pharm M29&39 hyperlipidemia
3250
The healthcare provider has ordered epoetin alfa 50 units/kg subcutaneously three times weekly. Today the client weighs 143 lb. The nurse should administer ____ units of epoetin
c
The nurse completes an assessment of a client who is prescribed filgrastim after a bone marrow transplant. The nurse would attend most closely to which parameters on the complete blood count? A. Hemoglobin and hematocrit B. Band count and reticulocyte count C. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil count D. Platelet count and reticulocyte count
d
A pregnant client is receiving counseling related to proper nutrition for fetal development. When told that an iron supplement is advised, the woman says, "Why should I take iron? I was never told I was anemic." Which is the nurse's best response? A. "Your body does not absorb iron from food as readily because you are pregnant. A supplement will prevent anemia." B. "More iron is eliminated from your body because of the increased urine output you experience during pregnancy. The supplement will prevent anemia." C. "Nausea will probably keep you from eating enough meat to keep your iron up, so the supplement will prevent anemia." D. "Your body needs more iron than usual for the baby, and you will temporarily have a greater blood volume."
bc
A seasoned nurse is reviewing the different classifications of medications that are used to decrease blood cholesterol levels with a new nurse on a medical long dash —surgical unit. The seasoned nurse knows the new nurse has comprehended the information when she states which medications as fibric acid agents? Select all that apply. A. Zetia B. Atromid-S C. Lopid D. Zocor E. Colestid
abde
A student is discussing lipid transport through the blood with a nursing instructor. The student asks the educator which apoproteins are important to lipid transport. Which responses by the educator are appropriate? Select all that apply. A. A-II B. B-100 C. A-III D. A-I E. A-IV
a
After major surgery, a client's hemoglobin is 9.6 g/dL. The nurse expects that the client's erythropoietin output would go up, but recognizes that increased production is largely dependent on which factor? A. Normal kidney function B. Normal serum ferritin levels C. Normal bone marrow function D. Resumption of regular and balanced dietary intake
d
An adult client is 75 lb over the ideal weight, eats a diet high in carbohydrates, and drinks three to four alcoholic beverages daily. Which pattern of dyslipidemia most likely fits all the findings and behaviors demonstrated by this client? A. Elevated LDL, VLDL, total cholesterol, chylomicrons; triglycerides more than three times normal B. Elevated chylomicrons, normal cholesterol, triglycerides more than three times normal C. Elevated LDL and total cholesterol, normal VLDL and triglycerides D. Elevated VLDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol; glucose intolerance
a
An elevation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) most likely would be related to which comorbid condition? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Renal insufficiency C. Hyperthyroidism D. Iron deficiency anemia
c
An oncology nurse is administering colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) to a client who has been receiving chemotherapy. How should the nurse explain the expected effect of this medication? A. "This medication will help to counteract the tendency of chemotherapeutic agents to cause peripheral edema." B. "This medication will help reduce the possibility of bleeding in the brain." C. "This medication will help protect you from developing severe infections." D. "This medication will help overcome your fatigue and improve your overall energy level.
bd
The client and nurse have set a goal that the client will demonstrate proper technique for self-administration of epoetin alfa (Epogen) before the client is discharged from the hospital. Which client actions would the nurse evaluate as indicating this goal is met? Select all that apply. A. The client verbalizes a plan to keep the medication vials in a cabinet out of the reach of children. B. The client draws the appropriate amount of medication into the syringe. C. The client saves the remaining medication in the vial for the next dose. D. The client warms the vial by holding it for a few minutes before drawing up the medication. E. The client shakes the vial prior to drawing up the medication.
abc
The healthcare provider has ordered darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) for a client who has anemia secondary to chemotherapy. What teaching should the nurse provide to the client? Select all that apply. A. "You will need to come in once a week for this medication." B. "This medication will help to increase your red blood cell count." C. "You should see maximum results from this medication in 2 to 4 weeks." D. "You can take this medication by mouth." E. "This drug has fewer side effects than the epoetin alfa we used to give.
c
Lab work reveals that a client has an extremely low neutrophil count. The nurse recognizes that colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) can increase the white blood cell count, provided that the client has normal function of which organ? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Bone marrow D. Gastrointestinal tract
d
Mild folate deficiency can be managed with dietary interventions. Which foods would the nurse recommend? A. Fresh citrus fruits B. Strawberries, melon, and blueberries C. Lean meat, cheese, and milk D. Bread and pastas, dried beans, and fresh greens
ce
Morphology reports on a blood smear from a client who has documented anemia show normocytic-normochromic red blood cells. Which assessment questions should the nurse ask to further identify the etiology of this anemia? Select all that apply. A. "Do you follow a strict vegetarian diet?" B. "Do you eat enough foods that contain iron?" C. "You will need several radiation treatments to slow down production of your blood cells." D. "Do you get enough folate in your diet?" E. "Have you experienced any episodes of bleeding?"
