Theology 202 Test 3
What is the NT understanding of repentance?
Metanoia- to have a change of mindset
How often is sozo used in the New Testament?
More than 100 times
What are 2 OT true conversions?
Naaman and Manasseh
What 5 separate things are we called to?
New identity in Jesus, Christian freedom through grace, peace with God, a life of proclamation and praise, receive the kingdom of God/eternal life/heavenly glory
Does National Conversion convert everyone in the nation?
No, they are usually short-lived and did not bring about true conversion to every person in the nation
What are Biblical national conversions?
When the people of Israel pledge to serve the Lord and obey Him, national conversion under Hezakiah/then Josiah
Is sinless perfection a present possibility?
While many in the bible attain faithfulness, there appears no biblical basis to affirm sinless perfection in neither deed nor thought or motive.
What is the Old Testament understanding of salvation?
Yasa- to deliver/give victory/to save
Are there multiple models for biblical conversion?
Yes, there is no one model for conversion because God works spiritual reform in different ways in different people's lives
What are some NT true conversions?
Zachaeus, 3,000 on the day of Pentecost, Saul, Cornelius, Lydia, the Philippian jailer
What to closely related aspects are involved in conversion?
repentance and faith
God's common grace facilitates everything that
sustains and enhances life on the fallen planet
The degree to which we understand our sinfulness is...
the degree to which we appreciate grace
What are the three phases of glorification?
1. At the believer's death when the soul departs from the body and enters Jesus' presence 2. At the resurrection of the body when the soul is reunited with the body and vindicated at the judgment seat of Christ 3. The believer's entry into the new heaven and new earth in resurrected bodies
Does scripture recognize 2 classes of Christians?
1 Cor. 2:14-33, Carnal and Spiritual refer to every Christian not to two distinct groups. Each Christian struggles with carnality.
What is the key scripture in glorification?
1 Corinthians 2:9-10
What is scriptural example of fallen runners?
1 Timothy 1:18-20
What ISN'T union with Christ?
A metaphysical or mystical union, merely a relationship between two friends or a teacher to a student, a union that deepens through taking the sacraments
What does an objective accomplished fact (neoorthodox) believe?
A person is sanctified in principle at conversion rather than in fact
What does the order of salvation denote?
A sequence to express the way by which God through Christ imparts salvation to sinners from inception to consummation
What does charis mean?
A specific act of favor given by a superior to an inferior person
What is perseverance?
Continuing in the faith
How is water baptism a symbol of regeneration?
Conversion >> Regeneration >> Water Baptism
What are possible examples of second conversions?
David, Peter, the church at Ephesus
What are examples of sozo in the New Testament?
Deliverance from danger, disease, bondage, death
What are 4 examples of yasa in the Old Testament?
Deliverance out of Egypt, Release of our exile, Preservation in times of peril, deliverance from sin and its consequence especially in the Psalms and Isaiah
What is the NT word for justification?
Dikaioo- to acquit, declare righteous/ justify (used in forensic, declarative sense
What is the scripture that shows that God the Spirit is working in preservation?
Ephesians 1:13-14
What scripture defines the roots of our union?
Ephesians 1:3-4
What are the 3 applications of special grace?
Experience it, Respond to it, Live within it
Is faithfulness or faith more common in OT?
Faithfulness is more common than the idea of initial faith
Gods grace is;
Free, abounding, all-encompassing, sufficient, meets people where they are and endures forever
What are examples of the OT understanding of salvation?
God chose Abraham to become a mighty nation, God chose Israel, God withheld judgment from Israel, the restoration of Israel
What does unconditional double election state?
God elected on no conditions other than it is God's prerogative to do so. God elected believers to eternal life. God elected unbelievers to eternal death (Theodore Beza)
What does unconditional single election believe?
God elects only believers to eternal life (Augustine)
What is the OT understanding of Sanctification?
God himself is said to be holy, He commanded holiness because He is holy, holiness is commanded as a way of life
What does the perfecting of the body entail?
