chapter 28 complementary and alternative therapies
The practitioner of therapeutic touch is listening with his/her a) Hands b) Mind c) Soul d) Ears
Hands Explanation: In the second phase of therapeutic touch, the practitioner is listening with his or her hands. 713
The mind and body are connected in the provision of care. This statement describes what? a) Altruistic care b) Allopathic care c) Homeopathic care d) Holistic care
Holistic care Explanation: Holistic interventions focus on the interrelated needs of body, mind, emotions, and spirit. 701
Which of the following manipulative therapies involves applying pressure and movement to stretch soft tissues? a) Massage therapy b) Acupuncture c) Sound healing d) Aromatherapy
Massage therapy Explanation: Massage therapy involves applying pressure and movement to stretch and knead soft body tissues. 715
A client with a diagnosis of bladder cancer has recently been given a poor prognosis following the results of her latest computed tomography (CT) scan. When speaking with the nurse, the client has alluded to the harmful role of malicious spirits. Which of the following systems of CAT most highly prioritizes the role of the spirit world? a) Homeopathy b) Shamanism c) Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) d) Naturopathy
Shamanism Explanation: In shamanism, illness and other forms of distress are thought to originate in the spirit world, and a shaman is an individual with unique access to this world. The spirit world is not prioritized in the traditions of homeopathy, TCM, and naturopathy 708
The nurse is providing care to all of the following clients. The nurse assesses that the client most likely to be using any form of complementary and alternative therapy is the one who is a) a smoker. b) a college graduate. c) 74 years old. d) uninsured.
a college graduate. Explanation: A 2002 National Health Interview Survey found adults who have higher levels of education, private health insurance, are between ages 30 and 69, and are former smokers demonstrate a higher incidence of using some form of complementary and alternative therapy. 702
The client, who is at home, reports persistent nausea and is vomiting following chemotherapy treatment. Prescribed medications have brought no relief for the client. The client asks the nurse to prepare a solution of essential oils to relieve the nausea. The nurse chooses the oil a) lavender. b) chamomile. c) peppermint. d) vanilla.
peppermint. Explanation: The use of essential oils to treat symptoms is called aromatherapy. Peppermint is used in the treatment of nausea. The other listed oils are used for the treatment of insomnia. 712
When practicing therapeutic touch, the practitioner begins by performing which intervention? a) Moving her hands 2 to 6 inches away from the patient's skin surface b) Bringing the practitioner's attention to an inward peaceful consciousness c) Embracing the client for energy d) Calling to rebalance the soul
Bringing the practitioner's attention to an inward peaceful consciousness Explanation: The first and most significant part of the therapeutic touch is termed centering. The practitioner brings his or her attention inward to a quiet, still, peaceful state of consciousness. 713
The imbalance of which of the following can by the result of stress, lifestyle, and improper diet? a) Qi b) Doshas c) Chakras d) Aura
Doshas Explanation: Imbalance of the doshas can be caused by a number of factors, including stress, lifestyle, and improper diet. Qi represents an invisible flow of energy that circulates through plants, animals, and people. Chakras are concentrated areas of energy. An aura consists of at least seven layers of energy that surround the body. 713
Which of the following is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole? a) Holism b) Complementary therapies c) Allopathic medicine d) Integrative care
Holism Explanation: Holism is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. Complementary therapies can be used with traditional medical interventions and complement them. Allopathic medicine is also known as biomedicine. Integrative care uses a combination of allopathic medicine and complementary and alternative therapies. 701
A home care nurse delivers care that incorporates a philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. Which term best describes this philosophy? a) Integrative care b) Complementary therapy c) Homeopathy d) Holism
Holism Explanation: Holism is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. Complementary therapy can be used to complement traditional medical interventions. Integrative care often incorporates sharing the responsibility in coordinating the best possible treatment plan for a client, including the client's choices for care and the provider's expertise. Homeopathy is based on the belief of supporting the body while the symptoms are allowed to "run their course." 701
Which of the following is a principle of Therapeutic Touch? a) Illness is a balance in an individual's energy field. b) Human beings have natural abilities to transform and transcend their conditions of living. c) Human beings are a closed energy system d) Human beings are unilaterally symmetrical.
