APES unit one test
200kilocalories/meter2/year
A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?
Water from the ocean evaporates and condenses in the atmosphere.
Based on the diagram, which of the following statements about the hydrologic cycle is true?
Brittlebrush, grasshopper, grasshopper mouse, rattlesnake, red-tailed hawk
Based on the food web shown above, which of the following correctly describes the flow of energy through the trophic levels from producers to quaternary consumers?
1,000kg
Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?
There will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean.
Farmers in a suburban coastal town started using no-till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image above to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland.
Parasitism
Fleas or ticks that live on dogs that is harming, but not killing it
Mutualism
In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?Mutualism
The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.
Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent.
The atmosphere
The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?
Gross primary productivity
The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.
Freshwater wetlands
This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.
river
This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.
cellular respiration
This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.
profundal zone
where sunlight is not reached and producers can not survive there
Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight
Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity?
Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark.
Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?
Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are then consumed by organisms higher in the food chain.
Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems?
The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.
Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?
Nitrogen fixation
Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers?
If a primary producer stores 10,000kcal10,000kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10kcal10kcal of energy available.
Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?
flow of energy
Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?
The Sun
Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram?
ice caps
Which of the following smaller reservoirs of freshwater are missing from the diagram?
The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil.
Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle?
Tropical rain forest
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?
Tropical rain forest
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area?
Bacteria
Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?
top predator
Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web?
burning fossil fuels
what is a carbon source
The phosphorus cycle
The diagram above best illustrates major processes in which of the following biogeochemical cycles?
Net primary productivity
The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.
Dertritivore
an organism that breaks down dead tissues and waste products into smaller particles
Decomposer
fungi and bacteria that convert organic matter into small elements and molecules that can be recycled back into the ecosystem
benthic zone
the muddy bottom of a lake or pond, and beneath profundal and limnetic zone
vegitation
what holds carbon for the shortest amount of time