b
Niacin and aspirin have been prescribed for a client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Which statement regarding why this drug combination is prescribed is the most accurate? A. "Severe headaches are common during the early weeks of niacin therapy." B. "Aspirin can decrease discomfort associated with niacin therapy." C. "A common side effect of niacin therapy is joint pain." D. "Taking niacin and aspirin together increases the therapeutic effect of niacin."
b
One of the adverse effects of a chemotherapy drug being administered to a client is depression of pluripotent stem cells. Which change in this client's lab values would the nurse expect after treatment is initiated? A. Abrupt decrease in hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels B. Abrupt decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets C. Decrease in red blood cells only D. Gradual decrease in red blood cells with a gradual increase in white blood cells
acd
The nurse is reviewing lab work prior to administering a client's regularly scheduled subcutaneous injection of epoetin alfa. The nurse notes that the client's hematocrit has dropped from the last time the lab was drawn. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate? Select all that apply. A. Discuss this finding with the client's healthcare provider immediately. B. Schedule another hematocrit test tomorrow. C. Ask the lab to verify the lab results. D. Ask the client, "How have you been feeling?" E. Give the epoetin alfa and hold pressure on the injection site for 5 minutes.
b
Which statement indicates that a client understands teaching about atorvastatin (Lipitor)? A. "I should take this drug with breakfast." B. "I should stop taking this drug if I decide to try to become pregnant." C. "I might have to increase my dose of digoxin." D. "I should always take this drug on an empty stomach."
b
Cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids travel between the liver and peripheral tissues through which mechanism? A. As unbound free molecules B. Bound to apoproteins C. Bound separately in molecule complexes D. Bound to albumin
abd
The nurse educator is teaching a group of students about HMG-CoA reductase medications. The nurse knows the students understood the lesson when they state which drugs as examples of this classification? Select all that apply. A. Lipitor B. Mevacor C. Welchol D. Lescol E. Questran
ade
A client and nurse have set this goal: "The client will verbalize precautions required while taking medications to reverse neutropenia by date of discharge." Which client statements would the nurse evaluate as indicating this goal is met? Select all that apply. A. "I will call my healthcare provider's office if my temperature goes over 100.5 degrees °F." B. "I should not worry if my stools are light in color." C. "I should eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables while on this drug." D. "If I develop a cough, I will call my healthcare provider's office." E. "I will avoid going to the shopping mall until my therapy is complete."
a
A client has a surgical wound infection. The nurse recognizes that a healthy body will respond by rapidly increasing colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in the blood. How does this increase help in fighting the infection? A. Increased phagocytosis B. Elevated level of serum antibodies C. Slowed migration of leukocytes D. Decreased antibody toxicity
a
A client is admitted with pernicious anemia. The nurse understands that therapy will include medication to address the client's lack of intrinsic factor. Which drug would the nurse anticipate administering? A. Cyanocobalamin subcutaneously B. Epoetin alfa subcutaneously C. Intravenous iron D. An oral iron salt
c
A client is being discharged after a hospital admission for chest pain with a multidrug regimen that includes a new prescription for cholestyramine (Questran). Which information is the most important for the nurse to include in discharge teaching about this drug? A. "If you experience bloating or constipation, you should stop taking this drug." B. "Do not take vitamin supplements while taking cholestyramine." C. "You must carefully follow instructions for mixing this drug with liquid." D. "We will monitor your kidney function while you are taking this drug."
ae
A client is hospitalized for pharmacologic management of a hematopoietic disorder secondary to chemotherapy treatment. The client states, "This sounds really bad. How will I be treated for this problem?" Which responses by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. A. "You will probably need multiple blood transfusions." B. "We will give you medications to reverse your chemotherapy." C. "You will need several radiation treatments to slow down production of your blood cells." D. "In many cases we can give you medications that are very similar to substances already produced in your body." E. "Since you are low on some blood cells, we will give you medications to increase your body's production of those cells."