Human beings have natural abilities to transform and transcend their conditions of living. Explanation: Principles of Therapeutic Touch include human beings who are open to energy systems, are bilaterally symmetrical, and have natural abilities to transform and transcend their conditions of living. Illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field. 713
After developing good rapport with a client over the past several weeks, a nurse has offered to perform Therapeutic Touch (TT) on a client who has been experiencing recurrent nausea. Which of the following principles underlies TT? a) Restless spirits are able to cause health problems. b) Deep manipulation of body tissues facilitates healing. c) Manipulation of the spine allows the nervous system to function optimally. d) Illness results from an imbalanced energy field.
Illness results from an imbalanced energy field. Explanation: Among the premises of TT is the belief that illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field. TT does not typically involve deep manipulation of the patient's body in general (or spine in particular). The role of the spirit world is not emphasized in TT. 713
Which of the following has been known to achieve benefits for clients with cancer through the use of the mind to visualize a positive physiologic effect? a) Biofeedback b) Humor c) Hypnosis d) Imagery
Imagery Explanation: Imagery is a physiologic technique that uses the mind to visualize a positive physiologic effect. When using imagery, clients conjure up mental images of their body waging and winning a battle with the disease process. Hypnosis is a therapeutic intervention that facilitates a physiologic change through the power of suggestion. Humor would not be appropriate in this situation. Biofeedback is a technique in which a person voluntarily controls one or more physiologic functions. 711
Which of the following is an important benefit of incorporating laughter therapeutically? a) Affects limbic system of the brain b) Increases cortisol levels c) Improves immune response d) Blocks the release of endorphins
Improves immune response Explanation: Laughter improves immune response by increasing the number of white blood cells. 712
Integrative healthcare more accurately reflects the cross-disciplinary reality and progressive acceptance of a broader aspect of care. Which of the following characterizes integral medicine? a) Incorporates Western medicine b) Incorporates all dimensions of healing c) Incorporates all types of meditations d) Incorporates traditional Chinese medicine
Incorporates all dimensions of healing Explanation: Integral medicine proposes to incorporate all dimensions of healing. This expanded view includes not only the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of care but also the social, political, ecological, metaphysical, and cosmological dimensions. Traditional Chinese medicine, Western medicine, and meditation are single entities. 701
In which of the following therapies is it believed that the practitioner gathers knowledge about the disease and its cure from a higher power, or the spirit world? a) Ayurveda b) Native American system c) Chinese medicine d) Herbal therapy
Native American system Explanation: In the Native American system of medicine, the shaman or medicine man or woman goes into a trance and communicates with a higher power to gather knowledge about the disease and its remedy. Herbal therapy uses herbs with medicinal value, and Ayurveda and Chinese medicine do not involve shamans and such spiritual practices. 708
The client has been diagnosed with a disease and is seeking information about naturopathy. The nurse, explaining about naturopathy, encourages the client to do what? a) Obtain adequate sleep each night. b) Concentrate on the implications of the disease. c) Include well-cooked processed foods in diet. d) Exercise at least once per week.
Obtain adequate sleep each night. Explanation: In naturopathy, illness can be attributed to practicing unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as inadequate time for exercise, eating processed foods, and concentrating on negative thoughts. A positive practice would be obtaining adequate sleep each night. 710
A client asks the nurse about using acupuncture as a treatment for various conditions. For which condition would the nurse most likely recommend the its use? a) Stroke b) Osteoarthritis c) Gout d) Myocardial infarction
Osteoarthritis Explanation: Acupuncture can be used to correct disharmony or prevent disharmony from developing. Research has shown that acupuncture is effective for the prophylaxis of migraine headaches as well as osteoarthritis of the knee, low back pain, and chronic pain and headaches. Acupuncture has not be shown to be effective for conditions such as gout, stroke or myocardial infarction. 707
An occupational therapist conducts daily relaxation exercises with clients who are receiving treatment on the psychiatric unit of a hospital. Stimulation of which of the following components of the nervous system will result in relaxation for the clients? a) Sympathetic nervous system b) Autonomic nervous system c) Central nervous system d) Parasympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system Explanation: Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in an alleviation of stress. Direct stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system increases stress. The autonomic nervous system encompasses both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; neither is stimulated to facilitate relaxation. 711
Which of the following considerations should a nurse prioritize surrounding the use of herbs and supplements by a client? a) Pharmacological alternatives to herbs and supplements b) Potential interactions with drugs c) The client's cultural background and beliefs d) The client's previous use of herbal supplements
