sentence, or two. However, if it's longer, it's an extended illustration. By saying a personal illustration, the speaker establishes a lot of credibility.

Stacks

Aka the collection of books in a library. Books are organized by call numbers, but resources will also have "ref" on the book.

hypothetical illustration

An example or story that has not actually occurred, but could happen(but don't fool your audience!).

Interviews(5 examples of supporting material #5)

When you want more info from a specific person(you ask them questions about your topic).

Personal Knowledge and Experience(5 examples of supporting material #1)

You are the best source when reciting the speech- you can say facts based on your intelligence, and experience. An advantage to this is that it increases your credibility, and the audience would respect you more.

6 criteria for evaluating internet resources

1. Accountability- find out the author of the site, and find info about him/her. If you can't find the name, look for a sponsoring organization. You can also use the domain to help you. However, if you can't find the author, or the sponsor, be careful when reading the article because it may, or may not be true. 2. Accuracy- find out if the author is credible, and research to see if the info is true. Also, watch out for writing errors. 3. Objectivity- is the site bias-free? 4. Timeliness- look to see what day this article was published. If you can't find this on google, click on "page info" to find the "last modified" date. When you then type the article, it should say the date it was published. 5. Usability- is the site slow/fast? Is it free, or not free? 6. Diversity- is the info respectful for all types of people?

Opinions(7 types of supporting material #6)

3 types: expert testimony, lay testimony(on the news), and a literary quotation.

What to eliminate/use in your speech

1. Magnitude- Bigger is better: The larger your statistics, the more you'll convince your audience, and the more facts, the more you'll convince your audience. 2. Relevance- it's important to only use what's relevant to your speech. 3. Concreteness- use concrete examples, and statistics. 4. Variety- use different things, such as illustrations, opinions, definitions, and statistics during your speech to keep your audience interested. 5. Humor- use it at the right time during your speech. 6. Suitability- Use your facts wisely depending on the type of speech, occasion, and audience.

5 strategies for a methodical research process

Developing a preliminary bibliography, locate potential resources, evaluate their usefulness, take notes, and identify possible visual aids.

Identifying possible visual aids(5 strategies for a methodical research process #5)

Identify possible visual aids, such as charts, and graphs.

5 examples of supporting material

Personal knowledge and experience, the Internet, online databases, traditional library holdings, and interviews.

Descriptions and explanations(7 types of supporting material #2)

Provides details, and statements that describe, and clarify info throughout the speech. It could be a brief example, illustration, etc.

Traditional Library Holdings(5 examples of supporting material #4)

Resources from the library(ex. encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, atlases, almanacs, and yearbooks). If you unable to find an online version of these, use a printed copy.

Online databases(5 examples of supporting material #3)

Shows bibliographic info, abstracts, and resources. Unlike websites, only certain people are allowed to use them(you can often use them in libraries). Examples are ProQuest, JSTOR, Academic search complete, LexisNexis Academic, and a newspaper source.

Take Notes(5 strategies for a methodical research process #4)

Take notes while you read your resources. Start with the things that are the most relevant. If you use a quote, remember to site it properly. Keep track of your resources as you take notes so you won't plagiarize by accident.

Domain

The category of a website, shown as the last three letters in a site's URL.

The Internet(5 examples of supporting material #2)

This makes your speech more productive because the audience can tell you've done research about your topic. When searching on google, use quotes, and parentheses to narrow your results. You can also use a vertical search engine, which indicates world wide web info of a certain topic.

Developing a preliminary bibliography(5 strategies for a methodical research process #1)

This should be the first thing you do-developing sources. The more bibliographies you have, the more info you have for your speech. Use a citation manager to organize your bibliographies.

Locate potential resources(5 strategies for a methodical research process #2/3)

To find your resources, click on your bibliography for the link to the webpage. Also, think about how they could be useful to your speech. Look at the table of contents, charts, graphs, or things you can use as visual aids during your speech. Skim some of the article so you can get an idea of whether or not the resource is useful regarding your speech.

9 types of websites

commercial, country, educational, entertainment, government, military, news, organizational, and personal

7 types of supporting material

illustrations, descriptions and explanations, definitions, analogies, statistics, opinions

Statistics(7 types of supporting material #5)

Data expressed through numbers. Make sure you use reliable, authoritative, and unbiased sources when writing your speech.