MGMT 3010 test 4
Mechanistic organizations
are rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, and top-down communication. A mechanistic organization generally would have one of the traditional organization designs: functional, divisional, and/or matrix
Closely related to inspiration, awe happens on a grand scale. You literally feel overwhelmed. You feel small and humble. _______makes you stop in your tracks.
awe
_________ is a stress reduction technique that is expensive because it requires a trained psychologist or counselor.
cognitive restructuring
________ is the shared belief that drives people to help others who are suffering.
compassion
An open system depends on
constant interaction with the environment for survival
_______ are specific behaviors used to deal with a stressful situation.
coping strategies
In Kotter's step of creating the guiding coalition, managers
create a cross-functional, cross-level group of people with enough power to lead the change
The focus of the unfreezing stage is to
create the motivation to change
Transformational innovations are targeted at
creating new markets and customers and they rely on developing breakthroughs and inventing things that don't currently exist
Five key change agent characteristics that can cause resistance to change are:
decisions that disrupt cultural traditions or group relationships, personality conflicts, lack of tact or poor timing, leadership style, and failing to legitimize change
The four key external forces for change are
demographic characteristics, technological advancements, market changes, and social and political pressures
______ is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves and how we perceive the world.
efficacy
Organizational climate is defined as
employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures, and routines.
_______ is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.
flow
One of the "pros" of _________ organizations is clear roles and responsibilities.
functional
Organizations defined by a traditional approach tend to have
functional, divisional, and/or matrix structures
Four key principles of conscious capitalism are
higher purpose, stakeholder interdependence, conscious leadership, and conscious culture.
In a __________ structure, teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are created to improve collaboration and work on common products.
horizontal
In a horizontal structure, teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are created to
improve collaboration and work on common projects
In addition to showing the chain of command, the organization chart
indicates extensive division of labor
Hierarchy of authority
is a control mechanism dedicated to making sure the right people do the right things at the right time
Information interpretation
is about making sense of the information that organizations have acquired and distributed
The first step of Kotter's change model
is to establish a sense of urgency
An example of social and political pressures for change is
oil prices. Social and political pressures are created by social and political events
The internal processes approach is appropriate when
organizational performance is strongly influenced by specific processes
the key contributors to an organizational climate that fosters positive OB:
organizational values, organizational practices, and virtuous leadership.
According to the contingency approach to organizational design,
organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation
Flourishing is positively related to
outcomes at both the group/team level (team performance) and the organizational level (overall productivity and financial performance).
_________is successful performance that dramatically exceeds the norm in a positive direction, which is good for the organization.
positive deviance
________ change is the most complex, costly, and uncertain of changes.
radically innovative
_______ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of bouncing back from adversity.
resilience
A ________ outlines an organization's long-term direction and the actions necessary to achieve the planned results.
strategic plan
Experts suggest that managers should consider four key issues when making decisions about how best to design an organization:
strategy and goals, technology, size, and human resources
Mindfulness is defined as
the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment.
The participation and involvement approach to overcoming resistance to change should be used when
the initiators do not have all the information they need to make the change
Mission statements represent
the reason organizations exist
The ________ principle specifies that each employee should report to only one manager.
unity of command
Key assumptions underlying Lewin's change model are:
Learn and unlearn. The change process involves learning something new, as well as discontinuing or unlearning current attitudes, behaviors, or organizational practices Motivation. Change will not occur unless there is motivation to change. People make or break. People are the key to all organizational changes. Resistance. Resistance to change is found even when the goals of change are highly desirable. Reinforce. Effective change requires reinforcing new behaviors, attitudes, and organizational practices.
benefit of functional structures
People devote more of their time to what they do best, Members develop pride in their specialty, which helps quality, Supervisors understand what department members do, They can save money by grouping together people who need similar materials or equipment.
focus on wealth
_________ is one characteristic that would describe an organization without positive OB.
If there is a lack of information or inaccurate information about the change, management should
adopt an education and communication approach to managing resistance to change
When positive practices have an escalating effect on positive outcomes because of their association with positive emotions and social capital, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.
amplifyig
the three effects of positive organizational behavior are
amplifying, buffering, and positivity