Potential interactions with drugs Explanation: Safety is paramount when herbs and supplements are being considered. One of the most salient safety considerations surrounds the potential for drug interactions. This consideration supersedes a client's culture and previous use of herbs. It is beyond most nurses' scope of practice to recommend pharmacological alternatives to an herb or supplement. 707
A nurse wishing to learn about techniques of therapeutic touch is referred to a trained practitioner to observe the technique. While the practitioner is in the centering stage, which activity would the nurse most likely observe? a) Practitioner modulates energy with the goal of restoring balance b) Practitioner moves the hands two to six inches from the client's skin surface c) Practitioner brings attention inward to a peaceful state of consciousness d) Practitioner gathers information about energy fields and energy flow
Practitioner brings attention inward to a peaceful state of consciousness Explanation: During the centering stage of the therapeutic touch, the practitioner brings attention inward to a peaceful state of consciousness. During the assessment stage, the practitioner moves the hands two to six inches from the client's skin surface and gathers information about energy fields and energy flow. During the treatment phase, the practitioner modulates energy with the goal of restoring balance. 713
The nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient and asks the patient's permission to incorporate therapeutic touch into the care provided. The nurse's goal for this patient is to: a) Prolong life b) Bring strength c) Produce relaxation d) Control the dying process
Produce relaxation Explanation: While therapeutic touch does not cure the underlying disease, it does seem to decrease pain, provide relaxation, and help many dying people experience the final transformation with peace and acceptance. 713
In response to a client's question about botanicals and herbs, the nurse explains that these terms are often used interchangeably. The client then asks the nurse about how to make sure that the product is safe. The nurse would emphasize the need for the client to check for which of the following when purchasing herbal products? a) Amount of ingredient b) Quality seal c) Date of expiration d) Type of herb
Quality seal Explanation: The consumer should look for the quality seal when buying herbal products. It is recommended that clients purchase products from companies with a U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) or National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) quality seal or those that have passed tests by consumer labs or have been clinically tested. Checking for the amount of ingredient, date of expiration, and type of herb applies to all types of purchases. 715
On the advice of friends, a client on a palliative care unit has requested acupuncture. What it is the goal of this form of CAT? a) Restoring a healthy flow of energy along the meridians of the body b) Reconnecting the client's body, spirit, and emotions c) Allowing accumulated toxins to be released from the body d) Altering the client's perception and acceptance of reality
Restoring a healthy flow of energy along the meridians of the body Explanation: Acupuncture either increases or decreases the flow of qi along the meridians of the body. It does not directly address the relationships between body, spirit, and emotions, nor does it aim to release toxins or change an individual's perception of reality. 705
A client asks the nurse to describe the difference between conventional medical systems and alternative medical systems. Which of the following is a true statement regarding alternative medical systems? a) Formal licensure is needed for practice. b) They focus on treating illness or injury. c) They rely heavily on medicinal plants; clients may expect nurses to administer supplements. d) They are based on the belief that health results from normal physiological function.
They rely heavily on medicinal plants; clients may expect nurses to administer supplements. Explanation: Alternative medical systems rely heavily on medicinal plants, and clients may expect nurses to administer herbal preparations or nutritional supplements. Conventional medical systems require formal licensure for practice, believe that health status results from normal physiologic function, and focus on treating illness or injury. 699
When obtaining information for a database, which of the following represents a nurse commitment and interest in reflected integrative medicine (CAM)? a) "What prescription medications do you take daily?" b) "What types of foods do you consume in 24 hours?" c) "What diseases do you suffer from and what are your allergies?" d) "Do you take any vitamins or minerals, and if so, what?"
"Do you take any vitamins or minerals, and if so, what?" Explanation: Starting with the initial contact with a client, the nurse includes a basic assessment of his or her use of CAM in an intake interview. The nurse asks about vitamins and supplements as well as any healing practices. 704
Which of the nurse's following statements most clearly expresses the philosophy of holism? a) "There is an invisible but very tangible life-force that permeates every part of your being." b) "Every system in your body is in constant interaction with the others, as well as with the environment that surrounds you." c) "There is no point in treating your body; we need to focus on your mind." d) "The western-based, biomedical model of medicine has a number of shortcomings that aren't usually acknowledged."