a
A client is prescribed a dose of oprelvekin. Prior to administration of the drug, which nursing assessment should trigger a telephone call to the provider who wrote the order? A. History of myelogenous leukemia B. History of alcohol abuse C. Current platelet count of 25,000 D. Current hemoglobin of 9.6 g/dL
2
A client is receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen) therapy. The nurse would evaluate the therapy as successful if the client averages a ___% increase in hematocrit weekly
bd
A client is receiving the first dose of sargramostim (Leukine). Which assessment findings should the nurse evaluate as indicating a possible serious adverse effect of this drug? Select all that apply. A. Rash on the palms B. Difficulty breathing C. Yellowing of the mucous membranes D. Tachycardia E. Increased blood pressure
d
A client received a first dose of cyanocobalamin (Nascobal) 2 days ago. The nurse is monitoring the client's electrolytes because of the possibility of which clinical manifestation? A. A marked decrease in calcium and the risk of tetany B. A decrease in sodium and the potential for renal failure C. A marked decrease in serum osmolality and the risk of cerebral edema D. A marked decrease in potassium and the potential for dangerous dysrhythmias
ade
A client says to the nurse, "My sister's doctor told her to start taking ferrous sulfate tablets. Do you think that would help me feel better?" Which client history would be of concern to the nurse? Select all that apply. A. Ulcerative colitis controlled by diet B. An episode of shingles last winter C. Frequent falls D. Daily use of a proton pump inhibitor E. Peptic ulcer disease
c
A client taking gemfibrozil (Lopid) and rosuvastatin (Crestor) reports muscle and joint pain. The nurse's response is based on an interpretation that this complaint might indicate which manifestation? A. Peripheral neuropathy B. Hepatic injury C. Myopathy D. An inflammatory response
b
A client who had gastric bypass surgery 6 months ago is profoundly anemic. The client has memory loss and periodic hallucinations. A diagnosis of folate deficiency has been proposed. Why would the nurse question this provisional diagnosis? A. Folic acid deficiency has only a minimal impact on red blood cell counts. B. Folate deficiency anemia does not produce neurologic symptoms. C. Iron deficiency anemia is the anemia that occurs among gastric resection clients. D. Folic acid absorption is usually enhanced during a rapid weight loss.
b
A client who has just returned from an extended mountain-climbing trip in the Andes is seen in a clinic for an elective procedure. Preprocedure blood work reveals a very high hemoglobin level and red blood cell count. Which action should the nurse take? A. Ask if the client used supplemental oxygen during high-altitude climbing. B. Place the lab results in the chart for the healthcare provider to review prior to the procedure. C. Ask if the client ate a lot of iron-rich raisins in trail mix on the journey. D. Call the lab and have the test repeated.
bcde
A client who is a strict vegetarian is prescribed cyanocobalamin (Nascobal) for vitamin B12 deficiency. Which information should the nurse provide for this client Select all that apply. A. "Constipation is a concern with this drug." B. "Your healthcare provider may want to do an intradermal test dose of the medication before you start taking it." C. "Adverse effects of this drug are rare." D. "Nutrient-fortified breakfast cereals will help support your vitamin B 12 12 levels." E. "Your medication is in the form of a nasal spray."
d
A client who is a vegetarian is having difficulty maintaining a hemoglobin level over 12 g/dL. The nurse understands that this problem is primarily related to the client's choice to avoid animal products. Which food choices contain sufficient iron to meet this client's needs? A. Red and orange vegetables such as tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and carrots B. Root vegetables such as potatoes, onions, and yams C. Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower D. Whole-grain bread and pastas, and fortified cereal
d
A client who recently started on chemotherapy states, "The doctor told me my stem cells were down. A stem cell sounds like something on a flower! What did the doctor mean?" Which response by the nurse provides the best explanation? A. "The complete blood count you had yesterday showed a decrease in the number of stem cells. Your doctor is keeping you informed." B. "Bone marrow depression is a common side effect of chemotherapy, but it can be treated." C. "Did the oncology nurse give you a copy of the pamphlet that discusses the unwanted effects of chemotherapy?" D. "Stem cells are found in your bone marrow. They can turn into red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets, depending on what your body needs at the time. Right now, your body is producing fewer than it should."
