O'Gorman HS Speech Comm. Semester Final
If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the four major steps in building a loft," you would probably organize your speech in ____________ order.
Chronological
When the main points of a speech are arranged in a time sequence.
Chronological
Strategy least likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speech
Concentrating on your stage fright
____________ is the audience's perception of how qualified a speaker is to speak on a given topic.
Credibility
Connotative meaning gives words their ________________ power.
Emotional
True or False: Ethnocentrism is the same as pride.
False
The flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"
It is expressed as a question
Whatever the speaker communicates to someone else is termed the
Message
____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action.
Monroe's motivated sequence
Philosopher who said "in an ideal world all public speakers would be truthful and devoted to the good of society"
Plato
Four things a speaker needs for his/her works cited/bibliography
Title of document, Author/organization, Date last updated, Date speaker accessed article
When the main points of a speech are in categories or subtopics.
Topical
True or False: Paralanguage is a nonverbal.
True
True or false: The connotative meaning of a word is more variable, figurative, and subjective than its denotative meaning.
True
True or false: The use of repetition in a speech usually results in parallelism.
True
When used effectively, repetition in a speech
Unifies a sequence of ideas, helps build a strong cadence, reinforces an idea
Extemporaneous speech
a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
"To inform my audience about three major theories of climate change" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about
a concept
An instance of informative speaking
a counselor explaining the stages of grieving to people who have recently lost loved ones
An instance of persuasive speaking
a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client
"To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________.
fact
An error in reasoning
fallacy
True or false: "To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.
false
Which is a physiological process?
hearing
The lack of air conditioning or a mosquito bite are examples of _______ in the speech communication process.
interference
When two cases are being compared but ARE NOT essentially alike
invalid analogy
In order to avoid plagiarizing, a speaker should focus heavily on
paraphrasing
The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
target
Three methods speakers can use to avoid abstractions in informative speeches.
through description, use comparisons, or use contrasts
"To inform my audience about the origins of the Jewish holiday of Purim" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about
an event
The general purpose should always be
an infinitive
A specific purpose should always be
an infinitive phrase
"To inform my audience about the major features of a digital music player" is a specific-purpose statement for an informative speech about
an object
A speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.
analogical reasoning
When you compare two similar cases and conclude that if something is true for one, it must also be true for the other, you are using what kind of reasoning?
analogical reasoning
The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is
egocentric
Forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist.
either-or
Listening to a friend vent about their rough morning.
empathetic
The three suggestions given to help you FOCUS when listening
listen for main points, listen for evidence, listen for technique
When a listener treats every word as equally important, he/she is:
listening too hard
The use of language to degrade an individual or group
name-calling
Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?
need, plan, practicality
The four causes of poor listening
not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and personal appearance
The four types of informative speeches to use.
objects, processes, events, concepts
Conversation and public speaking share at least four similarities, including: (4)
organize thoughts logically, tailor message, tell story for maximum impact, adapt to listener feedback
"Our mission is to right wrong, to do justice, and to serve humanity" is an example of
parallelism
Constructing an entire speech by taking sections from two or more sources is known as
patchwork plagiarism
Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a persuasive speech: "Something should be done about the ozone problem."
too vague
True or false: "To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
true
True or false: Monroe's motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action.
true
The three guidelines for ethical listening
Be courteous and attentive, Avoid prejudging, Maintain the free and open expression of ideas
Ineffective or effective: The blind man did not request assistance with training.
Ineffective
Ineffective or effective: The firemen were able to retrieve our cat from the tree.
Ineffective
The three types of credibility
Initial, Derived, Terminal
Anything that impedes the communication of a message is
Interference
When organizing your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three divisions
Introduction, body, conclusion
True or False: An informative speech about a process explains a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.
True
True or False: An object can be a person or an animal.
True
True or False: Experts believe that being fully prepared for a speech can reduce stage fright by up to 75 percent.
True
True or False: Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message.
True
True or False: It is possible for a person to say 140 words per minute.
True
True or False: Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.
True
True or False: One of the problems of our current society is the encouragement of passive listening.
True
True or False: One way to think of a word's denotative meaning is as its dictionary definition.
True
True or False: Public speaking usually requires more formal language than everyday conversation.
True
True or False: Size and physical setting are both factors dealing with situational audience analysis.
True
True or False: Speech making becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.