"Every system in your body is in constant interaction with the others, as well as with the environment that surrounds you." Explanation: Holism is a theory and philosophy that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole as well as the body's interaction with the environment. Holism does not emphasize the presence of a life-force, nor is it necessarily a counterpoint to the biomedical model. While a focus on the mind is congruent with holism, this does not preclude treatment of bodily symptoms. 701
Which of the following would be the least consistent with the Native American medicine view of disease? a) Balance of yin and yang b) Disharmony with Mother Earth c) A result of negative thinking d) Violation of a taboo
Balance of yin and yang Explanation: The Native Americans view disease as a disharmony with Mother Earth, a result of negative thinking, or violation of a taboo. Chinese medicine proposes that health is the outcome of balancing yin and yang 708-709
What type of practice was challenged by clients who want to be treated as whole persons, not just as a disease? a) Holistic care b) Homeopathic care c) Allopathic medicine d) Altruistic medicine
Allopathic medicine Explanation: Allopathic medicine was challenged by "patients who wanted to be treated as whole persons, not just as a disease". 716
What term is defined as "those practices that do not form part of the dominant system for managing health and disease"? a) Complementary health b) Homeopathic medicine c) Holistic healthcare d) Alternative medicine
Alternative medicine Explanation: Complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) was introduced in 1996 and generally refers to "those practices that do not form part of the dominant system for managing health and disease." Holistic practitioners try to combine the proven successes of Western modern medicine and a wide range of therapies considered complementary or alternative medicine 702
A client suffers from chronic pain. The nurse suggests the client have monthly massages. This is an example of a) Adjuvant medicine b) Alternative medicine c) Palliative medicine d) Allopathic medicine
Alternative medicine Explanation: The use of conventional therapy as seen with CAM includes the use of herbal medicine, massage, megavitamins, self-help groups, folk remedies, energy healing, and homeopathy. 702
Which of the following is considered a holistic approach to food choices? a) Vegetarian diets should be avoided because they limit options. b) The carbonation in soft drinks is beneficial to health. c) Increase intake of natural sugar. d) Avoid eating foods with preservatives.
Avoid eating foods with preservatives. Explanation: A holistic approach to food includes avoiding eating foods with preservatives and reducing or eliminating the amount of soft drinks consumed. It also recommends a vegetarian diet and reducing intake of refined and natural sugars 716
Which of the following common types of yoga is done in a 105-degree studio and includes 26 set postures? a) Kripalu b) Iyengar c) Ashtanga d) Bikram
Bikram Explanation: Bikram is done in a 105-degree studio and includes 26 set postures. Ashtanga focuses on synchronizing breath with a fast-paced series of postures. Iyengar focuses on proper alignment and holding pose for a relatively longer time. Kripalu is also known as gentle yoga, and it focuses on relaxation and coming into balance. 707
Which of the following methods involves using a special machine to become alert to body processes and to learn to control them? a) Reflexology b) Biofeedback c) Magnetism d) Acupuncture
Biofeedback Explanation: Biofeedback involves using a special machine to become alert to body processes and to learn to control them. Practitioners of reflexology claim that reflex centers in the extremities have more than 7,000 nerve endings connected to the body organs and tissues. When pressure is applied to one reflex center, the impulse travels to the spinal cord and brain. Acupuncture requires the use of needles. 704
Which type of mind-body medicine is being used to help chronic pain? a) Biofeedback b) Hypnosis c) Humor d) Imagery
Biofeedback Explanation: Biofeedback is being used in the United States to help chronic pain. 704
Which of the following CAT practices is considered to be a whole medical system? a) Qi gong b) Acupuncture c) Yoga d) Chiropractic
Chiropractic Explanation: Yoga is a component of the medical system of Ayurveda, while acupuncture and qi gong are practices within the system of Chinese traditional medicine. Chiropractic medicine, in contrast, is characterized as a complete and independent medical system. 705
Allopathic medicine is less effective in the care of patients with which of the following? a) Acute illnesses b) Surgical needs c) Chronic illnesses d) Emergency situations
