Chapters 4 and 5
People consider ______ job demands less stressful.
benign
The term ______ refers to exhaustion of the body and mind due to excessive and prolonged stress.
burnout
Recent studies demonstrate that job satisfaction is
declining
Which of the following are psychological strains that result from stressors?
depression and irritability
Which of the following would likely be characterized as negative emotions?
disgust guilt anger
Tameka has just learned that a prospective customer she's been working on for months has placed a large order with her company. She thrusts her fist into the air jubilantly and yells, "Yes!" Tameka is experiencing a(n)
emotion
What are some organizational practices designed to reduce strains on employees?
employee assistance programs health and wellness programs
According to the job characteristics theory, which of the following factors can serve as moderators that influence the strength of the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction?
growth need strength knowledge and skill
Which of the following two conditions are required in order to result in a state of flow?
high skill high challenge
According to research, employees who experience higher levels of ______ stressors tend to have higher levels of organizational commitment.
higher
What are some factors in determining why employees experience differing levels of stress?
how much social support the individual receives the nature of the stressors the personality type of the employee
When people help others deal with immediate stressful demands by taking over some work, they are providing ______ support.
instrumental
______ satisfaction is positively correlated with life satisfaction.
job
Research suggests that job satisfaction is strongly correlated with affective commitment. This means that employees who are satisfied with their job
more likely to stay with the organization
Dwayne wants to advance in his career, so he has enrolled in an MBA program and attends classes two evenings a week. This is an example of a what kind of stressor?
personal development
Which psychological state reflects the degree to which employees feel they are key drivers of the quality of the unit's work?
responsibility of outcome
Primary appraisal answers the question "Is this stressful?" and appraisal poses the question "What should be done?"
secondary
Deon just learned that his company is going to announce layoffs by the end of the month. He is completely overwhelmed by this news and doesn't know how he's going to meet his financial responsibilities if he loses his job. What is Deon experiencing?
stress
High-level executives and managers often feel physical and mental effects due to the ______ that their demanding jobs cause.
stress
Which of the following is the best definition of values?
those things that people consciously or subconsciously want or seek to attain
In which of the following situations would most people feel the most control over a situation?
when they view stressors as a challenge
What is one major factor people consider when choosing coping strategies?
whether they believe the strategies have a good chance to succeed
Dawn's boss gave her a complicated report to finish by the end of the day. As a result, Dawn became angry and dissatisfied with her job and her boss in particular. This is an example of the ______ theory.
affective events
According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which the job provides an employee with freedom, independence, and discretion to perform the work is referred to as
autonomy
Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. Recently, his supervisor changed Jamal's responsibilities so that he can now sell certificates of deposit, assist customers with completing loan applications, and even approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job
enrichment
The process of adding task variety and significance, more autonomy, and other motivators into the job itself to make it more challenging and interesting is referred to as job
enrichment
An intense positive mood is characterized by feeling
enthusiastic and excited
In his job as an annuity specialist at a financial services firm, Tyler regularly fields calls from clients who want to make withdrawals or reallocations. Since he perceives these duties to be routine, how would he categorize these less stressful duties?
benign job demands
Which of the following feelings would be associated with a relatively unpleasant state of deactivation?
bored and sluggish
The type of stressors linked to the attainment of education and achievement are known as _____ stressors.
challenge
The transfer or sharing of positive or negative emotions with another person, which influences that person's moods or behaviors, is referred to as emotional
contagion
Studies have suggested that there is a strong linkage between Type A Behavior Pattern and what strain?
coronary heart disease
"We're like family here," Martika says of the people in her department. "I don't just work with these people -- they're my friends." Based on this, it can be assumed that Martika has a high level of ______ satisfaction.
coworker
Employees' feelings about their fellow employees, including whether they are smart, responsible, helpful, fun, and interesting, is known as ______ satisfaction.
coworker
Pascal fully intended to finish the quarterly sales report by the end of the day but is repeatedly interrupted by phone calls and questions from coworkers. What type of hindrance stressor is Pascal experiencing?
daily hassles
What is the first step in managing stress?
determining the amount of stress in an organization and its causes
After being fired from her job, Alicia reappraised the situation and decided that, considering how stressful her job had been, she is glad to be out of that "pressure-cooker" environment. This is a form of ______-focused coping.
emotion
True or false: According to research, there is a strong correlation between job satisfaction and continuance commitment.
false
True or false: Moods are extreme in intensity.
false
The degree to which carrying out the activities required by the job provides employees with clear information about how well they're performing is called
feedback
Maria became so absorbed in her project that she didn't even realize that she'd worked through lunch. This state would be described as
flow
The state in which an employee feels a total immersion in the task at hand is referred to as
flow
Leilana would best be described as a go-getter. She seems to have an inner drive to always excel, to continue to learn and master new skills, and to continually advance within the company. According to the job characteristics theory, this reflects Leilana's
growth to strength need
Which of the following are behavior characteristics exhibited by individuals with the Type A Behavior Pattern?
