Exam 2
% of kcal as cabrohydrates (also used for fat 9, protein 4)
(290 (g of carbohydrates provided in text) X 4) / 1980 (the total of grams of nutrients) = 0.59 (X 100 = 59%)
To improve the nutritional quality and health benefits of juicing, this this feature suggest
-adding back the pulp from whole fruits and vegetables to increase the fiber content of the beverages -being aware that the caloric density of juicing adds up quickly -consider investing in an extractor to pulverize fruits , vegetables, and nuts into the consistency of juice
continued evidence supports lifestyle management technique to improve blood glucose control. Directly aligning with the dietary Guidelines, individuals with diabetes are encourage to
-consume a primarily plant-based dietary pattern rich in carbohydrates from vegetables, whole grains, fruits, legumes, and dietary products -limit or avoid intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages -reduce sodium to less than 2300 mg per day -east fatty fish at least 2 times (2servings) per week -work closely with a RDN and endocrinologist to obtain individualized lifestyle recommendations.
What is 6% of 45?
.06 X 45 = 2.7
bob was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. His dietitian recommended that bob follow an 1800 kcal meal plan for weight loss. She went in to say that he should also follow the food and nutrition board (FNB) recommendation of getting 45 to 65 % of these calories from carbohydrates. this is equivalent to ___ gram of carbohydrates per day
.45 x 1,000= 810, 810 / 4 = 202.57 .65 x 1,800= 1,170 / 4= 292.5 round up: answer: 203 to 293
what is the percent of 99 is 3?
03/99 = 0.03 X 100 = 3%
Which of the following has the most starch? -8 fluid oz of milk -4 oz of meat -1 cup of kidney beans -1 medium orange
1 cup of kidney beans
128 fluid ounces
1 gallon
16 cups = _______ gallons
1 gallon
256 tablespoons
1 gallon
8 pints = ? gallons
1 gallon
4 quarts = how many gallons
1 gallon (gal)
2.54 cm = ___ in
1 in
One quart equals how many liter and cups?
1 liter - or- 4 cups
5 grams of sugar (sucrose) or salt (sodium chloride) is about
1 teaspoon
What are the steps of the scientific method?
1. Make an observation 2. Form a hypothesis 3. Conduct an experiment 4. publish the research results; peers evaluate the research 5. conduct follow-up experiments 6. accept or reject the hypothesis as a theory
of the ten leading causes of death in the Unites states, diet plays a role in 6 of them. which are the 6 leading causes of death related to diet and which are the 4 leading cause not related to diet
1. heart diseases, 2. cancer, 3. stroke, 4. diabetes, 5. Alzheimer's disease, 6. kidney disease not related: 7. chronic lower respiratory diseases, 8. accidents, 9. pneumonia/influenze, 9. suicide
liters are divided into ___ milliliters and ___ milliliters into 1 deciliters.
1000; 100
Lisa is trying to choose more low-fat foods in order to reduce her risk for cardiovascular disease. One low-fat cookie that she sees advertised in the grocery store has 22 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 1 gram of fat per cookie. How many kilocalories are in one of these low-fat cookies?
105 kcal per cookie grams X ( either 4,7,9) = kcal (add all together)
what is the minimum number of grams of carbohydrates, per day, humans must consume to avoid ketosis?
130 g Carbohydrates
1 kilogram (kg) is equal to
2.20 pounds (lb)
An endurance athlete exercising for more than 1 hour should consider replenishing fluids with an electrolyte drink. A popular serving size bottle of a dink such as Gatorade has four 8-ounce (1 cup)servings per bottle. if there are 50 kcal per cup, how many kcal are in the whole bottle
200 kcal
One cup equals how many ml?
240 ml
it takes approximately __ kilograms of grains to produce 1 kilogram of animal protein in cereals fed animals
3
on average, Americans consume approximately __ % of total calories as fat
33
according to the food and nutrition board of the national academy of science ___ of calories should come from fat
35%
Carbohydrates
4 kcal per gram
protein
4 kcal/g
According to the Food and Nutrition board of the National Academy of Sciences, __ of calories should come from Carbohydrates?
45 to 60 %
a pound weighs
454 grams
blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia
47
One teaspoon equals how many mL?
5 ml
When in Europe, you are told that you are eating a steak weighing 140 grams. This is equivalent to how many ounces?
5 oz
The typical American diet supplies approximately what percent of protein as essential amino acids
50 %
If a 180-pound man eats an adequate, 2200-kcal diet with 15% of kcal from protein, about how much of that protein will be used to build muscles?
