NHI Test #1 Cardiology
The client is admitted for a scheduled cardiac catheterization. On the morning of the procedure, while assessing the client's morning laboratory values, the nurse notes a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 34 mg/dL and a creatinine of 4.2 mg/dL. The nurse makes it a priority to notify the physician for which of the following reasons? a) The client is over-hydrated, which puts him at risk for heart failure during the procedure. b) The client is at risk for bleeding. c) The client is at risk for renal failure due to the contrast agent that will be given during the procedure. d) These values show a risk for dysrhythmias
) The client is at risk for renal failure due to the contrast agent that will be given during the procedure.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for digoxin (Lanoxin) Which of the following may indicate dig toxicity & should be reported to the provider? 1. Fatigue 2. constipation 3. Anorexia 4. Rash 5. Diplopia
1. Fatigue 3. Anorexia 5. Diplopia
To calculate a client's cardiac output, the nurse must obtain which of the following measures? (Select all that apply.) 1) cardiac index 2) heart rate 3) stroke volume 4)body surface area
2) heart rate 3) stroke volume
Which of the following would be an indication for a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)? 1) Determination of electrical activity of the heart 2) Evaluation of the response of the cardiovascular system to increased oxygen demands 3) Determination of atrial thrombi 4) Evaluation of myocardial perfusion at rest and after exercise
3) Determination of atrial thrombi
A nursing student asks her instructor, "which lab values are my inflammatory markers?" Select all that apply 1) Troponin 2) Creatinine Kinase 3) ESR 4) C-Reactive Protein 5) BNP
3) ESR 4) C-Reactive Protein
Following a treadmill test and cardiac catheterization, the client is found to have coronary artery disease, which is inoperative. He is referred to the cardiac rehabilitation unit. During his first visit to the unit he says that he doesn't understand why he needs to be there because there is nothing that can be done to make him better. The best nursing response is: A) "Cardiac rehabilitation is not a cure but can help restore you to many of your former activities." B) "Here we teach you to gradually change your lifestyle to accommodate your heart disease." C) "You are probably right but we can gradually increase your activities so that you can live a more active life." D) "Do you feel that you will have to make some changes in your life now?"
A) "Cardiac rehabilitation is not a cure but can help restore you to many of your former activities."
Which of the following symptoms should the nurse teach the client with unstable angina to report immediately to her physician? A) A change in the pattern of her pain B) Pain during sex C) Pain during an argument with her husband D) Pain during or after an activity such as lawnmowing
A) A change in the pattern of her pain
A 60-year-old male client comes into the emergency department with complaints of crushing chest pain that radiates to his shoulder and left arm. The admitting diagnosis is acute myocardial infarction. Immediate admission orders include oxygen by NC at 4L/minute, blood work, chest x-ray, an ECG, and 2mg of morphine given intravenously. The nurse should first: A) Administer the morphine B) Obtain a 12-lead ECG C) Obtain the lab work D) Order the chest x-ray
A) Administer the morphine
Which of the following terms describes the force against which the ventricle must expel blood? A) Afterload B) Cardiac output C) Overload D) Preload
A) Afterload
When teaching a client about propranolol hydrochloride, the nurse should base the information on the knowledge that propranolol hydrochloride: A) Blocks beta-adrenergic stimulation and thus causes decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and conduction. B) Increases norepinephrine secretion and thus decreases blood pressure and heart rate. C) Is a potent arterial and venous vasodilator that reduces peripheral vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure. D) Is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that reduces blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
A) Blocks beta-adrenergic stimulation and thus causes decreased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and conduction.
A client is wearing a continuous cardiac monitor, which begins to sound its alarm. A nurse sees no electrocardiogram complexes on the screen. The first action of the nurse is to: A) Check the client status and lead placement B) Press the recorder button on the electrocardiogram console. C) Call the physician D) Call a code blue
A) Check the client status and lead placement
Which of the following assessments would be an important finding for a patient with arterial disease? A) Intermittent claudication with exercise B) Brownish discoloration around the ankles C) Non-pitting edema on the lower extremities D) Altered sensation to touch
A) Intermittent claudication with exercise
A client is being started on lisinopril (Zestril). Nursing interventions during initial therapy with this medication must include A) Monitoring blood pressure. B) Monitoring intake and output. C) Monitoring EKG. D) Monitoring serum levels.