Chronic illnesses Explanation: Allopathic medical care is particularly effective when aggressive treatment is needed in emergency or acute situations but has not been effective in dealing with chronic illnesses, the current primary health problem. 699
What nurse theorist developed therapeutic touch? a) Jean Watson b) Delores Krieger c) Dorothea Orem d) Martha Rogers
Delores Krieger Explanation: Therapeutic touch, a healing method used by thousands of nurses and other professionals, was developed more than 30 years ago by Dora Kunz, a healer, and Dolores Krieger, an emeritus member of New York University's nursing faculty. 713
While interviewing a client during a routine health visit, the client informs the nurse that he meditates regularly to combat stress. The nurse demonstrates understanding of this technique as involving which of the following? a) Stimulating the meridians b) Consciously directing energy exchange c) Engaging in deep personal thought and reflection d) Balancing Yin and Yang
Engaging in deep personal thought and reflection Explanation: Meditation involves deep personal thoughts and reflection. The stimulation of meridians is done in acupuncture. Balance between Yin and Yang is the basis of traditional Chinese medicine. Therapeutic touch involves consciously directed energy exchange. 711
A nurse is using a technique that involves the five senses to visualize recovering from an upcoming surgical procedure. What type of technique is the nurse teaching the client to use? a) Yoga b) Guided imagery c) Aromatherapy d) Prayer
Guided imagery Explanation: Guided imagery involves using five senses to imagine an event or body process unfolding according to plan. Yoga is the practice of physical postures that promotes strength and flexibility. Prayer does not involve the five senses and is difficult to measure. Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils of plants to treat symptoms. 711
A patient wishes to integrate CAT into her treatment regimen for ovarian cancer. Which of the following modalities requires the most careful consideration by her healthcare team due to the potential for harm? a) Yoga b) Herbal remedies c) Healing touch d) Therapeutic touch (TT)
Herbal remedies Explanation: Despite the fact that they are "natural," many herbal remedies carry significant health risks. TT, healing touch, and yoga are much less likely to carry a potential for harm. 715
Which of the following would be the least consistent as a reason for the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)? a) Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine b) Difficulty meeting rising health care costs c) Increasing numbers of acute conditions d) Growth of culturally diverse groups
Increasing numbers of acute conditions Explanation: There are increasing numbers of people with chronic, incurable conditions. Reasons to use CAM include dissatisfaction with conventional medicine, difficulty meeting rising health care costs, and a growth of culturally diverse groups 702
Chiropractors treat disorders by which of the following methods? a) Applying force to a specific location b) Massaging the area to encourage circulation c) Manipulating the spine to align vertebrae d) Channeling the universal energy
Manipulating the spine to align vertebrae Explanation: According to chiropractic theory, misalignment of the spinal vertebrae changes activities of nerves that control body functions. This may lead to diseases. Spine manipulation treats the disorders by correcting the alignment of the vertebrae. Applying force to a specific location is the method of acupressure and not chiropractic. Massage improves circulation, but this is not the main job of the chiropractor. Channeling universal energy happens only in Reiki. 710
A client is very anxious before an invasive procedure. What CAM therapy would be most helpful to assist in decreasing anxiety? a) Acupuncture b) Herbs c) Meditation d) Chinese medicine
Meditation Explanation: Meditation is a way to tune and train the mind, leading to greater efficiency in everyday life. This will be most helpful in assisting this client to decrease the stress level. Chinese medicine has a very broad base and includes meditation, acupuncture, and herbs. 711
The client is postoperative. The nurse is practicing healing touch with the client. Which of the following would the nurse evaluate as an expected outcome of healing touch? a) The client states that his anxiety following surgery has decreased. b) The wound is not approximated three days following surgery. c) The client's temperature has remained at or below 100.4ºF d) The client reports pain as a "6" on a 0 to 10 pain scale.
