personality psych quiz 4

recognize and classify facets associated with traits in the Big 5 framework.

EXTRAVERSION: friendliness, gregariousness (find the company of others stimulating and rewarding), assertiveness, activity level, excitement seeking, cheerfulness. AGREEABLENESS: trust, morality, altruism, cooperation, modesty, sympathy. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS: self-efficiency, orderliness, dutifulness, achievement-striving, self-discipline, cautiousness. NEUROTICISM: anger, anxiety, depression, self-consciousness, immoderation, vulnerability. OPENNESS: imagination, artistic interests, emotionality, adventurousness, intellect, liberalism.

define and explain each of the Big 5 traits of personality. Identify characteristics of individuals who score high and low on each trait. Where appropriate, identify advantages/disadvantages of the traits and correlates of high and low scores.

extraversion: SOCIAL vs quiet. FUN LOVING vs serious. AFFECTIONATE vs reserved. react less to sensory stimuli. ADVANTAGES: more popular & physically attractive. DISADVANTAGES: poor time management, need more control. neuroticism: WORRIED vs calm. INSECURE vs secure. SELF PITYING vs. self satisfied. higher scores=lower emotional stability. negatively correlated with happiness & well-being & physical health. agreeableness: SOFTHEARTED vs ruthless. TRUSTING vs suspicious. HELPFUL vs uncooperative. warm, friendly, conforming, love. easy to get along with, more religious, more healthy. conscientiousness: ORGANIZED vs disorganized. openness: open to experience. IMAGINATION vs down to earth. VARIETY vs routine. INDEPENDENT vs conforming. drug use, artistic, creative, clever, open-minded. less replicable.

describe self-monitoring and identify characteristics of high and low self-monitors

-self monitoring is how you portray yourself to the outside world, and whether the inner self matches the outer self. -high self monitors look for cues in situations and they adjust their behavior accordingly and conform. -low self monitors are more consistent throughout situations and say how it is.

summarize the two methods of uncovering essential traits.

1. theoretical method - reduce the many to a few by thinking about it. 2. factor analytic method - reduce the many to a few using data analysis.

recognize theorists and practices associated with the theoretical and factor-analytic methods of identifying essential traits.

1. theoretical method: HENRY MURRAY said there are 20 needs (traits), these are central to understanding personality. BLOCK & BLOCK said our two traits are ego-control (over and under controlling of your impulses) and ego-resillience (adjusting our levels of control depending on the situation, and adapting to our environmental demands). 2. factor analytic: RAYMOND CATTELL did a 16 essential personality trait questionnaire. HANS EYSENCK said the essentials of personality were determined genetically (like temperament).

explain the lexical hypothesis and its application to the study of personality traits

the lexical hypothesis says that personality characteristics that are important to a group of people will eventually become part of that group's language (more likely as a single word). over time, many words will end up meaning the same thing (happy, glad, joyful, etc.)