A) Monitoring blood pressure
When interpreting an ECG, the nurse would keep in mind which of the following about the P wave? (Select all that apply.) A) Reflects electrical impulse beginning at the SA node B) Indicated electrical impulse beginning at the AV node C) Reflects atrial muscle depolarization D) Identifies ventricular muscle depolarization E) Has duration of normally 0.11 seconds or less.
A) Reflects electrical impulse beginning at the SA node C) Reflects atrial muscle depolarization E) Has duration of normally 0.11 seconds or less.
A client with post-myocardial infarction develops acute bacterial pericarditis. Which of the following medications would the physician most likely prescribe as the primary drug? A) Ticarcillin disodium (Ticar) B) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) C) Ibuprofen (Motrin) D) Trioxsalen (Trisoralen)
A) Ticarcillin disodium (Ticar)
A70-year-old woman with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation asks the nurse why warfarin (Coumadin) has been prescribed for her to continue at home. Which response by the nurse is accurate? A. "The medication prevents blood clots from forming in your heart." B. "The medication dissolves clots that develop in your coronary arteries." C. "The medication reduces clotting by decreasing serum potassium levels." D. "The medication increases your heart rate so that clots do not form in your heart."
A. "The medication prevents blood clots from forming in your heart."
The new nurse is now teaching a patient about a cardiac cath that will be used with an angiography. Which of the following pieces of information should she include? (Select all that apply) A. "You may feel heat or flushing when the dye is injected. You may even want to cough or have a salty taste in your mouth. This is normal." B. "You may feel some pain or pressure at your insertion site- this is usually in the groin area, so don't be alarmed." C. "You may experience an occasional pounding sensation. This indicates a severe allergic reaction and you need to report this immediately." D. "You will be lying on a hard table for about 4 hours, so we will be monitoring you closely for skin breakdown." E. "We will give you some sedation like Versed, and maybe some pain medication as well, like Fentanyl."
A. "You may feel heat or flushing when the dye is injected. You may even want to cough or have a salty taste in your mouth. This is normal." B. "You may feel some pain or pressure at your insertion site- this is usually in the groin area, so don't be alarmed." E. "We will give you some sedation like Versed, and maybe some pain medication as well, like Fentanyl."
A patient admitted with heart failure appears very anxious and complains of shortness of breath. Which nursing actions would be appropriate to alleviate this patient's anxiety (select all that apply)? A. Administer ordered morphine sulfate. B. Position patient in a semi-Fowler's position. C. Position patient on left side with head of bed flat. D. Instruct patient on the use of relaxation techniques. E. Use a calm, reassuring approach while talking to patient.
A. Administer ordered morphine sulfate. B. Position patient in a semi-Fowler's position. D. Instruct patient on the use of relaxation techniques.
You have given your patient some teaching about their upcoming stress test. He asks, "how will you guys know if my test is positive?" You tell him that myocardial ischemia indicates a positive stress test. Which of the following would be included in a "positive" result? Select all that apply: A. Chest pain B. Dyspnea C. Dizziness D. EKG changes E. Leg cramping F. Bleeding G. Fatigue
A. Chest pain B. Dyspnea C. Dizziness D. EKG changes E. Leg cramping G. Fatigue
A 54 year old female admits to the E.D. with a suspected MI. Which of the following labs will confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply A. Creatnine Kinase (CK) B. Troponin C. BNP D. ESR
A. Creatnine Kinase (CK) B. Troponin
The patient has heart failure (HF) with an ejection fraction of less than 40%. What core measures should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care for this patient (select all that apply)? A. Left ventricular function is documented. B. Controlling dysrhythmias will eliminate HF. C. Prescription for digoxin (Lanoxin) at discharge D. Prescription for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor at discharge E. Education materials about activity, medications, weight monitoring, and what to do if symptoms worsen
A. Left ventricular function is documented. D. Prescription for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor at discharge E. Education materials about activity, medications, weight monitoring, and what to do if symptoms worsen
When assessing the patient, the nurse notes a palpable precordial thrill. This finding may be caused by A. heart murmurs. B. gallop rhythms. C. pulmonary edema. D. right ventricular hypertrophy.
A. heart murmurs
A patient with chronic congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation is treated with a digitalis preparation and a loop diuretic. To prevent possible complications of this combination of drugs, the nurse needs to A. monitor serum potassium levels. B. keep an accurate measure of intake and output. C. teach the patient about dietary restriction of potassium. D. withhold the digitalis and notify the health care provider if the heart rate is irregular. A. monitor serum potassium levels.
