Chapter 24 - Urinary System

how much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

1%

the external urethral sphincter is located

at the urogenital diaphragm

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla?

collecting duct

the most superficial layer of the kidney is the

cortex

The function of the collecting duct is to

determine the final volume and concentration of urine

contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder

detrusor

which vessels in the nephrons function in filtration

glomerular capillaries

Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane?

granular cells

vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the

medial hilum

Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle?

nephron loop

which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla

nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are

openings of papillary ducts

in the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by

parasymphathetic fibers

the micturition center is located in what part of the brain

pons

which of these sequences correctly traces arterial blood as it flows from the renal artery to the renal cortex

segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillary

the longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the

spongy urethra

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

what type of epithelium lines the lumen of the ureter, urinary bladder, and proximal portions of the urethra?

transitional epithelium

before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

renal pelvis

urine passes through the...

renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra

which structures is/are confined to the renal medulla

the thin segments of the nephron loop

T/F: in females, the urinary bladder lies anterior to the vagina and uterus

true

T/F: the glomerular capsule and the glomerular capillaries together make up the renal corpuscle

true

T/F: urine drains from the kidney in the following sequence: from the collecting duct to the minor calynx to the major calynx to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter

true

T/F: urine flows from the kidney to the bladder by gravity and peristalsis

true

what is an important part of the kidney's urine-concentrating mechanism found surrounding the nephron loops (loops of Henle) of juxtamedullary nephrons

vasa recta

knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole

glomerulus

the mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

have the same basic function as transitional epithelium accomodating stretch as the bladder fills

the name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

internal urethral orifice

what happens in tubular resorption?

most nutrients, water, and essential ions are returned to the blood renal capillaries

when full, an adult urinary bladder contains about _____ of urine

500 mL

contraction of the bladder's _____ muscle squeezes from the bladder during urination

detrusor

the only region of a nephron where__________ takes place is the glomerulus.

filtration

what's the actual filter that lies between the blood in the glomerulus and the capsular space

filtration membrane

processes that participates in the production of urine in the kidney

filtration, resorption, secretion NOT evaporation