Health Behavior FINAL Exam

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the five levels of the social ecological model starting from smallest to largest (I.I.S.C.P)

individual (intrapersonal) interpersonal (social network) schools community public policy

"The cost of joining the gym is expensive" is an example of what type of factor of percieved behavioral control

inhibiting

something new or novel

innovation

constructs of DOI (I.C.S.T)

innovation communication channels social system time

Risk takers ― Tech savvy ― Independent ― Change oriented • They try everything as soon as possible

innovators

The level of influence, according to SEM, of the social cognitive theory

interpersonal (family,friends,social networks)

is recpirocal determinsm a construct? why or why not?

its a process rather than construct

question change ― have more modest financial resources ― wait until an innovation is an established norm or for it to become a social or economic necessity. ― be greatly influenced by their peers

late majority

ones belief regarding ones personal power over life events

locus of control

most rapid and effective means of diffusion through communication channels is through ____

mass media

what are the four constructs the self-efficacy theory is based on (M.V.V.S)

mastery experience vicarious experience verbal persuasion somatic and emotional states

They draw on a number of theories to help people understand a specific problem in a particular setting or context.Typically not as specific as a theory. Provide a framework on which to create plans for programs. Does not attempt to explain (like theory) the processes underlying learning.

model

which construct of HBM Offers reassurance, incentives, and assistance; correct misinformation.

percieved barrriers

"do you believe that performing the behavior is up to you or not up to you" is an example of what

percieved behavioral control

belief that one has, and can exercise control over performing the behavior

percieved behavioral control

what construct is part of the TPB but not TRA?

percieved behavioral control

which construct of HBM ExplainS how, where, when to take action and what the potential positive results will be.

percieved benefits

(the strength of facilitating and inhibiting factors): example: I can afford to join the gym if I stop eating out so much; plus two of my friends have memberships at the gym.

percieved power

which construct of HBM Specifys the consequence of a condition and recommended action.

percieved severity

which construct of HBM Helps individual develop an accurate perception of his or her own risk.

percieved susceptibility

has no inbtention of taking action within the next six months

precontemplation

the five stages of change (p.c.p.a.m)

precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintaenece

intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in that direction

preparation

to explain and predict health-related behaviors based on beliefs, attitudes, norms, and intentions of individuals.

purpose of TRA/TPB

rewards for engaging in targeted behavior

reinforcement management

key attributes of innovations (r.c.c.t.o)

relative advantage complatibility complexity trialibility observability

The belief in one's own ability to successfully accomplish something

self efficacy

which construct of HBM Provides guidance in performing action and give verbal reinforcement

self-efficacy

when people choose to change their behavior, when they believe they can, and commit to making the change

self-liberarion

the process in which people look at themselves with and without the problem behavior and assess the differences in their self-esteem

self-reevaluation

skip me

skip me

the interpersonal theory (s)

social cognitive theory

the process whereby options or alternatives in a social setting are sought that support the new behavior. an example would be a smoker trying to quit so he/she sits alongside nonsmokers at lunch

social liberation

The physical and emotional states caused by thinking about undertaking the new behavior

somatic and emotional states

four constructs of TTM (s.p.s.d)

stages of change (When people change) processes of change (How people change) self-efficacy decisional balance

when people remove the cues or triggers for the problem behavior from their environment

stimulus control

the five BEHAVIORAL processes of change

stimulus control helping relationships counter conditioning reinforcement management self- liberation

beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behavior; motivation to behave in a way that gains their approval

subjective norm

"do you agree/disagree that most people approve/disapprove of the behavior?" is an example of what

subjective norms

The five categories reflect characteristics and the amount of time it takes for innovation adoption (I.E.E.L.L)

• Innovators • early adopters • early majority • late majority • laggards

DOI: Steps in the decision process: (k.p.d.i.c)

• knowledge • persuasion • decision • implementation • confirmation

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY SELF EFFICACY

Make contracts with participants, using incremental goals.

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY EXPECTANCIES

Make sure messaging promotes the positive reasons for changing.

main SCT constructs (s.b.e.e.o.r.l.e)

Self-efficacy Behavioral capability Outcome expectations outcome Expectancies observational learning Reinforcements (positive and negative) Locus of control (internal to external) Emotional arousal

""Exercising would be easier if I joined the wellness center located a few blocks from my house" is an example of what type of factor of percieved behavioral control

faciliating

two kinds of factors of percieved behavioral control (f.i)

facilitating inhibiting

who developed the DOI and when

Everett Rogers in the early 1960s.

Originator of the SCT, when it orignated, and which text it evolved from

Albert Bandura - mid 1980s. Evolved from Social Learning Theory (SLT) - 1960s

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY LOCUS OF CONTROL

Assess locus of control and help church members feel they have control over their health outcomes.

who proposed the self efficacy theory and in what year?

Bandura in 1970

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

Community members serve as role models by demonstrating healthy cooking/eating and exercising.

• process by which new ideas (innovations) are disseminated (diffused) and adopted by a society.

