Diffusion & Osmosis
What do elodea cells look like when placed in an isotonic solution?
Cells have flaccid droopy appearance
Which molecules can cross selectively permeable membrane based on size?why?
Chloride ions, sulfate ions, and glucoseBecause the molecules are small
hypertonic
Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
Hypotonic
Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
effects of temperature and molecular size on the rate of diffusion
Higher temperatures increase the energy and therefore the movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion. Lower temperatures decrease the energy of the molecules, thus decreasing the rate of diffusion.
What solution was used to determine the presence of starch?
Iodine
what happens to animal cells placed in hypotonic solution?
Lysed
what happens to a cucumber placed in salt or sugar water?
Salt has a strong ability to absorb water from its surroundings. ... To compensate this imbalance, the water inside the cucumber cells starts moving through the cell membranes into the high concentrations of salt or sugar water on top; this process is called osmosis
What happens to animal cells placed in hypertonic solution?
Shrivels
What solution was used to determine the presence of Chloride ions?
Silver Nitrate
What physical property of dialysis tubing allows it to function as a selective permeable membrane?
Size determines what can go through membrane Smaller molecules can go through, larger ones cannot
Which molecules can't cross selectively permeable membrane based on size?why?
Starch and proteins Because the molecules are too large
how temperature affects the diffusion rate of liquid food dye
When temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles has increased. The increased motion of the particles causes them to diffuse faster. Therefore, at higher temperatures, the rate at which fluid particles will diffuse is faster than at lower temperatures. In the experiment, the food coloring will diffuse faster in the hot water than in the cold water.
solutions
a mixture made up of two or more substances where one substance, a solute, is dissolved into another substance, a solvent.
solvents
a molecule that has the ability to dissolve other molecules, known as solutes (dissolve other substances)
selectively permeable
a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot
What do elodea cells look like when placed in an hypotonic solution?
cells have normal turgid appearance
What do red blood cells look like when placed in an isotonic solution?
cells have normal, round, circular appearance
What do elodea cells look like when placed in an hypertonic solution?
cells have plasmolyzed appearance
What do red blood cells look like when placed in a hypertonic solution?
cells have shriveled appearance
what happens to plant cells placed in isotonic solution?
flaccid (droops)
Diffusion
is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Osmosis
is the movement of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a concentrated solution
What happens to animal cells placed in isotonic solution?
normal
What happens to plant cells placed in hypertonic solution?
plasmolysis (collapses)
solutes
substance dissolved in a solution
active transport
the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
what happens to plant cells placed in hypotonic solution?
turgid (normal)
isotonic
when the concentration of two solutions is the same
What solution was used to determine the presence of sulfate ions?
Barium Chloride
What solution was used to determine the presence of glucose?
Benedicts (reducing sugars)
What solution was used to determine the presence of Proteins?
Biruet