A. monitor serum potassium levels.
The drug used in the management of a patient with acute pulmonary edema that will decrease both preload and afterload and provide relief of anxiety is A. morphine. B. amrinone. C. dobutamine. D. aminophylline.
A. morphine
A patient with infective endocarditis develops sudden left leg pain with pallor, paresthesia, and a loss of peripheral pulses. The nurse's initial action should be to A. notify the physician. B. elevate the leg to promote venous return. C. wrap the leg in a blanket to provide warmth. D. perform passive range of motion to stimulate circulation to the leg.
A. notify the physician.
When providing discharge instructions to a patient with a new permanent pacemaker, the nurse teaches the patient to A. take and record a daily pulse rate. B. request special hand scanning at airport and other security gates. C. immobilize the arm and shoulder on the side of the pacemaker insertion for 6 weeks. D. avoid microwave ovens because they emit radio waves that alter pacemaker function.
A. take and record a daily pulse rate.
The client is prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) for treatment of HR. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching by the nurse? A) "I should not get short of breath anymore." B) "This drug will help my heart muscle pump less." C) "I may notice my heart rate decrease." D) "I may feel tired during early treatment."
B) "This drug will help my heart muscle pump less."
When administered a thrombolytic drug to the client experiencing an MI, the nurse explains to him that the purpose of this drug is to: A) Help keep him well hydrated B) Dissolve clots he may have C) Prevent kidney failure D) Treat potential cardiac arrhythmias.
B) Dissolve clots he may have
When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow? A) During inspiration B) During diastole C) During expiration D) During systole
B) During diastole
A client who has been receiving heparin therapy also is started on warfarin. The client asks a nurse why both medications are being administered. In formulating a response, the nurse incorporates the understanding that warfarin: A) Stimulates the breakdown of specific clotting factors by the liver, and it takes 2-3 days for this to exert an anticoagulant effect. B) Inhibits synthesis of specific clotting factors in the liver, and it takes 3-4 days for this medication to exert an anticoagulant effect. C) Stimulates production of the body's own thrombolytic substances, but it takes 2-4 days for this to begin. D) Has the same mechanism of action as Heparin, and the crossover time is needed for the serum level of warfarin to be therapeutic.
B) Inhibits synthesis of specific clotting factors in the liver, and it takes 3-4 days for this medication to exert an anticoagulant effect.
The client is prescribed captopril (Capoten) for treatment of HF. The nurse teaches that the primary action of the drug is to A) Prevent influx of calcium. B) Lower peripheral resistance and reduce blood volume. C) Increase strength of ventricular contractions. D) Increase heart rate.
B) Lower peripheral resistance and reduce blood volume.
When teaching a patient why spironolactone (Aldactone) and furosemide (Lasix) are prescribed together, the nurse bases teaching on the knowledge that: A) Moderate doses of two different types of diuretics are more effective than a large dose of one type B) This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia C) This combination prevents dehydration and hypovolemia D) Using two drugs increases osmolality of plasma and the glomerular filtration rate
B) This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia
A common arrhythmia found in some older clients is chronic atrial fibrillation. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the disease pathology, which of the following prescriptions should the nurse expect to be ordered? A) Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) B) Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) C) Simvastatin (Zocor) D) Vinorelbine tartrate (Navelbine)
B) Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Mr. Jones is scheduled at 0800 on Monday, November 9th, for an exercise stress test utilizing a treadmill. Your preprocedure teaching just ended. Which of Mr. Jones statements MOST indicates the need for further teaching? (Select all that apply) A. "I can't eat a thing for 12 hours before my test. That sucks." B. "I need to avoid caffeine, tobacco, and all my medications that contain caffeine for 4 hours before my test." C. "It sounds like I'll need to skip a dose of my Metoprolol before my test. Is that okay?" D. "I'm nervous about holding my Nitrate before this test, but I guess I will be alright. At least I get to wear my new Nike tennis shoes!"
B. "I need to avoid caffeine, tobacco, and all my medications that contain caffeine for 4 hours before my test." C. "It sounds like I'll need to skip a dose of my Metoprolol before my test. Is that okay?" D. "I'm nervous about holding my Nitrate before this test, but I guess I will be alright. At least I get to wear my new Nike tennis shoes!"
