Chemistry Ch. 8
The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO(s) -> 2Hg(l) + O2(g) is classified as a(n) ____________________ reaction.
decomposition
The reaction represented by the equation 2KClO3(s) -> 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) is a(n)
decomposition
The equation AX -> A + X is the general equation for a
decomposition reaction
In what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound?
displacement reaction
The equation AX + BY -> AY + BX is the general equation for a
double-displacement reaction
The decomposition of a substance by an electric current is called
electrolysis
If chlorine gas is produced by halogen replacement, the other halogen in the reaction must be
fluorine
The replacement of bromine by chlorine in a salt is an example of a single-displacement reaction by
halogens
In a chemical equation, the symbol ? over the reaction arrow signifies that the reactants are
heated
Active metals react with certain acids, such as hydrochloric acid, to yield a metal compound and
hydrogen
Group 1 metals react with water to produce metal hydroxides and
hydrogen
Magnesium hydroxide decomposes to yield magnesium oxide and
hydrogen
When placed in water, a metal more active than hydrogen will form two substances, a metal hydroxide and ____________________ gas.
hydrogen
When heated, metallic chlorates decompose into
metallic chlorides and oxygen
In one type of synthesis reaction, an element combines with oxygen to yield a(n)
oxide
When a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to yield a metal chloride and
oxygen
An active metal and a halogen react to form a(n)
salt
A chemical equation is balanced when the
same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products
In the chemical equation 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Pb(NO3)2 (aq) -> 3PbCl2(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq), the state of PbCl2 is a(n)
solid
In what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound?
synthesis reaction
The equation A + X -> AX is the general equation for a(n)
synthesis reaction
In a chemical reaction
the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
In a double-displacement reaction, hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react to produce sodium chloride. Another product is
water
Many metal hydroxides decompose when heated to yield metal oxides and
water
Some acids, such as carbonic acid, decompose to nonmetal oxides and
water
In an equation, the symbol for a substance in water solution is followed by
(aq)
Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2
1,1,1
Which coefficients correctly balance the formula equation NH4NO2(s) -> N2(g) + H2O(l)
1,1,2
What is the balanced equation when aluminum reacts with copper(II) sulfate?
2Al + 3CuSO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu
Which equation is not balanced?
2H2 + O2 -> H2O
Which reaction can be predicted from the activity series?
2H2O(aq) + 2Na(s) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Which reaction does not occur?
2HF(aq) + Cl2(g) -> F2(g) + 2HCl(aq)
When the formula equation CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) -> Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + Cu(s) is correctly balanced, the coefficient of CuSO4(aq) is
3
In the chemical reaction represented by the equation 2Cr(s) + 3O2(g) -> 2CrO3(s), two chromium atoms combine with ____________________ oxygen atoms.
6
When the equation Fe3O4 + Al -> Al2O3 + Fe is correctly balanced, what is the coefficient of Fe?
9
What is the name of a list of elements arranged according to the ease with which they undergo certain chemical reactions?
Activity series
The activity series of metals indicates the ease with which metal
Atoms lose electrons
An insoluble gas that forms in a double-displacement reaction in aqueous solution
Bubbles out of solutions
Which of the following is a formula equation for the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen?
C + O2 -> CO2
The word equation solid carbon + oxygen gas -> carbon dioxide gas + energy, represents a chemical reaction because
CO2 has a chemical properties that differ from those of C and O
Predict what happens when calcium metal is added to a solution of magnesium chloride.
Calcium chloride forms
The reaction of calcium oxide, CaO, with water yields
Calcium hydroxide
When heated, a metal carbonate decomposes into a metal oxide and
Carbon dioxide
In what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances?
Decomposition reaction
The reaction represented by the equation 2HgO(s) -> 2Hg(l) + O2(g) is a(n)
Decomposition reaction
In what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two new compounds
Double-displacement reaction
The reaction represented by the equation Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) -> PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) is a
Double-displacement reaction
In writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is
H2
In writing a formula equation for a reaction that produces hydrogen gas, the correct representation of hydrogen gas is
H2
If a certain metal is placed in an ionic solution containing another metal and no reaction occurs, then the metal originally in the solution is
Higher on the activity series
Predict what happens when lead is added to nitric acid
Hydrogen is released
Which word equation represents the reaction that produces water from hydrogen and oxygen?
Hydrogen plus oxygen yields water
If metal X is lower than metal Y in the activity series, then metal X
Loses electrons less readily than does metal Y
Oxides of active metals, such as CaO, react with water to produce
Metal hydroxides
Some metals, such as iron, react with steam to produce hydrogen gas and a
Metal oxide
In the chemical equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ? 2MgO(s)
Mg represents the reagent magnesium
Predict the product of the reaction represented by the following equation:
MgCO3
Magnesium bromide (aq) + chlorine (g) yields
MgCl2(aq) and Br2(l).
The formulas for the products of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid are
Na2SO4 and H2O
In the word equation, sodium oxide + water -> sodium hydroxide, the formula for sodium hydroxide is represented by
NaOH
Predict what happens when nickel is added to a solution of potassium chloride.
No reaction occurs
Predict what happens when zinc is added to water
No reaction occurs
How would oxygen be represented in the formula equation for the reaction of methane and oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water?
O2
A precipitate may form in a double-displacement reaction when
Positive ions combine with negative ions
When potassium reacts with water, one product formed is
Potassium oxide
When a slightly soluble solid compound is produced in a double-displacement reaction, a
Predicate is formed
What is the balanced equation for the combustion of sulfur?
S(s) + O2(g) -> SO2(g)
The reaction represented by the equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) is a
Single - displacement reaction
The reaction represented by the equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) is classified as a(n) ____________________ reaction.
Single displacement
The reaction represented by the equation Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) -> 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) is a(n)
Single displacemet
The equation A + BX -> AX + B is the general equation for a
Single-displacement reaction
When sodium chlorate, NaClO3, decomposes, the products are
Sodium chloride and oxygen
The reaction represented by the equation 2Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s) is a
Synthesis reaction
When a binary compound decomposes, what is produced?
Two elements
What can be predicted by using an activity series?
Whether a certain chemical reaction will occur
The complete balanced equation for the reaction between zinc hydroxide and acetic acid is
Zn(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH -> Zn(CH3COO)2 + 2H2O.
A chemical formula written over the arrow in a chemical equation signifies
a catalyst for the reaction
What is the small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation
a coefficient
When a solid produced by a chemical reaction separates from the solution it is called
a precipitate
The ability of an element to react is the element's
activity
After the first steps in writing an equation, the equation is balanced by
adjusting coefficients to the smallest whole-number ratio.
In the equation 2Al(s) + 3Fe(NO3)2(aq) -> 3Fe(s) + 2Al(NO3)3(aq), iron has been replaced by
aluminum
According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substances is
always equal to the total mass of the products
An element in the activity series can replace any element
below it on the list
Which observation does not indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred?
change in total mass of substances
To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the
coefficients