d
A client who takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) daily has been prescribed erythromycin for sinusitis. To prevent consequences of an adverse effect of this combination of drugs, it is most important for the nurse to monitor this client for which clinical manifestation? A. Abdominal pain and cramping B. Bleeding from the oral cavity and bruising C. Lack of expected response to erythromycin D. New onset of muscle pain
c
A client whose hemoglobin level was 6 g/dL 2 days ago has received parenteral epoetin alfa. A hemoglobin level has just been drawn to evaluate therapy. The nurse would consider which hemoglobin lab result as most problematic? A. 11 long dash —12 g/dL B. 9 long dash —10 g/dL C. 13 long dash —14 g/dL D. 7 long dash —8 g/dL
ae
A client will be on long-term oral iron therapy. When discussing this therapy, the nurse mentions that a slow-release, enterically coated preparation may be advisable for the client. Which rationales would the nurse have for this suggestion? Select all that apply. A. The client has children at home. B. This form reduces problems with constipation. C. This preparation can be taken with coffee or milk. D. This form is less expensive. E. The enteric coating may reduce gastrointestinal (GI) upset.
c
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrates a consistently low pulse oximetry value. The nurse notes a ruddy facial color with purple undertones and recognizes the effects of which elevated blood levels? A. Colony-stimulating factors and serum ferritin B. Interleukin-11 and macrophage activity C. Erythropoietin and red blood cells (RBCs) D. Colony-stimulating factors and white blood cells
b
A client with preexisting bipolar disorder is receiving filgrastim (Neupogen) for the management of neutropenia following chemotherapy treatments for lymphocytic leukemia. The oncology nurse recognizes that which preparation for bipolar disorder could complicate the management of the client's leukemia? A. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) B. Lithium carbonate C. Clonazepam (Klonopin) D. Valproic acid (Depakene)
d
A client with severe pernicious anemia tells the nurse, "I do not understand why everyone is so excited about a little anemia. Lots of people are anemic." The nurse responds that long-term pernicious anemia can cause severe damage to the tissues of which system? A. Cardiovascular system B. Gastrointestinal system C. Renal system D. Nervous system
c
A nurse administers an exogenous erythropoietin in the form of epoetin alfa (Epogen) to a client on dialysis. Which statement best describes the action of this drug to the client? A. "Epogen changes the molecular structure of your hemoglobin, making it carry more oxygen." B. "Epogen makes your red blood cells bigger around." C. "Epogen helps to increase the concentration of the oxygen carrier in your blood." D. "Epogen will change the shape of your red blood cells to increase their flexibility."
90
A nurse educator is reviewing the different types of lipids with a group of nursing students. The educator is discussing the importance of triglycerides and states that triglycerides account for ___ % of the total lipids in the body.
b
A nurse is evaluating outcomes of teaching for a client with a new prescription for atorvastatin (Lipitor). Which response indicates that the client has understood teaching about this drug? A. "I will avoid taking this drug with meals." B. "I will stop taking this drug if I am trying to get pregnant." C. "I should always take this drug right before breakfast." D. "I might need to increase my dose of digoxin while I am taking this drug."
d
A nurse who works in an outpatient chemotherapy unit has received an order to administer filgrastim (Neupogen) to a client who received chemotherapy this morning. The client's white blood cell count is dropping rapidly. The nurse asks the client to return to the unit tomorrow for the filgrastim. What is the rationale for the nurse's request? A. There is an increased risk of adverse reaction to both drugs. B. If given today, the increase in the white blood cell count will occur too rapidly. C. If the filgrastim is given today, the risk of liver damage will increase. D. The actions of the filgrastim and chemotherapy drugs will oppose each other
70
A nursing instructor explains to a group of students that LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol because this lipoprotein contributes significantly to plaque deposits and coronary artery disease (CAD). The instructor asks the students what percentage of cholesterol is circulating in LDLs. The correct range is 60 to ___%.
acd
A nursing student is preparing a presentation on the different types of lipids. The student will include which classification of lipids in the presentation? Select all that apply. A. Triglycerides B. Bile acids C. Phospholipids D. Steroids E. Lecithins
d
The nurse has instructed a client on the self-administration of oral iron tablets. Which client statement indicates the need for further clarification? A. "The medicine will help my body build red blood cells." B. "I will have blood drawn after 3 or 4 weeks to see if this drug is improving my red blood cell count." C. "If I get constipated while I am taking this drug, I will stop taking the drug." D. "I should take this medication with meals, along with a big glass of milk.
d
The nurse is assessing a client who is pale and complains of dizziness and chronic fatigue. The client's heart rate increases with exertion. The medical diagnoses include possible anemia. Based on this assessment, which conclusion can the nurse draw? A. Constant exhaustion indicates the client is probably losing blood. B. Blood work will indicate the client has pernicious anemia. C. Pallor indicates the client has iron deficiency anemia. D. The client's signs and symptoms are typical of anemia.
