Geography 101 final Thorngren
Which country is likely to generate a high percentage of its energy from geothermal sources?
Iceland
A characteristic cone-shaped depositional feature in the desert that usually forms at the mouth of a canyon is known as a(n) a.)alluvial fan b.)playa c.)bolson d.)bajada
a.
A common crescent-shaped dune with horns pointed downwind is called a a.)barchan dune b.)longitudinal dune c.)seif dune d.)transverse dune
a.
A drainage basin with a very high drainage density would be considered to be a.)highly dissected b.)moderately dissected c.)un-dissected
a.
A single groin can produce both sand erosion and deposition a.)True b.)False
a.
An earthquake, a submarine landslide, or an eruption of an undersea volcano is capable of producing a a.)tsunami b.)slow-moving giant swell c.)wave in the open ocean of great height d.)tidal wave
a.
At which of the following locations is new ocean crust being formed? a.)oceanic rift zones b.)in oceanic trenches c.)along collision zones between two oceanic plates d.)along collision zones between two continents
a.
Composite cones have steep slopes and experience ____ eruptions because they are composed of _____ magma a.)violent;felsic b.)violent;mafic c.)mild;felsic d.)mild;mafic
a.
Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevations and old in age a.)True b.)False
a.
Coral bleaching refers to a.)the loss of algae from the coral b.)the killing of coral formations by chlorine bleach pollution c.)the replacement of normal, colored algae by white algae d.)all of these are included within the definition of coral bleaching
a.
Erosion of the walls of a channel normally occurs on the outside curve of a meander a.)True b.)False
a.
Limestone is a type of ______ rock that forms when _____ a.)sedimentary;calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulates in a water environment b.)igneous; lava cools c.)igneous; magma cools d.)sedimentary; broken fragments of rock are deposited in a water environment and are then cemented together
a.
Rocks that appear pitted and grooved, and sometimes polished smooth by eolian processes, are termed a.)ventifacts b.)alluvium c.)yardangs d.)desert pavements
a.
Terranes refer to a.)displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust b.)the "lay of the land" c.)the continental shields within each continent d.)the topography of a tract of land
a.
The Basin and Range Province of the interior western US is a type of horst-and-graben topography a.)True b.)False
a.
The Colorado River system is experiencing a drought that is more severe than any in the historic record a.)True b.)False
a.
The appalachians are older than the Rockies a.)True b.)False
a.
The principle of isostasy refers to the vertical movement of Earth's crust in response to loading and unloading of weight, such as ice or sediment a.)True b.)False
a.
The undulating form that gives Earth's surface its character and general configuration is called a.)topography b.)an order of relief c.)relief d.)crust
a.
Water can be considered a "universal" solven a.)True b.)False
a.
Water is a more effective agent of erosion in deserts than wind a.)True b.)False
a.
Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called a.)wave refraction b.)tidal bore c.)longshore current d.)breakers
a.
which of the following is an exogenic process? a.)weathering b.)flows of heat and materials in the mantle c.)earthquakes d.)volcanism
a.
Near the shore, waves of transition begin to "feel bottom" and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more ____. This process eventually causes _____ to form. a.)elliptical;swells b.)elliptical;breakers c.)circular;swells d.)circular;breakers
b.
Particles of sand, gravels, and shells that move along the shore form the a.)breakers b.)beach drift c.)longshore current d.)translation effects
b.
Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called a.)cinders b.)tephra, or pyroclastics c.)volcanic ash d.)explosive debris
b.
Rivers have played a relatively minor role in the geography of human history a.)True b.)False
b.
The Alps and alpine complex in Europe are an example of a third order of relief a.)True b.)False
b.
The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated a.)focus, or hypocenter b.)epicenter c.)Richter zone d.)fault area
b.
The atacam Desert is one the world's driest regions and is located on the SW coast of Africa a.)True b.)False
b.
The sandblasting action of wind-blown particles is called a.)deflation b.)abrasion c.)grinding d.)saltation
b.
Which of the following grain sizes is most readily moved by the wind? a.)small b.)intermediate c.)large
b.
Which of the following is correct a.)The age of the sea floor is the same in most areas of the ocean b.)The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a midocean ridge c.)The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a trench d.)The oldest sea floor material is several billion years in age e.)The age of the sea floor does not follow a discernable pattern
b.