God will raise and transform believer's bodies at the second coming, the believer's body will be free from pain and death
What is the Gospel Call?
God's call of salvation to the hearer
What does conditional single election believe?
God's election is based on the condition of foreseen faith, God's elects based upon the foreseen response of the believer (James Arminius)
What acts as the center of salvation?
Grace
What multiple Hebrew words can be translated as grace in the OT?
Hanan- to show favor, act in a kindly manner Hen- favor from a superior to an inferior person Hesed- spontaneous goodness in the context of relationship Aheb- to love in a gracious way Raham- to show compassion
What does a secular theology entail?
Humanity has come to age now needs to trust in the visible and in explanations that do not assume any transcendent or supersensible entities
What does evangelical theology believe?
Humanity's greatest need is his alienation from God due to his sinful nature, a person is reconciled to God through the work of Jesus Christ, accepted through repentance and faith
Who/what will be saved?
Humans beings, the world itself, animals
What does a liberation theology entail?
Common emphases on the basic problem of society (oppression and exploitation of the powerless classes by the powerful which needs to be eradicated)
Why persevere if I am saved?
"To full attain salvation" (no living Christian currently possesses future salvation) "You might lose it" "To show you have it" Last 2 assume salvation as a past only action
Who was Martin Luther?
(1483-1546) Seminal figure of the 16th century movement Christianity (Protestant Reformation) His turning point was his discovery of "justification by faith" in the book of Romans
What is the evangelical order of salvation?
1. Election/Predestination 2. Gospel Call 3. Conversion 4. Regeneration 5. Justification 6. Adoption 7. Union with Christ 8. Sanctification 9. Perseverance 10. Glorification
What comments would Dr. Small add to the conversation on "loss of salvation"?
1. Genuine Christians can lost their salvation 2. Genuine Christians can lose the assurance and joy of their salvation due to sin 3. Those who totally abandon the faith did not possess genuine faith 4. It is hard to discern between a backslidden Christian from a non-believer
Why does election matter?
1. There should be great joy and confidence in being chosen by God (salvation is primarily God's work not mine) 2. Great encouragement in life when God's plan seems to be lost in the chaos of life
What scripture defines the basis of our union?
2 Corinthians 5:16-18
How many times is metanoia used in the NT?
23
How many times was yasa used in the Old Testament?
353
What does the process of personal reformation (liberal theology) believe?
A communal effort through human striving that seeks to cultivate spiritual life through productive acts of charity and service in solidarity with others
What is the Keswick view of regeneration?
Accepts Christ regeneration (defeated Christian) >> Let go and let God -- Consecration and total surrender // Victorious Christian with inward peace and outward victory
What is the Reformed view of regeneration?
Accepts Christ regeneration >> gradually upward until death >> growth in holiness through spiritual disciplines
What is the Wesleyan view of regeneration?
Accepts Christ's first work of grace (not sanctified) >> Total surrender--perfection second work of grace // Perfect love toward God and man
What are the three reasons humans need grace?
Adam and Eve fell into sin, we participated in Adam and continue to participate as Adam did in sin, and we are unable to bring about personal salvation apart from God's intervention
What is the OT understanding of faith?
Aman- to believe/trust/have faith (does not occur very often in OT)
What is special grace?
An action of God on behalf of the undeserving through Jesus Christ
What is a second blessing experience?
An experience whereby a person more spiritually vital based on a fresh encounter with the Holy Spirit
Who is common grace given to?
Anyone, it is provided as an incentive for sinners to repent, it is often taken for granted and often rejected as something God is doing
What are the various interpretations of perseverance?
Arminians: Saving grace lost by walking after the flesh Lutherans: elect believers persevere, non-elect believers fall away Reformed: God preserves the converted in perseverance to the end
Why are some hearers not saved?
As humans we have both an unwillingness and inability to hear the Gospel both intellectually and volitionally
What is the message of 1 John?
