6.5ABC Elements and Compounds

Atmosphere

A mixture of mainly nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of other gases that surround Earth

Element

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Chemical Formula

A shorthand notation that uses chemical symbols and numbers as subscripts to represent the type of atoms and number of atoms that are present in the smallest unit of the substance

Periodic Table of Elements

An arrangement of the elements according to their atomic numbers and periodic trends of physical and chemical properties

Matter

Anything that has volume and mass

Living Matter

Cells from living matter are made of carbon bonded to other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, or sulfur

Compound

Matter that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined

Pure Substance

Matter that is made up of the same particles throughout

Solid Earth

Oxygen and silicon are the main elements of matter that make up the rock and minerals of Earth's crust

Periods

The horizontal rows in a periodic table that classify the elements by select characteristics

Atomic Number

The number of protons (positive charges) in an atomic nucleus

Chemical Reaction

The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of that element

Chemical Symbol

The symbol that represents each element on the periodic table

Groups

The vertical columns on a periodic table that arrange the elements by select characteristics

Physical Property

Those characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance such as size, shape, luster, conductivity, malleability, and magnetic attraction

Oceans

Water is made up of the elements hydrogen and oxygen