The nurse suspects left-sided heart failure in a newly admitted client when the nurse notes which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply.) A. Distended neck veins B. Bilateral crackles in the lungs C. Weight gain of 2 lb in past 2 days D. Shortness of breath, especially at night
B. Bilateral crackles in the lungs D. Shortness of breath, especially at night
For a patient who has undergone peripheral arteriography, how should the nurse assess the adequacy of peripheral circulation? A. By hemodynamic monitoring B. By checking peripheral pulses C. By observing the patient for bleeding D. By checking for cardiac dysrhythmias
B. By checking peripheral pulses
A patient with a diagnosis of heart failure has been started on a nitroglycerin patch by his primary care provider. What should this patient be taught to avoid? A. High-potassium foods B. Drugs to treat erectile dysfunction C. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs D. Over-the-counter H2-receptor blockers
B. Drugs to treat erectile dysfunction
A patient has been diagnosed with Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure, and is confused about return of deoxygenated blood from the tissue. To clarify the confusion, which chamber of the heart receives blood from systemic circulation? A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle
B. Right atrium
The home care nurse visits a 73-year-old Hispanic woman with chronic heart failure. Which clinical manifestations, if assessed by the nurse, would indicate acute decompensated heart failure (pulmonary edema)? A. Fatigue, orthopnea, and dependent edema B. Severe dyspnea and blood-streaked, frothy sputum C. Temperature is 100.4o F and pulse is 102 beats/minute D. Respirations 26 breaths/minute despite oxygen by nasal cannula
B. Severe dyspnea and blood-streaked, frothy sputum
The nurse is awaiting results of cardiac biomarkers for a patient with severe chest pain. The nurse would identify which biomarker as remaining elevated for the longest after myocardial damage has occurred? A. BNP B. Troponin C. CK-MB D. Myoglobin
B. Troponin
While obtaining subjective assessment data from a patient with hypertension, the nurse recognizes that a modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension is A. hyperlipidemia. B. excessive alcohol intake. C. a family history of hypertension. D. consumption of a high-carbohydrate, high-calcium diet
B. excessive alcohol intake.
A client with no history of cardiovascular disease comes into the ambulatory clinic with flulike symptoms. The client suddenly complains of chest pain. Which of the following questions would best help a nurse to discriminate pain caused by a non-cardiac problem? A) "Have you ever had this pain before?" B) "Can you describe the pain to me?" C) "Does the pain get worse when you breathe in?" D) "Can you rate the pain on a scale of 1-10, with 10 being the worst?"
C) "Does the pain get worse when you breathe in?"
A client with congestive heart failure, CHF, is prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix). Nursing interventions will include: (Select all that apply.) A) Encourage intake of water and fruit juices. B) Restrict intake of green, leafy vegetables. C) Checking apical pulse before administering medication. D) Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
C) Checking apical pulse before administering medication. D) Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
To evaluate a client's condition following cardiac catheterization, the nurse will palpate the pulse: A) In all extremities B) At the insertion site C) Distal to the catheter insertion D) Above the catheter insertion
C) Distal to the catheter insertion
Which of the following diagnostic tests is preferred for evaluating heart valve function? A) Chest x-ray B) Duplex Doppler C) Echocardiogram D) Electrocardiogram
C) Echocardiogram
Direct-acting vasodilators have which of the following effects on the heart rate? A) Heart rate decreases B) Heart rate remains significantly unchanged C) Heart rate increases D) Heart rate becomes irregular
C) Heart rate increases
The nurse developing a teaching plan for a client receiving thiazide diuretics should include the following. A) Teaching the client to take apical pulse. B) Decreasing potassium-rich foods in the diet. C) Including citrus fruits, melons, and vegetables in the diet. D) Teaching the client to check blood pressure t.i.d.
C) Including citrus fruits, melons, and vegetables in the diet.
Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart? A) Circumflex artery B) Internal mammary artery C) Left anterior descending artery D) Right coronary artery
C) Left anterior descending artery
A murmur is heard at the second left intercostal space along the left sternal border. Which valve is this? A) Aortic B) Mitral C) Pulmonic D) Tricupsid
C) Pulmonic
57-year-old client with a history of asthma is prescribed propanolol (Inderal) to control hypertension. Before administered propranolol, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A) Monitor the apical pulse rate B) Instruct the client to take medication with food C) Question the physician about the order D) Caution the client to rise slowly when standing.
C) Question the physician about the order Rationale: Beta Blockers are contraindicated in asthmatic patients
The client is prescribed a beta-blocker as adjunct therapy to treatment of heart failure. The nurse recognizes that beta blockers act by A) Increasing contractility and cardiac output. B) Decreasing preload. C) Slowing the heart and decreasing afterload. D) Decreasing peripheral resistance
C) Slowing the heart and decreasing afterload.
Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets begin to work within 1 to 2 minutes. How should the nurse instruct the client to use the drug when chest pain occurs? A) Take one tablet every 2 to 5 minutes until the pain stops. B) Take one tablet and rest for 10 minutes. Call the physician if pain persists after 10 minutes. C) Take one tablet, then an additional tablet every 5 minutes for a total of 3 tablets. Call the physician if pain persists after three tablets D) Take one tablet. If pain persists after 5 minutes, take two tablets. If pain still persists 5 minutes later, call the physician
C) Take one tablet, then an additional tablet every 5 minutes for a total of 3 tablets. Call the physician if pain persists after three tablets
As an initial step in treating a client with angina, the physician prescribes nitroglycerin tablets, 0.3mg given sublingually. This drug's principle effects are produced by: A) Antispasmotic effect on the pericardium B) Causing an increased mycocardial oxygen demand C) Vasodilation of peripheral vasculature D) Improved conductivity in the myocardium
C) Vasodilation of peripheral vasculature
A patient has just been given education on a lipid profile. Which of the following statements indicates that further teaching is necessary? A. "My LDL should be less than 160 since I am not especially at risk." B. "My Cholesterol will be pretty good if it's 150." C. "I should fast for 6 hours before this profile is gathered." D. "Hopefully my Triglycerides are under 150. This would be a good value."
C. "I should fast for 6 hours before this profile is gathered." Rationale: Lipid panel is run after a 12hr fast
A patient is about to leave for an ultrasound echocardiogram. Which of the following statements indicates that teaching about this procedure has been effective? A. "I'm having this test to diagnose my CAD." B. "I will be positioned on my right side, and I will have my entire chest exposed." C. "I will need to take a deep breath during this procedure, and it'll last about 30-45 minutes." D. "I will have a gel applied to my chest, and it may cause brief stinging."
C. "I will need to take a deep breath during this procedure, and it'll last about 30-45 minutes."
In planning activity for the patient recovering from an MI, the nurse recognizes that the healing heart wall is most vulnerable to stress A. 3 weeks after the infarction. B. 4 to 6 days after the infarction. C. 10 to 14 days after the infarction. D. when healing is complete at 6 to 8 weeks.
C. 10 to 14 days after the infarction
A new nurse is providing a patient with pre-procedure teaching regarding cardiac catherization. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (Select all that apply) A. You will be NPO for 8-12 hours before this test. We will also need your signed consent. B. Before your procedure, we will have you empty your bladder, okay? C. We will be able to evaluate your ventricular pressure with this test, but we will need a second test to obtain chamber pressure. D. Because this test is often performed on an outpatient basis, you will want to have someone set up to drive you home. E. If an angiography is used in combination with this, my allergy to shellfish will not matter because this is a petroleum-based dye. F. We will need you to stay at the clinic for a minimal time of 3 hours after your test to monitor your vital signs.
C. We will be able to evaluate your ventricular pressure with this test, but we will need a second test to obtain chamber pressure. E. If an angiography is used in combination with this, my allergy to shellfish will not matter because this is a petroleum-based dye. F. We will need you to stay at the clinic for a minimal time of 3 hours after your test to monitor your vital signs.
When a person's blood pressure rises, the homeostatic mechanism to compensate for an elevation involves stimulation of A. chemoreceptors that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasodilation. B. baroreceptors that inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system, causing vasodilation. C. baroreceptors that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, causing a decreased heart rate. D. chemoreceptors that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing an increased heart rate.
C. baroreceptors that inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, causing a decreased heart rate.
A compensatory mechanism involved in congestive heart failure that leads to inappropriate fluid retention and additional workload of the heart is A. ventricular dilation. B. ventricular hypertrophy. C. neurohormonal response. D. sympathetic nervous system activation.
C. neurohormonal response.
A patient with a tricuspid valve disorder will have impaired blood flow between the A. vena cava and right atrium. B. left atrium and left ventricle. C. right atrium and right ventricle. D. right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
C. right atrium and right ventricle
The nurse plans care for the patient with dilated cardiomyopathy based on the knowledge that A. family members may be at risk because of the infectious nature of the disease. B. medical management of the disorder focuses on treatment of the underlying cause. C. the prognosis of the patient is poor, and emotional support is a high priority of care. D. the condition may be successfully treated with surgical ventriculomyotomy and myectomy.