True
True or False: The biggest part of stage fright is fear of the unknown.
True
True or False: The more you assume your listeners know about the topic of your informative speech, the more you run the risk of being misunderstood.
True
True or False: When using situational audience analysis, a speaker should consider the audience's disposition toward the topic, speaker, and occasion.
True
True or False: You should avoid using jargon when informing a general audience.
True
True or false: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" is an example of antithesis.
True
True or false: "History is a drama with many acts" is an example of metaphor.
True
True or false: Language has a rhythm created by the choice and arrangement of words.
True
"To inform my audience about the four major steps in body piercing" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about
a process
Memorized speech
a speech composed word for word and then delivered from memory
Impromptu speech
a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation
Manuscript speech
a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience
In an informative speech, the speaker acts as
a teacher
To motivate causes someone to
act
Attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.
ad hominem
When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra
adrenaline
"Taking the first step toward a healthier lifestyle requires three commitments: discipline, determination, and desire" is an example of
alliteration
"To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.
value
pros and cons of extemporaneous speech
+80% eye contact +conversational -requires prep time -must practice
pros and cons of impromptu speech
+conversational -minimum prep time -high apprehension
pros and cons of memorized speech
+eye contact -prep time -high apprehension
pros and cons of manuscript speech
+low apprehension -minimum eye contact -little change in town and pace
Time the average adult spends in conversation
About 30% of waking hours
A day later, we can remember only ____ percent of the original message.
10
We usually only grasp ____ percent of what we hear
50
Ineffective or effective: Ethics in the workplace should be a priority for every businessperson.
Effective
The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called
Ethnocentrism
True or False: "She darted around the bookstore like a hummingbird in a flower garden" is an example of metaphor.
False
True or False: If the meaning of a word is clear to you, you can assume that it is also clear to your audience.
False
True or False: In some cases the listener's frame of reference is exactly the same as the speaker's frame of reference.
False
True or False: It is possible for some to process 1000 words a minute.
False
True or False: It is usually most effective to keep your ideas impersonal when giving an informative speech.
False
True or False: Public speaking requires the same method of delivery as ordinary conversation.
False
True or False: The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose.
False
True or false: A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.
False
The 3 basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy
Need, Plan, Practicality
Listening to closing arguments of a court case.
critical
Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation is called
Visualization
Listening to your favorite podcast.
appreciative
The audience always come first is the mindset of a speaker being
audience-centered
The 4 major guidelines when writing the central idea
avoid a stating in a question, avoid being too vague, avoid figurative language, limit to one distinct idea
"It's a great diet-everyone should go on it" is a classic example of:
bandwagon
Assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable
bandwagon
____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.
brainstorming
The means by which a message is communicated is termed the
channel
Listening to directions.
comprehensive
The primary aim of an informative speech is to
convey knowledge or information.
True or false: Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs and/or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations.
false
A speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second
false cause
As you present your speech, you notice that a girl named Britta has an interested look on her face (not a funny one) and is nodding her head in agreement with your ideas. According your textbook, these reactions by your listeners are called...
feedback
Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's
frame of reference
Stealing an entire speech is an example of
global plagiarism
A speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence
hasty generalization
The three primary differences between public speaking and conversation
highly structured, more formal language, different delivery
To use language vividly your textbook recommends that speakers employ
imagery and rhythm
Failing to give credit for parts of one's speech is
incremental plagiarism
To influence causes someone to
influence
Putting words into someone's mouth:
jumping to conclusions
Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to
justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria
Plagiarism comes from latin word 'plagiarius' which means
kidnapper
When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________
persuade
A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.
policy
What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than 10 million Americans. II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media's glamorization of thinness. III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes.
problem-cause-solution
If you advocate a change in policy, your main points often will fall naturally into this type of order
problem-solution
The three major kinds of persuasive speeches
question of policy, fact, value
Audience Demographics involve looking at
race, religion, age, gender, group affiliation
The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence is
reasoning
A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion
red herring
As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should
relate the subject directly to your audience, avoid abstractions, personalize your ideas
What an audience remembers long after your speech is the
residual message
Taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented.
slippery slope
The difference between the rate we talk verses the rate we process language.
spare brain time
If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the major land regions in Spain," you would probably organize your speech in
spatial order
To persuade my audience that the death penalty does not deter crime is an example of a
specific purpose