Topic 3: Moving West (Test #1)

From the beginning of the Civil War to the 1880s, Nevada yielded ____ million dollars in _____.

306 million; gold (Gold Rush)

This reduced the Chinese population by ____%.

40%

Some sort of recession or panic occurred every ___ to ___ years.

5 to 7

___% of the labor force on the _______ ______ _______ was Chinese.

90%; Central Pacific Railroad

The ____________ and personal interest opens opportunities for labor/work out west. _____ were paid the most; _____ were paid the least.

Transatlantic Railroad; Americans; Mexicans

By 1869, the ________ _______ is complete and thousands of Chinese are out of work. Many of them moved to large cities and developed _________.

Transcontinental Railroad; labor unions

What was the political party that developed based on being against the Chinese?

Working Men's Party of California

Settlers were killing buffalo and not utilizing all of their parts. This enraged the natives. The settlers saw this anger as a threat and the ________ came into protect the settlers and this federal investment.

federal government

Railroads received a lot of ________ with ______ from the government.

free land; low taxes

Farmers began to ______ to stay afloat and continue to make money.

unionize

Samuel Morse

-morse code -speeds up communication, business, decision making, politics, military, life in general

Myth About the Wealthy in America

-most wealthy people were self-made -this was not true; in reality, most wealthy people inherited their money

The Western Tribes: Plains Indians (4 facts)

1. largest % of native Americans 2. major dependence on buffalo 3. lived in temporary living spaces 4. some settled but most were nomadic

Labor in the West: Most people worked on... (3)

1. raches 2. gold mines 3. farms

Tatonka

"the medicine man"

Nicholas Otto

-4 stroke engine (internal combustion engine) -driven by gasoline -makes transportation faster and easier -now we could go UP the Mississippi River

What did Carnegie think about this?

-He believed that money should be used for the good of society at large and himself -says that the wealthy should donate money to enterprises that will help the poor (says that they are greedy otherwise)

Dennis Kearny

-Irish leader of aggression against Chinese Americans -leader of the Working Men's Party of California

Where did the Wright Brothers test their airplanes?

-Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

There was a lot of native activity in ______. Settlers wanted to build roads through there. What happened in response?

-Montana -Sioux Indians harassed them

People had a __________ with railroads. (explain)

-love/hate relationship -they needed them, but they knew they were taking advantage of them

Mexican Americans are seen as not central to ________________. They received a lot of ______ and _______.

-making up the new voting base -racism; exclusion

Carnegie and his fellow partners form the ________________. (explain)

-United States Steel Corporation -the merging of these rival companies to combine their money and assets to make themselves more permanent and control and contract investors -minimized the risk of failure and bankruptcy

Dawes Act

-assimilation act -eliminated "tribal" owning of land; broke up the native American tribal structure -attempt to rid the threat of Native Americans

"The Gospel of Wealth"

-book by Carnegie -a handbook for what to do with excess wealth and fortune

Henry Bessemer and William Kelly

-came up with a process that turned iron into steel (known as the Bessemer Process)

Cornelius Vanderbilt

-consolidates under his control 13 separate railroads -destroys them -creates one line

Bureau of Indian Affairs

-corrupt -these are the people that oversaw the reservations -they partnered with agents to take advantage of natives because they were vulnerable

New Rationalism for Capitalism

-could accumulate vast sums of wealth (made acceptable) -BUT are we able to be responsible with it?

George Eastman

-developed motion picture -basically started the entertainment industry in America

Homestead Act of 1862

-encouraged people from the east to move west and settle -permitted settlers to buy or own 160 acres -there was a small fee; and they had to live on it for 5 years or they would have to pay for it -created a citizen base needed to apply for statehood

Myth About Capitalism

-every capitalist and industrialist are for a free market -this was not true

Skilled Artisanal Work

-everyone is very good at their one job (you had everything to do with the final product) -when the assembly line started, the final product isn't yours and you were easily replaceable -industrialization removed some dignity from creation

Herbert Spencer

-friend of Carnegie -agreed with the Dawes Theory -this is applied to economy (you have the strong overpowering the weak) -also applied to foreign policy

The Wright Brothers

-from Ohio -the first airplane

2nd Market Revolution

-goods processed and fabricated through a transformation of labor and how labor is organized to create massive amounts of trade goods for consumption -affects the American marketplace -traditional commerce is made obsolete by new forms of communication and transportation -big cities become centers for production in the north and south -south begins urbanizing for the first time ("The New South")

Why were some people still critical of him?

-he was giving away tons of money but didn't pay his workers -some thought he was a hypocrite

Thomas Edison

-incandescent light bulb -phonograph (early record player)

Jim Crow Segregation

-legalized segregation barring African Americans from public and social interaction with whites

Henry Ford

-produced the first American-made car -model-T -assembly line

Andrew Carnegie

-responsible for great advances in steel production -started out working in a telegraph office and learns the factory system -makes investments in concentrated iron -also worked on the railroad on a telegraph line -he and his partners owned the largest steel mill in Pennsylvania

Jonny Rockefeller

-standard oil company

Alexander Graham Bell

-telegraph/telephone -typewriter -adding machine (cash register)

When Carnegie dies, he is one of ______________. He is also known as one of the greatest _________ of all time.