The client states that his anxiety following surgery has decreased. Explanation: Healing touch may reduce the client's anxiety, stimulate wound healing, relieve pain, and promote health. The wound not being approximated, pain level of "6", and temperature of 100.4ºF are not expected outcomes of healing touch 714
Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. The nurse is slightly overweight and decides to take a holistic approach to losing weight. The nurse does which of the following: a) Eliminate cola drinks b) Reduce ingestion of canned foods c) Adopt a primarily vegetarian diet d) Substitute aspartame for sugar in coffee e) Ingest fresh grapefruit every da
• Eliminate cola drinks • Reduce ingestion of canned foods • Adopt a primarily vegetarian diet Explanation: Holistic approaches to food choices include eliminating cola drinks, reducing ingestion of canned foods, and adopting a primarily vegetarian diet. Ingesting fresh grapefruit every day when out of season and substituting aspartame are not examples of a holistic approach to food choices. 716
A patient with dermatitis has sought care from a homeopathic practitioner seeking treatment for her dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Which of the following statements is characteristic of homeopathy? a) "I'm going to recommend a diluted solution that is derived from poison ivy." b) "I'm going to provide you with an herbal balm that is based on the aloe vera plant." c) "This skin problem is actually indicative of blocked energy in your body; I'm going to teach you how to relax deeply." d) "This is not simply a skin problem, but rather a spiritual problem that is manifesting itself in your skin."
"I'm going to recommend a diluted solution that is derived from poison ivy." Explanation: Homeopathic practice is based on two fundamental laws. The Law of Similars states that a natural substance that produces a given symptom (such as pruritus) in a healthy person will cure it in a sick person. The Law of Infinitesimals states that the smallest dose possible (such as highly diluted preparation) will have the desired effect. Homeopathy does not prioritize the spiritual dimension of illness, herbal remedies, or the flow of energy. 709
Which of the following questions or statements to a client convey acceptance? a) "Have you ever discussed taking vitamins and supplements with your doctor?" b) "What helpful herbal supplements are you taking?" c) "You know supplements can be harmful. Do you take any supplements?' d) "Will you please share with me the prescription medicines and vitamins you take?"
"Will you please share with me the prescription medicines and vitamins you take?" Explanation: Starting with the initial contact with a client, the nurse includes a basic assessment of his or her use of CAM in any intake interview. The nurse asks about vitamins and supplements as well as any healing practices 717
For which of the following patients is CAT most likely to be of benefit? a) A patient who has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of sepsis b) A patient whose poorly controlled diabetes has resulted in kidney failure c) A patient who experiences persistent fatigue as a result of chronic pain d) A patient who requires treatment for pneumonia after being ventilated for several weeks
A patient who experiences persistent fatigue as a result of chronic pain Explanation: CAT has shown particular benefit in the treatment of chronic conditions. Emergent and acute health needs, such as infections and organ failure, have been treated with more success with allopathic medicine. 699
While assessing a client, the client tells the nurse that he is a follower of traditional Chinese medicine and the concept of qi. Based on the nurse's understanding of this concept, which of the following treatment modalities would the nurse expect the client to mention? a) Physiotherapy b) Therapeutic touch c) Allopathy d) Acupuncture
Acupuncture Explanation: Acupuncture is based on energy regulation of qi through meridians. It is a core principle in traditional Chinese medicine. Therapeutic touch is not a form of traditional Chinese medicine and is based on the consciously directed process of energy exchange. Physiotherapy and allopathy are not based on the concept of qi. 707
Which of the following addresses a person's qi by placing very thin, short, sterile needles at particular locations on the body? a) Reflexology b) Acupuncture c) Aromatherapy d) Shiatsu
Acupuncture Explanation: Acupuncture is considered a form of energy therapy because its goal is to restore balance and free flow of energy in the body. It addresses a person's qi by placing very thin, short, sterile needles at particular locations on the body. Shiatsu and reflexology belong to the group of manipulative and body-based therapies. Aromatherapy is a biologically based practice. 707
A client is asking for the nurse to explain acupuncture. What would you tell the client? a) Acupuncture is a dangerous option for the treatment of disease b) Acupuncture is only done in Eastern countries c) Acupuncture is used to correct disharmony d) Acupuncture is beneficial to creating a mood of distraction
Acupuncture is used to correct disharmony Explanation: Acupuncture can be used to correct disharmony or prevent disharmony from developing. 705
Understanding one's dosha, or basic constitution, is central to which type of whole medical system? a) Naturopathy b) Ayurveda c) Chiropractic medicine d) Traditional Chinese medicine
Ayurveda Explanation: Central to Ayurvedic medicine is understanding the client's basic constitution, or dosha. People can display one dosha predominantly or can be a combination of two or three doshas. 705