Assurance is gained through seeing the present reality of salvation being worked out in your life
What does through Holy Spirit Baptism (pentecostals) believe?
At justification God imputes righteousness to believers, through a second work of grace Christians are totally immersed in the Holy Spirit, this does not totally purify from the old nature or passions but an intensified consecration to God occurs
What is the Roman Catholic order of salvation?
Baptism >> Confirmation >> Eucharist >> Penance >> Last Anointing
What is human's practical application of calling?
Being an agent of God's calling (preach the Gospel)
What is sanctification?
Being transformed in Christ likeness. To be set apart/holy. In systematic theology it describes God's means of actualizing in forgiven sinners his original creative purpose
What does the perfecting of the soul entail?
Believers will see Jesus face-to-face, they will experience the moral perfecting of our soul/spirit and freedom from the vestiges of sin
Where is liberation theology often found?
Black, Feminist and third world theologies
What is the practical application of faith?
Call others to repentance and faith in Jesus, be ready to put to death sin in your own life, deal constructively with your struggle of faith or doubt
What are the 3 models of grace?
Calvinism, universalism, amyraldianism
What do universalists believe?
Christ died for all, therefore all will be saved (John Hick)
What do calvinists believe?
Christ died only for the elect (John Calvin)
What is union with Christ?
Christ living in me
What do amyraldianists believe?
Christ's death is sufficient for all, yet efficient for the elect (Moses Amyraut)
What are three characteristics of our union with Christ?
Judicial, spiritual, vital
What are the 5 results of regeneration?
Intellectual, volitional, emotional, moral, relational
What is the volitional element?
Involves a determination to forsake sins and amend one's life
What does existential theology/salvation entail?
It calls a person away from their selfish and illusory security to God who is beyond the world and scientific understanding
What is Biblical conversion?
It is defined a conscious act in which a person turns to God in Christ through repentance and faith
Where does Roman Catholic theology believe grace comes from?
It is transmitted through the sacrament of the church, therefore those outside the official church cannot receive it (In recent years, they have been open to the possibility of grace being given outside the church)
What is special grace a gift of?
Jesus Christ, righteousness and salvation, God's power to work through His servants, ministry, spiritual endowments
What does universal election in Christ believe?
Jesus is the eternally elect person by God. The believing community witnesses to the divine election of the race and so summons the world to faith in Christ. (Karl Barth)
What is the scripture that shows that God the Son is working in preservation?
John 10:27-29
Who first popularized the idea of relative perfection?
John Wesley believed in the idea that a Christian can become free from willful transgressions
How is faith represented in 4 dimensions?
John- foundational saving faith is the knowledge of Christ's person and saving work Paul- foundational to saving faith is the hearing and understanding of the Gospel James- foundational to saving faith is an inner change that results in a change of behavior Hebrews- true saving faith perseveres through the difficulties of life
What are some Biblical people that backslid for a season?
Noah, Abraham, King David, Kind Solomon, Peter
Does Israel's corporate election imply salvation?
Nope
How many times is charis used in Paul's letters?
Over 100x
How many times is sub used in the OT?
Over 1050x
What kind of election does the NT teach?
Personal, unconditional election (John 10, Romans 8, Ephesians 1, )
What is the NT understanding of faith?
Pistis- to have faith (used over 240x)
What is the NT understanding of sanctification?
Predominant force towards moral and ethical holiness in thoughts and attitudes/ abstinence from immoral acts/ positive commitment to good and our neighbor
What are the 5 different meanings of regeneration?
Re-creation, a spiritual resurrection from death to life, circumcision of the heart, a washing/signifying the cleansing of former sins, new spiritual birth
What is justification?
Right standing before God
What is the scripture behind faith to faithfulness?
Romans 1:16-17
What is the key text for justification?
Romans 3:21-31
What is the scripture that shows that God the Father is working in preservation?
Romans 8:28-30
What is the OT word for justification?