50%
a large hamburger sandwich contain 628 kcal and 36 grams of fat. Approx. what percentage of the total energy is consumed by fat
52%
since beginning college, Lisa has put on about thirteen pounds. She is learning in her health science class that excess calories coming from fat. if a 1/2 cup serving of her favorite ice cream has 310 kcal and 20 grams of fat , what percentage of total calories in the ice cream come from fat
58 % of calories in this food are from fat
in the later part of her first year of college, Lisa is doing well losing some of the weight she put on at the beginning of the school year. her highest weight was160 pounds and she now weighs 152 pounds. how many kilograms does Lisa weigh?
69 kilograms
Alcohol
7 kcal/g
one serving of a package frozen dinner contain 1.5 grams of saturated fat. the Daily Value for saturated fat is 20 grams. what percent daily value (%DV) for saturated fat does one serving of this food provided
7.5 Daily Value for saturated fat
Fat
9 kcal/gram
what most accurately describes the term epidemiology
A study of how rates vary among different population groups
What type of sweetener is the sweetest?
Alternative sweeteners
The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from
Carbohydrates
Lactose - is the main carbohydrate found in
Dairy foods
Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through
Diet and physical activity
Class of sugar formed by chemically linking two monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Dietary fiber has many health benefits. Match each health benefit with fiber's action in the body. Fiber reduces cholesterol absorption and increases cholesterol excretion Fiber increases feeling of satiety viscous fiber slows down absorption of glucose from the small intestine nonfermentable fiber increases stool bulk and increases bowl regularity Match with promotes colon health improves diabetes management Aids in weight management reduces cardiovascular disease risk
Fiber reduces cholesterol absorption and increases cholesterol excretion --> reduces cardiovascular disease risk Fiber increases feeling of satiety -->Aids in weight management viscous fiber slows down absorption of glucose from the small intestine--> improves diabetes management nonfermentable fiber increases stool bulk and increases bowl regularity--> promotes colon health
Blood sugar refers to which molecule circulating in blood?
Glucose
Which of the following is a disaccharide -Glucose -Galactose -Lactose -Fructose
Glucose
Which of the following combinations of monosaccharides is true?
Glucose and galactose form lactose
a kilocalorie is a measure of
Heat energy
Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has
Hyperthyroidism
Fibers that mostly do not dissolve in water and are not fermented by intestinal bacteria
Insoluble (nonfermentable) fibers
a. simples form of carbohydrate
Monosacchride
Amino acids can be synthesized by healthy body in sufficient amounts
Nonessential amino acids
Fiber plays an important role in bowel health. A diet that is low in fiber and/or water leads to ________, ________ stools. This condition is known as ___________________
Small, Hard; Constipation
Classify each type of polysaccharide as starch or fiber Amylose, Amylopectin, cellulose, pectin
Starch: amylose, Amylopectin Fiber: cellulose, pectin
Which of the following is incorrect about dietary fibers -they are absorbed in the large intestine -they are mostly polysaccharides -they cannot be absorbed by the small intestine -they bond between the sugar units cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes
They are absorbed in the large intestine
T/F in regards Health Poeple 2020: it aims to eliminate health dispartities and improve access to health education
True
Maltose is
a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages
Glycogen is
a highly balanced polysaccharide
protein-calorie malnutrition
abnormal condition resulting from a deficiency of calories in general and protein in particular
what is true about protein intake in the unites states
about 70% of the protein we eat in the United States comes from animal products
what is an example of all energy-yielding substances.
alcohol carbohydrates lipids and protein
the freshman 15 is the term used to describe the
amount of weight (lb)typically gained during the freshman year in college.
Marasmus
appearance is one with "match stick" arms and no subcutaneous fat common in infants who receive inadequate calories and protein from the beginning of life form of protein-calorie malnutrition that develops gradually
Kwashiorkor
appearance is one with swollen belly from either fatty liver or edema common in young children who are waned from breast milk to high starch diet, low- protein diet form of protein-calorie malnutrition that develops acutely (rapidly)
psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food
appetite
you were awake last night until 2:30 a.m. finishing a project, but your psychology class meets at 9:00 a.m. this morning. when your alarm goes off at 7:30 a.m. you consider sleeping extra 20 minutes it would take to sit down and enjoy breakfast at the dinning hall. whats your best time saving breakfast option? -pick up a ham, egg, and cheese bagel from a fast food restaurant -ask for a banana and yogurt to go -eat a low granola bar and iced coffee from the vending machine by your dorm -skip Breakfast all together but plan to consume a few extra calories at lunch and dinner
ask for a banana and yogurt to go
as you build a healthy breakfast, which of the following foods would be rich source of phytochemicals? -blueberries -rice-Krispy -hard boiled egg -cinnamon roll
blueberries
what foods are on the menu for a person who follows the paleo diet?