An exotic stream is a.)any river that flows from an arid region to one of adequate precipitation b.)any river that arises in a humid region and then passes through an arid region c.)one involved in a particular historical event d.)one whose entire course is in a desert region
b.)
Which of the following correctly describes a dry stream bed that is intermittently filled with water? a.)wadi b.)wash c.)arroyo d.)all of these are correct
c
A rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as a.)sedimentary b.)igneous c.)metamorphic d.)ancient
c.
After water itself, what are the primary elements which occur in sea water? a.)potassium and chlorine b.)hydrogen and sodium c.)chlorine and sodium d.)sodium and magnesium
c.
Consider the equation Q = wdv. According to the equation, if Q (discharge) remains constant, but w and d decrease (as when a channel becomes more narrow and shallow), the velocity will a.)decrease b.)remain constant c.)increase
c.
Coral formations a.)tend to occur poleward of 30 degrees latitude b.)survive in a broad ecological range because they are tolerant of temperature, salinity, and depth variation c.)are made of animals living symbiotically with simple algae d.)require water that is high in sediment concentration
c.
Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves are called a.)wave ripples b.)breakers c.)swells d.)wave trains
c.
Stream-related processes are termed a.)hydrological b.)erosion c.)fluvial d.)geomorphological
c.
The belief that disasters have produced most the major features of Earth is called a.)metastable thresholds b.)isostasy c.)catastrophism d.)uniformitarianism
c.
The term eolian refers to a.)weathering and mass movement in humid regions b.)stream-related processes c.)erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind d.)glacial processes in areas outside the polar regions
c.
Uniformitarianism assumes that a.)mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events b.)Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events c.)the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time d.)catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred
c.
What type of rock forms from the solidification of molten materials? a.)metamorphic b.)sedimentary c.)igneous
c.
Which of the following is an example of a first order of relief? a.)the Shenandoah Valley b.)the Tibetan Plateau c.)an ocean basin d.)the Alps and Rockies
c.
Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits? a.)they are principally composed of sands and gravels b.)they form only following glacial activity c.)they are formed of fine-grained clays and silts d.)They are found only in the United States
c.
The state of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin a.)North Atlantic b.)Ohio c.)Tennessee d.)South Atlantic-Gulf
d
A desert is an area in which a.)actual evapotranspiration rates exceed potential evapotranspiration rates b.)actual and potential evapotranspiration rates are roughly equal c.)hot conditions exist throughout the year d.)potential evapotranspiration rates exceed actual evapotranspiration rates
d.
An extensive area of sand and sand dunes is known as a(n) a.)lag desert b.)desert pavement c.)reg desert d.)erg desert, or sand sea
d.
Drainage density refers to a.)the thickness of the water in the stream b.)the number of channels in an area c.)the arrangement of channels in a given area d.)a measure determined by dividing the length of all the channels by the area of its drainage basin
d.
Maximum velocity in a stream is found a.)at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the shallowest parts of the stream channel b.)near the inside of a meander c.)near the bottom d.)at the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel
d.
Orogenesis refers to a.)the beginning of extensive faulting b.)the formation of mountains without faulting, folding, or the capture of migrating terranes c.)a general thinning of the crust d.)a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust
d.
Stream transport involves all of the following except a.)bed load b.)saltation c.)traction d.)sheet flow
d.
The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is a.)soil b.)debris c.)mud d.)alluvium
d.
Vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as a.)topography b.)an order of relief c.)crust d.)relief
d.
Which of the following is an endogenic process? a.)stream deposition b.)weathering c.)glacial erosion d.)volcanism
d.
Which of the following is incorrectly matched? a.)Tension - stretching or faulting b.)strain - stress-induced c.)compression - shortening or folding d.)shearing - stretching or faulting
d.
Which of the following supports the continental drift concept? a.)radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center b.)magnetic field patterns preserve in the rocks c.)plant and animal fossil records d.)All of the above e.)none of the above
d.