DOI

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY EMOTIONAL AROUSAL

Have someone give a testimonial about his/her experiences living with a chronic disease related to poor diet and lack of physical activity.

All the things we do that influence our physical, mental, emotional, psychological, and spiritual selves. A myriad of factors influence the type of behavior in which we engage, whether it is helpful or harmful to our health.

Health Behavior

the 3 intrapersonal (individual) theories (H.RB.T)

Health Belief Model Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)

Addresses an individual's perceptions of a threat posed by a health problem (susceptibility, severity), the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decisions to act (barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy).

Health belief model

guidelines for choosing a theory (I.G.R.L.T)

Identify the health issue and the population affected Gather information Identify possible reasons or causes for the problem Identify the level of interaction Identify the theory or theories that match best

origniators of TBP/TRA and the approximate years they developed it

Martin Fishbein (Fish-bine) and Icek Ajzen (Ah-shin) between 1975 - 1980.

Prior success at having accomplished something that is similar to the new behavior

Mastery Experience

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY BEHAVIORAL CAPABILITY

Offer healthy cooking classes and exercise skills.

which two constructs of the HBM constitute a "percieved threat"

Perceived Susceptibility Perceived Seriousness/Severity

7 constructs of HBM (s.s.b.b.f.c.s)

Perceived Susceptibility Perceived Seriousness/Severity Perceived Benefits Perceived Barriers Modifying Factors Cues to Action Self-Efficacy

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY REINFORCEMENT

Provide incentives for maintaining healthy behaviors (positive); highlight how exercise can take away negative feelings/moods (negative)

model(s) that focus on rational, cognitive decision-making processes.

TRA/TBP

how did TTM come to be/evolve

TTM evolved out of studies comparing the experiences of smokers who quit on their own with those of smokers receiving professional treatment.

Application: Church-based intervention to help members change their nutritional and exercise behavior APPLY OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS

Through education, provide information about the positive benefits of healthy eating and exercise.

skip me

True

"do you see the behavior as good, neutral, or bad" is an example of what

attitude

personal evaluation of the behavior

attitude

the TTM's basic premise

behavior change is a process, not an event.

Theories and models that focus on behavior change and Explains how change takes place.

behavior change theories and models

three factors of reciprocal determinism (B.e.p)

behavior, environmental factors, personal factors

"are you likely or unlikely to perform the behavior" is an example of what?

behavioral intent

percieved likelihood of performing a behavior

behavioral intention

developers of the TTM and approximate year

by James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente. 1980s

Includes institutional (rules and policies), community (social norms) and public policy (legislation that can impact behavior)

community theories

the building blocks/primary elements of a theroy

concepts

the process whereby people obtain information about themselves and the problem behavior

consciousness raising

the five COGNITIVE processes of change (c.d.s.e.s)

consciousness raising dramatic relief (emotional arousal) self-reevaluation environmental reevaluation social liberation

the ten processes of change (c.d.s.e.s.s.h.c.r.s)

consciousness raising dramatic relief (emotional arousal) self-reevaluation environmental reevaluation social liberation stimulus control helping relationships counter conditioning reinforcement management self- liberation

concepts developed or adopted for use in a particular theory. also known as the KEY concepts of a given theory

constructs

intends to take action in the next six months

contemplation

what stage is decisional balance especially valuable?

contemplation

when a healthier behavior is substituted for an unhealthy one

counter-conditioning

which construct of HBM Provides "how to" information, promote awareness, employ reminder systems.

cues to action

Represents a mental weighing of the importance of the pros and cons associated with changing the behavior. Implications for behavior change are based on: Enhancing the perceptions of advantages of changing behavior; Minimizing perceptions of the barriers to adopting these behavior changes.

decisional balance

being able to express feelings about or react emotionally to the behavior in question

dramatic relief/emotional arousal

Community opinion leaders ―Well respected ―Role models ―Highly educated with high SES • They have a complex network of friends and colleagues and are very influential people.

early adopters

• be greatly influenced by opinion leaders and the mass media • adopt things over time • Given the sheer number of people this represents, when they begin to adopt an innovation, it becomes mainstream.

early marjoity

looking at the behavior being changed (old behavior) in light of its impact or effect on the physical and social environment. an example of this would be a smoker understading the environemtnal effects of secondhand smoke

environmental reevaluation

Observing others success and failures can influence self-efficacy

vicarious experience

what SCT posits (assumes)

that human behavior is the product of the dynamic interplay (reciprocal determinism) of personal, behavioral, and environmental influences.

expectations vs expectancies

the likely outcome of a particular behavior=expectations the value placed on the outcome of the behavior=expectancies

a general explanation of why people act or do not act to maintain and/or promote the health of themselves, their families, organizations, and communities.

theory

People tend to adopt innovations at a reasonably predictable rate depending on certain characteristics.

time adoption rate

purpose of SCT

to increase "likelihood" of behavior change

TRA/TPB are __-____ theories

value expectancy theories

the operational forms of constructs that define the way a construct is to be measured in a specific situation

variables

Encouragement by others Examples: Coaches Parents Teachers Friends Leaders

verbal persuasion


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