C. the prognosis of the patient is poor, and emotional support is a high priority of care.
If the Purkinje system is damaged, conduction of the electrical impulse is impaired through the A. atria. B. AV node. C. ventricles. D. bundle of His
C. ventricles
The health care provider has written a prescription for a client to have an echocardiogram. Which action should the nurse take to prepare the client for the procedure? A.Questions the client about allergies to iodine or shellfish B.Has the client sign an informed consent form for an invasive procedure C.Tells the client that the procedure is painless and takes 30 to 60 minutes D.Keeps the client on nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status for 2 hours before the procedure
C.Tells the client that the procedure is painless and takes 30 to 60 minutes
A client is receiving spironolactone to treat hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? A) "Eat foods high in potassium." B) "Take daily potassium supplements." C) "Discontinue sodium restrictions." D) "Avoid salt substitutes."
D) "Avoid salt substitutes."
An elderly client is being monitored for evidence of congestive heart failure. To detect early signs of heart failure, the nurse would instruct the certified nursing attendant (CNA) to do which of the following during care of the patient? A) Observe electrocardiogram readings and report deviations to the nurse. B) Assist the client with ambulation three times during the shift. C) Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes and report each reading to the nurse. D) Accurately weigh the patient, and report and record the readings.
D) Accurately weigh the patient, and report and record the readings.
Modification of lifestyle behaviors to help manage hypertension does not include which of the following? A) Weight loss of even 10 pounds B) The DASH diet C) Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains D) Alcohol intake with meals
D) Alcohol intake with meals
Which of these diagnostic tools is most commonly used to determine the location of myocardial damage? A) Cardiac Catheter B) Cardiac Enzymes C) Echocardiogram D) Electrocardiogram
D) Electrocardiogram
The patient with A-fib, hyperlipidemia, HTN and PAD is scheduled a cardiac cath d/t a positive exercise stress test. The patient is taking Lipitor, warfarin, and Lisinopril. The nurse knows that it is important for which of the following labs to be drawn before the procedure? A) aPTT B) Lipid Profile C) BNP D) INR
D) INR
When assessing an ECG, the nurse knows that the P-R interval represents the time it takes for the: A) Impulse to begin atrial contraction B) Impulse to transverse the atria to the AV node C) SA node to discharge the impulse to begin atrial depolarization D) Impulse to travel to the ventricles
D) Impulse to travel to the ventricles
Which of the following terms is used to describe the amount of stretch on the myocardium at the end of diastole? A) Afterload B) Cardiac index C) Cardiac output D) Preload
D) Preload
Which of the following drug classifications should the nurse question if prescribed for a person with congested heart failure (CHF)? A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor B) Beta-adrenergic blocker C) Alpha adrenergic antagonist D) Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
D) Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Left-sided heart failure is characterized by: A. Increased cardiac output B. Lowered cardiac pressures C. Decreased functioning of the left atrium D. Decreased functioning of the left ventricle
D. Decreased functioning of the left ventricle
After having an MI, the nurse notes the patient has jugular venous distention, gained weight, developed peripheral edema, and has a heart rate of 108/minute. What should the nurse suspect is happening? A. ADHF B. Chronic HF C. Left-sided HF D. Right-sided HF
D. Right-sided HF
A nursing instructor is teaching 5 nursing students about chest X-rays. Which of the following is an incorrect statement? A. Women of child-bearing age should wear a lead apron. B. This procedure will cause no pain. C. All jewelry should be removed from the chest and neck. D. This procedure is best performed if the patient can sit on a stool.
D. This procedure is best performed if the patient can sit on a stool.
If a patient has decreased cardiac output caused by fluid volume deficit and marked vasodilation, the regulatory mechanism that will increase the blood pressure by improving both of these is A. release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). B. secretion of prostaglandins PGE C. stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. D. activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D. activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The nurse prepares a patient for electrical cardioversion knowing that cardioversion differs from defibrillation in that A. defibrillation requires a greater dose of electrical current. B. defibrillation is synchronized to countershock during the QRS complex. C. cardioversion is indicated only for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias. D. cardioversion may be done on a nonemergency basis with sedation of the patient.
D. cardioversion may be done on a nonemergency basis with sedation of the patient.
A patient with a deep vein thrombosis suddenly develops dyspnea, tachypnea, and chest pain. Initially the most appropriate action by the nurse is to A. auscultate for abnormal lung sounds. B. administer oxygen and notify the physician. C. ask the patient to cough and deep breathe to clear the airways. D. elevate the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees to facilitate breathing
D. elevate the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees to facilitate breathing