-the wealthiest men in the country -philanthropists

Utah was denied. Why?

-they had too many mormons

Industrialization/urbanization dramatically changed the American landscape. Patents?

-went from 37,000 patents from 1790-1860 -1 million patents by 1925

1870s - 1880s 6 territories became states

1. Nevada 2. Colorado 3. Montana 4. Wyoming 5. South Dakota 6. Idaho

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) (5 facts)

1. bans Chinese immigration to the US for 10 years 2. bans those who recently invigorated from becoming naturalized citizens 3. allowed 100 Chinese immigrants to come in every year 4. passed it for another 10 years 5. then became permanent

What 2 things caused a reverse migration of people back to the east?

1. climate change in the Great Plains (drought) 2. people couldn't borrow any more credit and couldn't pay back debt

By the 1890s, ____ of all laundry workers in California were Chinese.

2/3

Mexican people in California were called __________. What were they?

Californios; large plantation owners

This led to the first skyscraper. Where was it?

Chicago

___ ______ takes his tribe and attempts to lead them into _____ to evade revenge from the white people.

Chief Joseph; Canada

______ in the marketplace makes things progress and evolve faster and more efficiently. (keeps the economy growing)

Competition

Sioux rise up again under the leadership of ____________. They upset settler activity in _____ as much as they could. ________ chased native warriors into the state and the warriors trapped him.

Crazy horse and Sitting Bull; Montana; General Custard

What was different about the way Henry Ford treated his workers?

He paid them VERY well and they were loyal to him

In _____, ______ Indians were drinking. On their way back to the reservation they killed ________.

Idaho; Nes Pierce Indians; 4 white settlers

Carnegie collaborated with ______ ______ to create the _____________.

J.P. Morgan; US Steel Corporation

_______ led Apache Indians on raids in _____. What happens to him?

Jeronomoe; Arizona; he is eventually caught

Angry Mexicans, led by ________ raid a _____ in _____________. But, they didn't have the power to maintain ____ _______.

Juan Cortina; jail; Brownsville, Texas; mass resistance

People invest in ________.

Monopolies

_____ trade and ______ was huge overseas during this time and eventually made it's way to America with all of this immigration.

Opium trade and prostitution

_______ were extremely important during this time. This industry was given 50 million acres of land to build on by the federal government.

Railroads

The west became ________, which gave way to the first ______ _____.

Romanticized; tourist economy

_____ _____ flooded into towns, and _______ entered the US in vast quantities.

Rural Americans; immigrants

______, ______, and ____ also immigrated to the US.

Scandinavians, Germans, and Irish

Red Cloud

Sioux Indian who attacked soldiers and road workers, preventing them from finishing the road

The ____, ______, and ______ Indians dominated the west/northwest.

Sioux, Arapaho, Cheyenne

Is is rumored that _______ killed Custard at the battle of _______.

Sitting Bull; Battle of Little Big Horn

There was a lot of _______ influence/culture in the West.

Spanish

There was widespread fear that the ______ and ______ population would take over the New Mexico territory.

Spanish; American

Chinese people began migrating to the US because of the _____________ taking place in China. They were looking for _____ and _____. _______ saw them as competitors in the workforce.

Taiping Rebellion; peace and work; White settlers

_________ rebel against this territorial government and _________. The US establishes another government. In response, Americans and Spanish ________.

Taos Indians; kill the governor; flee north

Cattle Ranching increases greatly in __________.

The Great Plains

What repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act?

The Magnusson Act

What is the one line of railroad that Vanderbilt created?

The New York Central Railroad

What happens to them?

They are caught; many are killed or put in jail.

Nowadays, most everything was consolidated. What did this mean?

This meant that only a few companies owned EVERYTHING.

The idea of a small independent farmer was fading. _______ ______ began to take over.

commercialized agriculture (machines)

This allowed the steel industry to produce _______ which in turn _________.

cheaper steel; increased urbanization

Native Americans were often disregarded. They were not ____________. To keep them quiet, settlers developed the _________________. What did it do?

considered citizens; Indian Peace Commission; rather than move them off their land, settlers created reservations within their states

Basically, this was a time of people __________________.

evading the American government

Companies had to corporatize or they would _____.

fail

By 1880, over ____ of the Chinese women in California were prostitutes.

half

This meant ___ ____ for workers going west. But, there was no ____ _____.

high wages (incentive); job security

By the 1880s, more people lived ______ than _______.

in cities; on farms

Masabee Range

iron ore deposits -owned by Carnegie

What happened in response to this attack?

people started hunting natives ("vigilante justice")

Moral Land Grant Act (1862)

provides more acreage/money to those that planted trees and didn't till up the land

There was an increase in opportunities for Chinese with the advancement of ________.

railroads

The Western Plains Indians were highly susceptible to diseases such as _____ and _____.

smallpox; measles

What did this do?

this becomes a model for a lot of other corporations in America (railroads, telephone companies, sugar, oil, lead, rubber, tobacco, gasoline, automobiles, airplanes etc.)