c
The nurse is assigned to care for a client who is prescribed cholestyramine (Questran). To maintain safety for this client relative to the potential effects of this drug, the nurse should monitor which laboratory test? A. Serum glucose B. Serum potassium level C. Serum transaminases D. Neutrophil count
c
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with aplastic anemia. The nurse recognizes that the medical management of this type of anemia is based on the fact that it is triggered by which event? A. Lack of intrinsic factor in the gastrointestinal tract B. An episode of acute bleeding C. Acute destruction of red blood cells within the body D. A hereditary problem with the formation of red blood cells
d
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease. When examining the results of laboratory tests, the nurse notes that which findings are consistent with this diagnosis? A. Decreased total serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL B. Elevated total serum cholesterol, LDL, and HDL C. Decreased total serum cholesterol and LDL, and elevated HDL D. Elevated total serum cholesterol and LDL, and decreased HDL
a
The nurse is caring for a client taking both gemfibrozil (Lopid) and warfarin (Coumadin). To maintain safety relative to the interaction of these drugs, the nurse should monitor the client closely for which clinical manifestation? A. Bleeding B. Hyperlipidemia C. Myolysis D. Clot formation
b
The nurse is caring for a client with a very low platelet count. The nurse recognizes that a resurgence in the platelet count is most likely to occur in response to a higher circulating level of which substance? A. Erythropoietin B. Thrombopoietin C. Colony-stimulating factors D. An interferon
a
The nurse is caring for an ambulatory client who requires treatment for pernicious anemia on a medical unit. The client is weak and short of breath, and recently has become confused. Vital signs at rest are temperature 98.0 degrees °F, pulse 98 beats/min, respirations 22 breaths/min, blood pressure 96/60 mmHg, and pulse oximetry 95%. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority? A. Falls, Risk for related to confusion, weakness, and unfamiliar environment B. Confusion, Acute related to aging, and abnormal vital signs C. Knowledge, Deficient (anemia treatment) related to a new medical diagnosis and its treatment D. Walking, Impaired related to weakness, low blood pressure, and fast heart rate
c
The nurse is delivering care to a client on dialysis who received epoetin alfa during the previous visit. Which nursing intervention is most important during this treatment? A. Ensuring that the shunt is appropriately cleaned and dressed after the treatment B. Ensuring that sufficient water is removed during dialysis, based on body weight C. Ensuring that the client receives sufficient heparin after the day's dialysis is complete D. Ensuring that the client understands the indications and expected outcomes of epoetin alfa therapy
b
The nurse is developing teaching materials on managing the side effects of oral iron salts for distribution in a free clinic. Which information should be included? A. Take oral iron products just before bedtime. B. Take oral iron products on an empty stomach unless nausea results. C. Take oral iron products with the largest meal of the day. D. Take oral iron products with plenty of fluid, such as milk, tea, or coffee.
100000
The nurse is evaluating the laboratory results of a client who is receiving filgrastim (Neupogen). The nurse would be concerned if this client's leukocyte count exceeds ____ cells/mm3.
acd
The nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving drug therapy for a lipid disorder. What outcomes depict that the client is experiencing the therapeutic effects of the medication? Select all that apply. A. Lowered total cholesterol B. Decreased BUN and creatinine C. Lowered LDL D. Increased HDL E. Elevated liver enzymes
a
The nurse is planning care for a client who will be administering injections of cyanocobalamin once a month. Which goal is most appropriate? A. The client will safely self-administer cyanocobalamin as ordered every 4 weeks. B. The client will be given cyanocobalamin monthly until the blood count improves. C. The client will understand the purpose of cyanocobalamin before the first dose. D. The client will be taught about the possible side effects of cyanocobalamin by the home health nurse.
ace
The nurse is preparing to discharge a client from a medical long dash —surgical unit. The client is going home on niacin therapy to decrease blood cholesterol levels. In educating the client on medication safety, the nurse should instruct the client to report which adverse effects to the healthcare provider? Select all that apply. A. Jaundice B. Vomiting C. Joint pain D. Nausea E. Stomach pain
c
The nurse is providing teaching to a client who has been placed on oral cholestyramine for management of a lipid disorder. Which statement by this client indicates the need for further teaching about this drug? A. "I should take my warfarin at least 1 hour before I take my cholestyramine." B. "I should stop taking a daily multivitamin pill." C. "I should keep all appointments for monitoring my warfarin therapy, since I might need to decrease the dose of this drug." D. "Before I take this medicine, I should mix it in 2 ounces of water, then add another 2 to 4 ounces before I swallow it."