A nursing instructor invites a nurse who specializes in healing touch to her classroom to discuss with students the effect healing touch has on pain management. This is an example of what? a) Evaluating the effect of healing touch on her students b) Familiarizing students with CAM modalities c) Allowing for discussion about adjuvant therapy d) Instructing students so they can use healing touch
Familiarizing students with CAM modalities Explanation: Some nurses may choose to become trained in particular CAM modalities and then integrate them into their own practice. 717
According to current research, CAT use is greater in which of the following? a) Men than in women b) People with low levels of education c) Individuals who were former smokers d) People who have never been hospitalized
Individuals who were former smokers Explanation: CAT use is greater in former smokers than in current smokers or those who have never smoked, in women than in men, in people with higher education levels, and in people who have been hospitalized in the past year. 702
What is the most frequently used CAT in the United States (according to data related to 2007)? a) Yoga b) Chiropractics c) Natural products d) Meditation
Natural products Explanation: In 2007, the most commonly used CAT by adults in the United States were nonvitamin, nonmineral, natural products (17.7%). 8.6% used chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation, and 6.1% used yoga. Meditation was used by 9.4% 702
In the 1970s, in children with cancer, how did guided imagery help? a) Thinking of white cells destroying cancer increases cell count. b) Thinking happy thoughts makes the client forget the pain. c) Concentration controls cancer. d) Thinking of cancer-free days makes the client feel better.
Thinking of white cells destroying cancer increases cell count. Explanation: Guided imagery was first used in the 1970s by children with leukemia; the children were asked to imagine their white blood cells "gobbling up" the cancer cells. In imagery, the client visualizes a positive physiologic outcome. Concentration has to be focused on a specific goal, such as destruction of cancer by white cells, for imagery to work. 712
The concepts of invisible energy flow that circulates through plants, animals, and people, as well as the earth and sky, and the balance of this energy are central to which medical system? a) Shamanism b) Traditional Chinese medicine c) Ayurveda d) Naturopathy
Traditional Chinese medicine Explanation: Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on qi or chi (energy). Qi represents an invisible flow of energy that circulates through plants, animals, people, earth and sky, and includes the balance of this energy to maintain health. Ayurveda is a science that delineates diet, medicines, and behaviors that are beneficial or harmful for life. Shamanism teaches that illness and other forms of distress originate in the spirit world. Naturopathy teaches that illness can be attributed to ignoring the "laws of nature." 707
A client is taking ginkgo to improve her memory. In the education plan regarding this herb, the nurse should include which of the following? a) Use caution if taking aspirin. b) There is a possible sensitivity to light. c) Avoid this herb if allergic to plants. d) It may raise blood pressure.
Use caution if taking aspirin. Explanation: Clients should be advised to use caution if taking aspirin in conjunction with ginkgo. Ginseng may raise blood pressure. Avoid echinacea if allergic to plants in the daisy family. Taking St. John's wort may cause sensitivity to light. 715
The nurse is providing information about warfarin (Coumadin) to a client who takes herbal products. The nurse states, "Some herbs interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin. Do you take ... a) echinacea?" b) ginkgo biloba?" c) goldenseal?" d) tumeric?"
ginkgo biloba?" Explanation: Ginkgo biloba is an herb that affects platelet function. As a result, it should not be used with warfarin. 715
The client informed the nurse he takes glucosamine and chondroitin, examples of complementary medicine, for arthritis in addition to prescribed medications. The nurse lacks information about these two substances. The best action of the nurse is to a) review the National Institutes of Health's website for information. b) research the manufacturer's literature about glucosamine and chondroitin. c) ask the client for information about glucosamine and chondroitin. d) inform the client these substances cannot be safely taken with prescribed medications.
review the National Institutes of Health's website for information. Explanation: The nurse needs to be informed and can find reliable information at the National Institutes of Health's website. The manufacturer's information is biased. The nurse is unable to state these substances cannot be taken with prescribed medications due to lack of knowledge of the nurse. Information from the client about complementary medicine may be inaccurate. 703
Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. The client who has back pain is asking the nurse about alternative therapies for pain relief. The statements by the nurse that provide the client with the best information about alternative therapy for pain relief are: a) "Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation in the body." b) "Acetaminophen (Tylenol) will block pain receptors." c) "Visualizing a positive outcome will reduce stress and, thus, pain." d) "Ginger root inhibits molecules that cause pain." e) "Pressure applied at certain points of the body increases flow of energy."