blueberries, forage mushrooms, wild-caught salmon, venison (deer meat)
which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source? -liver -heart -muscles -brain
brain
dark green vegetables
broccoli and leafy greens such as arugula, beet greens, bok choy, collard greens, kale, mustard greens, romaine lettuce, spinach, turnip greens, watercress
other vegetables
cabbage, celery, cucumbers, mushrooms, onions
to get the most bioavailable lycopene, select tomatoes from the ___ section of the store
canned goods
compared to the recommendations of the Food and Nutrition Board and the Paleo diet tends to be low in
carbohydrates
fiber belongs to the class if nutrients known as
carbohydrates
since 1960, medical advances have led to a decrease death rate from
cardiovascular disease
red and orange vegetables
carrots, pumpkin, red bell peppers, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes
Two food protein sources that make up for each other's inadequate supply of specific essential amino acids
complementary protein
Dietary proteins that contain ample amounts of nine essential amino acids
complete protein
for hydration, sports drinks are superior to water for athletes who participate on
continuous workouts lasting more than 60 minutes
the children who are in the group that receives a regular, normal caffeine level diet make up the
control group
when a person eats more protein than his body needs, the extra protein is
converted to glucose or fat
The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is
converted to urea
starchy vegetables
corn, green peas, potatoes, lima beans
the 2015 food and health survey indicated that after taste, __ is now the number 2 reason why people choose the food they do
cost
a person who consumes inadequate dietary protein may be expected to experience
decrease immune function fluid imbalance loss of lean body mass
Frozen vegetables consumptions has increased while intake of canned vegetables has
decreased
lots of pressure in the colon caused by excessive straining during defecation can cause small pouches called ___ to produce through the large intestine wall
diverticula
When these pouches are inflamed and painful, the condition is known as ____________ During periods of inflammation, a ____________ diet is indicated.
diverticulitis; a lower fiber
If pouches in the large intestine exist without painful symptoms, the condition is known as___________. In this case, a ____________ diet can ease stool elimination and prevent future attacks.
diverticulosis; high fiber
to convert weight in pounds to kilograms
divide 154(kg) / 2.2 (lb) =70 kilograms
A build of fluids in extracellular spaces
edema
characteristics of vitamins
enable chemical process in the body
the study of diseases rates that vary among different population groups is called
epidemiology
Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by human in sufficient amounts therefore must be included in the diet
essential amino acids
Tryptophan, methionine, threonine, and valine are all
essential amino acids
the total amount of protein a person can make will change based on availability of
essential amino acids
the children who are in the group that received a high caffeine diet constitute the ____ group
experimental group
The symptoms of diabetes may occur suddenly and may include
extreme thirst and excessive urination
measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes
fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl HbA1c between 5.7 % to 6.4%
if a diet does not provide adequate carbohydrates to meet immediate energy needs, the body compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. insufficient dietary carbohydrates can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies are the byproducts if partial breakdown of
fat,
Major fructose sources include
fruits and high fructose corn syrup
If excessive straining occurs defecation, the anal veins can swell, causing
hermorrhoids
Compound secreted into the bloodstream that acts to control the function of distant cells
hormone
Physiological drive to find and eat food mostly regulated by innate cues to eating
hunger
In the stable form of protein, what is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule
hydrophobic portions
a scientist observes a natural phenonmenon and develops a tentative explanation called a
hypothese
dietary proteins that are ow in or lack one or more essential amino acids
incomplete protein
affluence leads to decreased levels of physical activity and ___ intakes of dietary fat and saturated fat
increase
further public health efforts are needed to meet the goals of decreased intakes of saturated fat, trans, and cholesterol while at the same time encouraging __ variety of foods in our diets
increase
in the past 10 years, sales of whole milk have decreased and sales of 1 % milk have
increased
Diabetes is a disease of improper glucose regulation in more than 250,000 deaths per year in North America. The majority of people with diabetes in North America has Type 2 diabetes (formally called noninsulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes). this type of diabetes is characterized by
insulin resistance
studies show that eating breakfast
is good weight management strategy
beans and peas
is one of the groups in the vegetables
When too little dietary carbohydrate is available to meet energy needs, ______ arise as byproducts of partial fat metabolism.
