Ch. 21 Collective Behavior & Social Movements
Crowd-protest
A collection of people who gather to protest a political, social, cultural, or economic issue
Crowd - casual,
A collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Crowd-conventional
A collection of ppl who gather for a specific purpose
Crowd-expressive
A collection of ppl who gather primarily to be excited & to express one or more emotions
Rumor
A story based on unreliable sources that is nonetheless passed on from one person to another person.
Social movement-religious
Aims to reinforce religious beliefs among their members & to convert other people to these beliefs.
Riot-purposive
Arises from dissatisfaction over a particular issue & is intended to achieve a specific goal regarding that issue
Social movement-political
Changes they seek are political in nature (reform & revolutionary)
Riot - protest
Expresses discontent over a political, social, cultural, or economic issue.
Riot-symbolic
Expresses general discontent but does not really aim to achieve a specific goal
Riot-celebration
Expresses joy or delight over an event or outcome
Social movement-revolutionary
Goes a step beyond a reform movement by seeking to overthrow the existing gov't & to bring about a new one & even a new way of life.
Riot-issueless
Has no apparent basis or purpose.
Social movement-self-help
Involves people trying to improve aspects of their personal lives
Crowd-acting
One step beyond an expressive crowd by behaving in violent or other destructive behavior
Social movement-reform
Seeks limited, though still significant, changes in some aspect of a nation's political, economic, or social systems
Riot-revelous
The same as a celebration riot
Social movement-reactionary
Tries to block social change or to reverse social change that have already been achieved
Craze
a temporary activity that attracts the obsessive enthusiasm of a relatively small group of people
Fad
an insignificant activity or product that is popular for a relatively short time
Disaster behavior
how people behave during and after a disaster
Collective behavior
relatively spontaneous and relatively unstructured behavior by large numbers of individuals acting with or being influenced by other individuals
Contagion Theory
theory that says collective behavior is emotional & irrational, & results from the hypnotic influence of the crowd
Value-added Theory (Structural-Strain Theory)
theory that says collective behavior results when several conditions exist, including structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, & lack of social control
Convergence Theory
theory that says crowd behavior reflects the beliefs & intentions that individuals already share before they join a crowd
Emergent Norm Theory
theory that says people aren't sure how to behave when they begin to interact in collective behavior, so they discuss their potential behavior & norms of their behavior emerge, & social order & rationality then guide their behavior
Political Opportunity Theory
theory that says social movements are more likely to arise & succeed when political opportunities for their emergence exist or develop
Resource Mobilization Theory
theory that says that social movement activity is a rational response to unsatisfactory conditions in society
Relative deprivation
when people feel deprived relative to some other group or to some ideal state they have not reached
Moral panic
widespread concern over a perceived threat to the moral order that turns out to be false or greatly exaggerated
Mass hysteria
widespread, intense fear of & concern for a danger that turns out to be false or greatly exaggerated