• "Ginger root inhibits molecules that cause pain." • "Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation in the body." • "Visualizing a positive outcome will reduce stress and, thus, pain." • "Pressure applied at certain points of the body increases flow of energy." Explanation: Various alternative therapies work on pain, such as ginger, omega-3 fatty acids, guided imagery (visualizing an outcome), and acupressure (pressure applied at certain points of the body). Ingestion of acetaminophen is not considered an alternative treatment. 704-705
Ayurvedic medicine has its roots in which of the following areas? a) India b) China c) Southeast Asia d) Japan
India Explanation: Ayurvedic medicine has its roots in India. 705
The client is experiencing a cold and has sinus congestion. The client is prescribed a decongestant by his primary care provider. The client has a poor response to the decongestant and seeks to include acupuncture treatment. The nurse explains the use of a decongestant and acupuncture at the same time is called what type of therapy? a) Holistic b) Integrative c) Allopathic d) Alternative
Integrative Explanation: Integrative care is a combination of allopathic medicine and complementary therapies and/or alternative modalities. Allopathic medicine, also known as biomedicine, is conventional medical care and includes pharmacological and surgical interventions. Alternative modalities are those interventions that are not included in the scope of conventional medical care. Holistic care refers to the connection and interactions between parts of the whole. 699-701
Which of the following forms of medicine combines health promotion, establishment of a partnership with the client and practitioner, and captures an evolving model of healthcare? a) Integrative healthcare and medicine b) Homeopathic healthcare and medicine c) Holistic healthcare and medicine d) Palliative healthcare and medicine
Integrative healthcare and medicine Explanation: Integrative medicine is the establishment of a partnership between the client and practitioner and focuses on promoting health and preventing illnesses, as well as treating disease. Integrative healthcare more accurately reflects the cross-disciplinary reality and progressive acceptance of a broader aspect of care. 701
A client inquires about the use of herbal therapy. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate? a) "It is best if you select a licensed herbalist as a practitioner." b) "Be sure to pay attention to the packaging's therapeutic and prevention information." c) "Herbs can have side effects and can interact with prescription medications." d) "All herbs are equal in purity, so purchase the cheapest brand."
"Herbs can have side effects and can interact with prescription medications." Explanation: It is important for clients to understand that herbs can have side effects and can interact with prescription medications. Standardization of the herb's constituents is useful, but also limited because not all the compounds or the required levels are known. Thus, the purity and dosage contents may not be equal between herbs. Herbal products cannot make therapeutic and prevention claims. There is no current licensing body for herbalists. 714
A group of students are reviewing information about Traditional Chinese medicine as a complete healing system that includes acupuncture, massage, herbal treatments, nutrition, moxibustion, movement, and meditation. The students demonstrate understanding of this concept when they identify which of the following as the core of traditional Chinese medicine? a) Body b) Qi c) Environment d) Mind
Qi Explanation: Qi is the core concept in traditional Chinese medicine. It is a vital energy source or life force that consists of all forces of nature: spirit, energy, and life itself. Mind, body, and environment are inappropriate concepts in traditional Chinese medicine. 707
A Native American client informs the nurse that she practices shamanism. The nurse is aware that shamanism is best described as which of the following? a) Adjustment of the spine to accomplish proper alignment and to release pressure on a nerve b) Use of general healing techniques that involve plants, herbs, animals, ritual, ceremony, and purification by a medicine man or woman c) A system of postures, exercises, breathing techniques, and visualization that regulate balance d) The placement of thin, short, sterile needles at centers of nerve and vascular tissue along a meridian
Use of general healing techniques that involve plants, herbs, animals, ritual, ceremony, and purification by a medicine man or woman Explanation: Shamanism is the use of general healing techniques that involve plants, herbs, animals, ritual, ceremony, and purification by a medicine man or woman. Qi gong is a system of postures, exercises, breathing techniques, and visualization that regulate balance. Acupuncture is the placement of thin, short, sterile needles at centers of nerve and vascular tissue along a meridian. Chiropractic medicine is the adjustment of the spine to accomplish proper alignment and to release pressure on a nerve. 708
