Chapter 11 Principles of Management Quiz

__________ theory proposes that people will behave based on their perceived likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain outcome and on how highly they value that outcome.

Expectancy

__________ involves the instances of withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence.

Extinction

__________ is an example of positive reinforcement.

Giving letters of commendation

__________ is the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.

Instrumentality

Which statement is accurate regarding the importance of Maslow's need hierarchy for managers?

It sensitizes managers to the importance of personal growth.

__________ is the act of giving people additional tasks at the same time to alleviate boredom.

Job enlargement

__________ is the act of changing a task to make it inherently more rewarding, motivating, and satisfying for the people concerned.

Job enrichment

__________ is a consequence a person receives for his or her performance.

Outcome

__________ create a workplace that enhances employee well-being and satisfaction.

Quality of work life (QWL) programs

Vertical stretch goals are

aligned with current activities, including productivity and financial results.

Growth need strength is best defined as the

degree to which people desire personal and psychological development.

Expectancy theory includes the following events, in order:

effort, performance, and outcome valence.

For motivation to be high, total valence of all outcomes must be

high

Advocates of quality of work life (QWL) programs assert that it benefits the organization by

improving productivity

According to Herzberg, the key to true job satisfaction and motivation to perform lies in

motivators

Hector, a manager at Roseland Corp., recently illustrated __________ by promoting two employees because their performance had greatly improved.

positive reinforcement

In Maslow's need hierarchy, __________ need refers to a need for friendship, affection, belonging, and love.

social

Stretch goals are the

targets that are exceptionally demanding and novel.

Constitutionalism in the workplace refers to

the rights of personal privacy, dissent, and due process.

Every year, Tandy's previous manager developed and given her a list of performance goals for the upcoming year, and then proceeded to criticize her for not fully achieving her previous year's goals—goals that he had developed and given to her. And, in fact, Tandy was not always motivated to achieve the goals prescribed for her. But Tandy's new manager is a breath of fresh air. Tandy tells her roommate, "My new manager lets me participate in goal-setting for my work and, as a result,

we tend to generate goals that I accept and pursue willingly."