Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11
On a map with a scale of 1:48,000, a distance of 1 mile would be represented by how many inches?
1.32
To show topography in a flat coastal area, the most appropriate contour interval would be
5 feet
The Public Land Survey System is used in all of the following states except
Massachusetts
The first seismic wave to reach the surface is usually the
P-wave
Shear stress is what is generated when we use which of the following tools?
a pair of scissors
A benchmark is
a permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation
Contour lines on a topographic map
are usually brown
The latitude of a location is based on the
equator
The intensity of an earthquake is a measure of
how much damage the earthquake caused
Meridians of longitude
meet at the North and South Poles
A direction of 315° in the azimuth system corresponds to
northwest
The zero contour line is also known as
sea level
Strike and dip refer to
the orientation of a bed or fault
Liquefaction occurs during earthquakes when
vibration causes water to coat sediment grains, greatly lessening friction
To show topography in a rugged, mountainous area, the most appropriate contour interval would be
100 feet
You have been asked to draw a map of a part of your campus on an 8 1/2 × 11 sheet of paper. You first try a scale of 1:1,000, but the paper is not large enough. Which of the following scales might work better?
1:5,000
What does a map scale of 1:24,000 indicate?
All of the possible answers are correct: One inch on the map equals 24,000 inches on the ground. One centimeter on the map equals 24,000 centimeters on the ground. One foot on the map equals 24,000 feet on the ground.
Most earthquakes are
concentrated at plate boundaries
Base lines and principal meridians are reference lines in the
township and range (Public Land Survey) system.
Where is large-scale shear stress found in the plate-tectonic model?
transform faults
Fault-block motion in a dip-slip fault is
up and down the fault plane
Contour lines on a map connect points
of equal elevation
n an anticline, the __________ rocks are exposed in the axial region of the fold, and beds typically dip __________ one another.
oldest; away from
Metamorphic foliation produced during compression will be
perpendicular to the compressional stress.
What is the minimum number of seismic stations needed to locate an earthquake?
three
What is true of map projections?
All of the possible answers are correct: They are needed to portray the nearly spherical shape of the Earth on a flat page. They may significantly distort the shapes of continents and oceans. They can be selected so that they show particular aspects of a landmass most accurately.
Two maps have been drafted so that each fills a sheet of 8 1/2 × 11 paper, one at a scale of 1:24,000, and the other at 1:62,500. Which of the following statements correctly describes these maps?
The map with the scale of 1:62,500 covers more area than the other.
What does a map scale of 1:24,000 describe?
a map where 1 inch corresponds to 2,000 feet on the ground
Which of the following show(s) the topography of a landscape?
all of the possible answers are correct: a digital elevation model a Landsat satellite image a contour map
A good map must contain a way to accurately determine which of the following?
all of the possible answers are correct: distance between points shown on the map direction between points shown on the map location of points shown on the map
What do lines separating different rock units on a geologic map represent?
all of the possible answers are correct: faults stratigraphic contacts between sedimentary formations intrusive contacts between plutons and their host rocks
Block diagrams used to portray geologic structures contain
both of the possible answers are correct: a map view two cross-sectional interpretations
In the plate-tectonic model, where is large-scale compressional stress found?
convergent plate boundaries
Small tick marks (hachures) on contour lines indicate
depressions
Where is large-scale tensional stress found in the plate-tectonic model?
divergent plate boundaries
Isotherms on weather maps differ from contour lines on topographic maps in that they
do not show changes in elevation
Which of these map elements is not shown on an aerial photograph?
elevations and slope steepness
The farther an earthquake epicenter is from a seismic station, the
greater the delay time between arrival of P- and S-waves
The relative motion of fault blocks on opposite sides of a strike-slip fault is
horizontal
During propagation of a Rayleigh wave, particles in a rock __________ as the energy passes through the rock
move in circular paths
The ground shakes during an earthquake because of which type of waves?
seismic waves
The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of
the amount of energy released during the fault movement that produced the earthquake
The difference between a plunging and nonplunging fold is that
the hinge of a plunging fold is not horizontal
What are the latitude/longitude and UTM systems used to describe?
the location of points on a globe
The focus of an earthquake is
the point below the Earth's surface where the energy that caused the earthquake was released
The epicenter of an earthquake is
the point on the Earth's surface closest to where the rock broke.
Information on the borders of a topographic map includes all except
the types of rocks present in the map area
A travel-time chart/graph shows graphically
the velocities of the different kinds of seismic waves
A vertical exaggeration of 1.00 × on a topographic profile means
the vertical scale of the profile is the same as the map scale
Why is vertical exaggeration often used on maps and map profiles?
to make topographic features like hills and valleys more visible
During propagation of a P-wave, particles in a rock __________ as the energy passes through the rock.
vibrate parallel to the direction in which the wave is traveling
During propagation of an S-wave, particles in a rock __________ as the energy passes through the rock.
vibrate perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling
In a syncline, the __________ rocks are exposed in the axial region of the fold, and beds typically dip__________ one another.
youngest; toward
The longitude of a location is based on the
prime meridian