hard-driving and competitive constant sense of urgency
Research has shown that people who experience ______ levels of challenge stressors tend to have ______ levels of job performance.
higher and higher
Research has shown that people who experience ______ levels of hindrance stressors tend to have ______ levels of task performance.
higher lower
The type of stressors that most often trigger negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger, are known as ______ stressors.
hinderance
Which theory identifies certain job characteristics that produce high levels of the three psychological states that make work more satisfying?
job characteristic theory
An instrument designed to measure five dimensions of job satisfaction, including supervisor satisfaction, pay satisfaction, promotion satisfaction, coworker satisfaction, and satisfaction with the work itself, is known as the
job descriptive index (JDI)
has two basic elements: what you think about your job and how you feel about your job.
job satisfaction
The degree to which employees feel a sense of happiness with their lives is referred to as
life satisfaction
An employee's belief that her job is worthwhile or important is a reflection of which critical psychological state?
meaningfulness of work
Divorce or the death of a close family member are events that would be considered what type of stressors?
negative life events
After his company announced that it plans to cut 30% of the workforce within the next 90 days, Deon begins to experience chronic headaches and insomnia. These symptoms are signs of ______ strain.
physiological
Symptoms of ______ strains include high blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, and heart disease.
physiological
Stressors, such as marriage or graduation, are known as what type of stressors?
positive life events
What is the term for the phenomenon in which workers are on the job but are not fully functioning due to illness or other medical conditions?
presenteism
Tonia has a bad cold but goes into the office because she's committed to her job and doesn't want to fall behind. Tonia's behavior is known what phenomenon?
presentism
Positive emotions would likely include which of the following?
pride/relief and compassion
Iris gets stressed out when she shops at a crowded supermarket, so she changes her schedule to shop early in the morning when the store isn't as busy. Iris is using ______-focused coping to deal with the stressor.
problem focused coping
______ satisfaction refers to how employees feel about their employer's policies regarding changes in job titles and responsibilities.
promotions
Dester's company announced that it would be cutting 30% of the workforce by the end of the quarter. Since then, Dester has been depressed and anxious. Dester is suffering ______ strains as a result of his employment situation.
psychological
Dester's company announced that it would be cutting 30% of the workforce by the end of the quarter. Since then, Dester has been depressed and anxious. Dester is suffering ______ strains as a result of his employment situation.
pyschological
A Christian college offers faculty a paid leave from teaching for a semester if they wish to participate in a volunteer abroad program or a missions trip. What is the term for this type of leave?
sabbatical
What facet of job satisfaction has the most influence on overall job satisfaction?
satisfaction with the work itself
What is the term for negative consequences, such as headaches, depression, or compulsive behaviors, that can occur when people do not have the ability to deal with stress?
strains
What is the term for the negative consequences associated with stress?
strains
Psychologists use the term ____ to describe a state of mental or emotional tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.
stress
In a(n) ______ ______, managers study the positions in their workplaces to determine if stress is negatively impacting the workplaces.
stress audit
Deon's company has announced that it plans to lay off 30% of the workforce by the end of the month. This announcement is known as a ______ because it creates stress.
stressor
Research suggests that job satisfaction has a(n) ______ effect on organizational commitment.
strong positive
According to the value-percept theory, employees establish their level of pay satisfaction partly on
the pay of similar cowowkers
According to the job characteristics theory, the best source of ongoing feedback on task performance comes from
the work itself
How do hindrance stressors affect job performance?
they create negative feelings about the job
Keyara does her best work when she has a tight deadline for a project because she focuses instead of being distracted. This is an example of what type of work challenge stressor?
time pressure
Mercy Hospital offers stress management programs for its employees that are designed to help them recognize sources of stress and teach them stress-reduction skills. What is the name for this type of offering?
training intervention
True or false: Employees can have different reactions to identical stressors as the result of a number of factors, such as perception, appraisal, and the degree of social support they receive.
true
The ______ theory states that workplace occurrences that can generate reactions can go on to influence work attitudes and behaviors.
affective events
What Jessica values most about her job at the humane shelter is that she believes she makes a difference every single day in the lives of homeless animals in the community. This best describes which category of work values?
altruism
Jason is frustrated with the group project that is due in his organizational behavior class. His team hasn't met to discuss who is going to do which portion of the project and no deadlines have been set. Jason is experiencing role ______ with this project.
ambiguity
A high level of ______ directly contributes to the psychological state known as responsibility for outcomes, according to the job characteristics theory.