A vent in the ground from which steam or other gasses escape is a _____________.
fumarole
Match the name with the description
fumarole: 1. a vent from which steam escapes geyser: 2. an eruption of hot water and steam hot spring: 4. ground water has come into contact with hot rocks and risen to the surface travertine: 3. massive deposits of calcium carbonate around a hot spring
An eruption of hot water and steam forms a _________________.
geyser
Which of the following would make a landslide more likely? Choose all that apply.
removal of shrub vegetation from the slope adding fill to the top of the slope a road cut at the base of the slope building a house at the top of the slope irrigating a yard a the top of the slope
The type of mass wasting shown in this photo is most likely to be (pic of a bunch of small and large rocks on green land next to a mountain)
rock fall
____________________ _______________ is a landscape with tall, steep-sided hills of limestone.
tower karst
Caverns can form in marble bedrock.
true
Limestone is resistant to weathering under arid climate conditions.
true
Water in hot springs often contains many dissolved minerals.
true
Which of the following is not usually an important feature of karst topography?
well-developed stream network
More than half of the hydrothermal features in the world are found in
yellowstone
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form a weak carbonic acid.
True
Geothermal energy can cause water pollution.
True
There are many hydrothermal features in Yellowstone National Park. This is most likely because
Yellowstone is located over a mantle plume
Which of the following is correct of a floodplain a.)It is generally filled with layers of alluvium b.)It is an erosional feature located with a depositional feature c.)floodplains are not associated with deposition
a
A type of landslide in which the material moves downslope as a fairly coherent block of material, along a straight slip plane parallel to the ground surface, is called _______________.
a translational slide
Which of the following is correct regarding worldwide sea level? a.)it was about 130m lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10-20cm lower 100 y/ago b.)changes seem to occur without any relation to global average temperatures c.)over the long term, levels have been very constant d.)changes in sea level are usually unrelated to tectonic processes
a.)it was about 130m lower 18,000 B.P., and about 10-20cm lower 100 y/ago
A general term for the coastal environment is a.)shoreline b.)littoral zone c.)coastline d.)coast
b.
A major drainage basin consists of a single watershed a.)True b.)False
b.
An interruption in a stream's profile of equilibrium is called a a.)gradation b.)nickpoint c.)base level d.)longitudinal interruption
b.
As the potential evapotranspiration increases, salinity decreases a.)True b.)False
b.
Continental crust is basically _____, whereas oceanic crust is basically ______. a.)thin;thick b.)granite;basalt c.)basalt;granite d.)sima;sial
b.
During the past ice age, landmasses were generally a.)more exposed to the atmosphere b.)pressed down into the asthenosphere by the load of ice c.)unaffected by the climactic conditions of the time d.)elevated, because ice is lighter than rock
b.
Earthquake and volcanic occurrences do not correlate well with crustal plate boundaries a.)True b.)False
b.
Given present global warming trends and predicted climate change for the next century, sea level is estimated to rise a.)in an amount unrelated to the temperature of the ocean b.)between .18-.59m c.)in a way that will not threaten coastal inhabitants d.)more than 30m
b.
Limestone is lithified metamorphic rock; high in magnesium, whereas marble is a sedimentary form a.)True b.)False
b.
Natural levees are created during a.)low flow conditions b.)floods c.)normal flow conditions d.)none of the above - levees are man made
b.
A desert pavement surface is associated with which of the following types of deserts? a.)polar desert b.)erg c.)reg d.)sand sea
c.) (reg)
The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed a.)deposition b.)abrasion c.)saltation d.)deflation
d.)(deflation)
The color in a hot spring is caused primarily by
different types of algae that grow at different temperatures
A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of a.)a terrace b.)a levee c.)a point bar d.)a braided stream e.)an oxbow lake
e.
Adding fill to the top of a slope will make the slope more stable. t or f
false
Clay layers in a slope will reduce the possibility of mass wasting. t or f
false
The underground zone in which all pore spaces are saturated with water is the ____________ zone.
saturation
The slow downslope movement of individual particles of soil, under the influence of gravity, is called ___________ _______________.
soil creep
The slowest and least noticeable form of mass wasting is ________.
soil creep
The type of mass wasting shown in this photo is most likely to be (picture of a fence that is really slanted on a hill)
soil creep
___________ _______________ is a very slow type of mass wasting, in which just the surface layer of soil moves downhill.
soil creep
Which type of mass wasting is most associated with a tundra landscape?
solifluction
Match the name with the description.
stalactite: 2. limestone structure hanging from the ceiling of a cavern stalagmite: 4. limestone structure rising up from the floor of a cavern doline: 3. sinkhole in limestone bedrock travertine: 1. massive deposit of calcium carbonate around a hot spring
Which of the following is the result of the deposition of calcium carbonate, rather than solution?
stalactites