ketones
A disease that results from consuming an insufficient amount of protein and energy
kwashiorkor
Protein-calorie malnutrition may occur in young children as either
kwashiorkor or marasmus
A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes milk and eggs is referred to as
lactoovovegetarian
the essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food relative to the body mass
limiting amino acid
immediately after sugars are absorbed into the blood, they travel to the
liver
What health benefits can Jordan expect from following a well-planned vegetarian dietary pattern?
lower blood cholesterol lower blood pressure longer life
A physical state in which protein intake is equal to related protein losses
maramus
the type of malnutrition that results from severely deficient intake of both calories and protein is called
maramus
Which of the following is a major source of lactose -broccoli -apples -honey -milk
milk
as you build a healthy breakfast, which of the following foods would be rich source protein -orange juice -banana -corn flakes -milk
milk
Classify each of the following simple carbohydrates as monosaccharides or disaccharides: Fructose, maltose, glucose, lactose, sucrose
monosaccharide: Fructose, Glucose Disaccharide: Lactose, sucrose, maltose
The term simple carbohydrates refers to
monosaccharides and disaccharides
carbohydrate digestion begin in the -small intestine with pancreatic amylase -stomach with peptic amylase -stomach with gastric lipase -mouth with salivary amylase
mouth with salivary amylase
Maggie has anorexia nervosa and regularly starves herself. She is likely to be in a state of
negative protein balance
Approximately 5-10% of diabetes cases are type 1 diabetes (formally called insulin dependent or juvenile-onset diabetes). this type of diabetes is an autoimmune that results in
no pancreatic insulin production
the prevelence of obsity has
not changed in men but increased in women
a condition characterized by excess body fat
obesity
an evaluation of work by professionals of similar competence to the producers of the work to maintain standards of quality and credibility is called
peer review
what type of bonds link individual amino acids together
peptide bonds
Dietary fibers primarily are
polysaccharides
Donovan has been consuming large quantities of food and in violation of safe rules of athletic training is injecting testosterone. He has been seeing large temporary gains in muscle mass. He is in a state of
positive protein balance
Selectively fermented ingredients that results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota of the host are called
prebiotics
what is a true statement about the effects of sugar?
prolonged exposure of the teeth to simple sugar from snacks and drinks promotes dental caries
A disease that results from consuming marginal energy and considerably insufficient protein despite high needs
protein equilibrium
what happens to protein synthesis when an essential amino acid is in short supply
protein synthesis is limited
for example, if a scientist suspects caffeine intake affects behavioral changes in children. he may choose to conduct an ______ study where he randomly assigns children in the study to either a regular, normal caffeine level diet or high caffeine diet group and then studies the behavior without knowing which groups received which diet
randomized double blind placebo controlled
For those with diabetes, insulin pumps
reduce severe low blood glucose episodes
which is a type of complementary protein -rice with black bean and tomatoes -almond butter on whole grain toast -peas and carrots -Fruit salad with blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, and honeydew melon
rice with black bean and tomatoes
State in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction
satiety
the helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds and other weak forces is an example of
secondary structures of protein
Carbohydrates digestion begins in the
small intestine
Fibers that either dissolve or swell in water and are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine
soluble (Viscous) fibers
describe the process of starch digestion
starch to maltose to glucose
to preserve the flavor of fresh tomatoes, store them
stem side up at room temp.
What are the characteristics of lipids
supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body
the main function of glucose is to
supply energy
When protein is converted to glucose or fat, nitrogen is eliminated from the body via
the kidneys
when an egg is fried, what happens to the protein in the egg
the protein is denatured
if the results of many studies and much data support the original explanation about a relationship between caffeine intake and behavior, a
theory is formed
What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?
they pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria
Refine grain characteristics
typically less expensive to purchase lower in nutrient density but enriched lighter texture lower in fiber faster blood glucose response contains endosperm only
Whole grain characteristics
typically more expensive to purchase higher in vitamins, minerals. and antioxidants Denser texture higher in fiber slower blood glucose response contain all components of the grain
A person who does not eat any animal foods and consumes only plant product is called
vegan
An example of refined gran products includes
white flour, degermed cornmeal, white bread, and white rice