Sadaq- to be righteous/just (used in judicial context)
What do Keswick and victorious life advocates believe in reference to sanctification?
Sanctification comes through a decisive act of surrender to Christ
What do reformed evangelicals believe in reference to sanctification?
Sanctification comes through the gradual process of becoming holy
What are the 3 practical applications of union with Christ?
Seek vital communion, fruitfulness of union, togetherness with other Christians
What is the formal word for the study of the doctrine of salvation?
Soteriology
What is the New Testament understanding of salvation?
Sozo- rescue, deliver, save
What is regeneration?
Spiritual birth brought forth by the Holy Spirit at conversion, an unconscious transformation brought about by the Holy Spirit at the moment of conversion
What is the OT understanding of repentance?
Sub- to repent, to turn in an opposite direction, to return // large theme in the OT prophets
What is temporary conversion?
When a person receives the word with joy, but has no roots and lasts only for a short time then falls under persecution
What is the Old Testament understanding of grace?
The English word "Grace" is found infrequently in the English OT (37 times KJV, 8 times NIV)
What is the difference between OT and NT grace?
The OT often defined grace in terms of human activity as a superior showing favor to someone of lesser status. The NT reveals the God extends grace in various ways apart from initial conversion such as through spiritual gifts/wisdom
What is conversion?
The divine/human activity in which one becomes a Christian, involves a human response to God's call to salvation
What are the results of justification?
The forgiveness of past sin, the imputation of Christ's righteousness
What is the NT understanding/teaching on calling?
The naming of Jesus, the call to a task/state of life, invitation or command to salvation that can be sinfully disregarded, God's work of drawing a person into a saving relationship with Him
What is the OT understanding/teaching on calling?
The naming of persons/places/things, summons to a task/ministry, corporate calling to national privilege, an invitation for Israel to repent after disobedience, an act of God where He draws people to a saving relationship with Him
What is the emotional element of repentance?
The penitent person abhors sin and experiences Godly sorrow and remorse, not for the pain he has caused himself, but for the grief is has cause God and others
What is the biggest change from Old Testament to New Testament?
The personal dimension comes into full light. The person experiences salvation because of the deliverance from sin accomplished through Jesus
What is the NT understanding of grace?
The principle term for grace (charis) is found 155x in the NT
What does entire sanctification through a "Second Blessing" experience (Wesleyans and the Holiness tradition) believe?
The process of sanctification begins at justification but it is perfected in an instantaneous, transforming work of the Holy Spirit called the second work of grace or second blessing
What is the intellectual element of repentance?
The repentant person must understand God's holiness, righteousness and displeasure against sin
What is common grace?
The undeserved goodness of the Creator God expressed by His general care of creation to all persons without discrimination
How do we experience union with God?
Through prayer/ the Word/ Lord's supper/ Ministry/ Christian love
What does the sacramental process of making righteous (Roman Catholic theology) believe?
Through the sacraments God infuses into the soul justifying grace that remits original sin and imparts the habit of righteousness
What was the aim of existential philosophy?
To produce authentic existence of the individual
What is faith?
Trusting in Jesus as we believe Him for our new life in the present and the continuation into life eternal
What is repentance?
Turning from where we have been in our sinful condition and actions
What are the four historical perspectives on election?
Unconditional double election
What is the need for regeneration?
Unregenerate are morally evil, live in spiritual darkness, slaves to sin, under the sentence of physical/spiritual/eternal death
What is glorification?
Us becoming like Jesus
What are 3 Biblical illustrations of our union?
Vine and branches, divine son and father, Christians with Christ and other believers
What are the privileges of adoption?
We are able to relate to God as Father and God gives us the internal witness of the Holy Spirit that causes us to call God our Father, God understand and takes care of our needs// gives us the Holy Spirit to comfort and empower us // give us the great inheritance of eternity // disciples His children
What three different thoughts are involved in the Time Dimension?
We have been saved (Justification) We are being saved (sanctification) We will be saved (glorification)