autonomy
According to the job characteristics theory, a college professor who is required by her department chairperson to use a certain textbook, follow a detailed syllabus, and administer a mandatory number of tests within a course is likely to have low
autonomy
Siddhara earns $70,000 a year, which is the amount she wishes to earn. Her title is assistant manager, but she would like to be supervising manager. Her boss offers her a raise but no change in job title, which disappoints Siddhara and leaves her feeling somewhat dissatisfied with her job. This is an example of
value percept theory
The ______ theory argues that job satisfaction depends on whether you feel that your job supplies the things that you value.
value percept theory
"I'm so bored on this job I could scream," Annette complained. "Every day, it's the same thing, day in and day out. I could do this job in my sleep." According to the job characteristics theory, Annette is likely deficient in which of the core job characteristics?
variety
According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which a job requires an employee to complete a number of different activities involving several different skills and talents is known as
variety
Betty had promised to take her father to lunch for his 75th birthday, but her boss scheduled an emergency staff meeting and she had to cancel lunch. What kind of stressor is Betty experiencing?
work family conflict
"I love being able to come up with creative ideas for my clients," says Marcus, a web designer. "I really feel like I've really accomplished something when I see my ideas come to life on the computer screen." This best describes which category of work values?
work itself
What is the term for the amount of obligations a worker has regarding others?
work responsibility
Emilie has worked as an animal control officer at the county animal shelter for years and the constant stress has finally caught up with her. She is continually exhausted and has reached the point where she doesn't care about her job and is disillusioned with everything. Emilie is experiencing due to this prolonged stress.
burnout
What is the term for the actions and beliefs people use to face stress and the emotions caused by stress?
coping
Tyrone works at the front desk of a large hotel and often deals with travelers who are tired and irritated, so he must frequently mask his own irritation and "put on a happy face." This is an example of
emotional labor
According to affective events theory, affective events can trigger ______, which can influence fluctuations in satisfaction levels and also trigger spontaneous behaviors.
emotions
What is the term for employer practices that are intended to help employees with personal problems, such as alcohol and drug dependencies, financial problems, or marital difficulties?
health and wellness programs
According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work from beginning to end with a visible outcome is known as
identity
Jaycee is an interior designer who designs spaces for small business clients. He loves being able to "see" his ideas and concepts come to life as a functional and well-designed workplace. This would best describe which job characteristic?
identity
There are two major types of social support that people can receive when they are confronted with stressful demands: emotional support and support.
instrumental
Bev and Noah are librarians at Summit Elementary School. Bev works on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and Noah works on Tuesdays and Thursdays. They share the position salary and employee benefits proportionately. What is the name for this type of arrangement?
job sharing
One of the factors in Irina's job as a web designer that gives her the most satisfaction is putting together images, words, animation, and sound and immediately seeing her work take shape and come to life. This would best describe which critical psychological state?
meaningfulness of work
States of feeling that are relatively mild, last for a while, and are not explicitly directed at or caused by someone or something are referred to as
moods
Employees' feelings about their salary, including whether it's as much as they deserve and sufficient for both normal expenses and luxury items, is referred to as ______ satisfaction.
pay
Of the five job facets identified by the value-percept theory, which facet appears to have the lowest correlation with job satisfaction?
pay
Which of the following workplace satisfaction facets are measured by the Job Descriptive Index?
pay satisfaction promotion satisfaction coworker satisfaction
Tyler has applied for several higher-level jobs in his company, but they have always hired someone from outside of the company. He feels his chances for advancement within the company are slim, and now he has a low level of ______ satisfaction.
promotion
Asked to describe what was most meaningful about his job at the Red Cross, phlebotomist Kenji answered, "I make a difference every day to people's lives within our community." This is an example of which element of the job characteristics theory?
signifigance
Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects or impacts the organization and/or society?
signifigance
Becky is trying to finish her online assignments before the midnight deadline, and her computer network suddenly goes down. She becomes so upset that she throws her textbook across the room. What type of coping mechanism does Becky display?
behavioral
Ricardo's job has been enormously stressful over the past few months. As a result, he has started smoking again, despite the fact that he had quit years ago. This is an example of a(n) ______ strain.
behavioral
Trina is worried that she won't be able to finish her report on time, so she asks a couple of coworkers to help her. This is an example of ______ coping.
behavioral
Employees' feelings about their boss, including whether the boss is competent, polite, and a good communicator, is referred to as ______ satisfaction.
supervision
"My boss doesn't know the first thing about managing people," Barry complains. "She couldn't lead a two-car funeral." Based on this, it can be assumed that Barry has a low level of ______ satisfaction.
supervisor
Behavioral strains include which of the following?
teeth grinding overeating alcohol abuse
Supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands include which of the following?
telecommuting flextime compressed workweeks