d
The nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results. Which finding is of most concern? A. Total cholesterol 202 mg/dL B. LDL cholesterol 92 mg/dL C. HDL cholesterol 62 mg/dL D. Triglycerides 349 mg/dL
b
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with a low level of intrinsic factor. Which blood smear report would help confirm the medical diagnosis of pernicious anemia? A. Macrocytic and hypochromic red blood cells B. Macrocytic and normochromic red blood cells C. Normocytic and normochromic red blood cells D. Microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells
be
The nurse is reviewing the adverse effects associated with statins with a client who is prescribed this classification of medication to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The nurse knows the client has understood the teaching when the client states which serious adverse effects associated with statins? Select all that apply. A. Abdominal pain B. Rhabdomyolysis C. Headache D. Muscle or joint pain E. Myopathy
a
The nurse is reviewing the blood work of a client newly diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Because of the way iron is stored in the body, the nurse pays closest attention to which lab value? A. Serum ferritin 10 mg/mL B. Red blood cell count of 5,000,000 C. Hb 10.1 g/dL D. Platelet count of 75,000
a
The nurse is teaching a client about reducing the risk for coronary artery disease. An elevation in which laboratory value is most directly associated with atherosclerosis, leading to coronary artery disease? A. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) B. Total cholesterol C. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) D. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
ace
The nurse is teaching a client regarding therapeutic lifestyle changes that can be implemented to control cholesterol levels in the blood. Which statements made by the client indicate an appropriate understanding of the teaching session? Select all that apply. A. "I will eliminate tobacco use." B. "I will decrease soluble fiber in my diet." C. "I will maintain an optimal weight." D. "I will increase intake of dietary saturated fats and cholesterol." E. "I will implement a medically supervised exercise plan."
b
The nurse is teaching a client who has been prescribed medication to manage HDL cholesterol. Which statement by the client indicates that the teaching has been understood? A. "If I can decrease my HDL level, I will be less likely to have a heart attack." B. "If I can increase my HDL level, I will be less likely to have a heart attack." C. "Treatment of HDL cholesterol will also raise my LDL cholesterol level." D. "Treatment of HDL cholesterol will also decrease my LDL cholesterol level."
d
The nurse is teaching a client with elevated LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol about strategies to manage this disorder. The client asks the nurse why there is a difference in the direction of change in the goals for altering HDL versus LDL cholesterol. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? A. "I think you have misunderstood what I have told you, since we want both values to be reduced." B. "It is most important to increase HDL cholesterol, and if we can reduce LDL cholesterol also, that might be of some help." C. "We want to reduce HDL cholesterol and increase LDL cholesterol because these changes will protect you against atherosclerosis." D. "We want to increase HDL cholesterol, which helps rid the body of excess cholesterol, and to decrease LDL cholesterol, which carries excess cholesterol to the body tissue to be stored."
200
The nurse is teaching a community group about the role that cholesterol plays in the development of high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. To decrease this risk, the nurse recommends that clients maintain a total cholesterol level of less than ____ mg/dL.
a
The nurse planning care for a client newly diagnosed with slightly elevated serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL initiates a dietary consult for which reason? A. Nonpharmacologic approaches to dyslipidemia should be initiated before pharmacologic agents are prescribed. B. This particular pattern of dyslipidemia is not amenable to pharmacologic agents. C. These levels are sufficiently elevated that pharmacologic intervention alone is unlikely to be successful. D. Dietary modifications can be useful for lipid disorders, but only as an adjunct intervention after pharmacologic therapy for clients has been initiated.
c
Which client is most likely to require a folic acid supplement to treat anemia? A. A client who has a forearm arterial-venous shunt and is scheduled for dialysis three times weekly B. A client who has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus C. A client who has a history of chronic heavy alcohol intake D. A client who has a history of chronic heart failure with multiple exacerbations
d
Which goal is appropriate for a person attempting to control cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels? A. Increase plant sterol intake to 1 to 2 grams daily. B. Limit dietary fat to less than 50% of total calories. C. Limit saturated fat intake to less than 15% of total calories. D. Limit cholesterol intake to less than 200 mg daily.
b
Which statement indicates that a client has understood instructions about cholestyramine? A. "I should take this drug at least 1 hour before taking any other drugs." B. "I will drink plenty of fluids while I am taking this drug." C. "I should report to my doctor any increase in swelling of my ankles." D. "I will take this drug when I wake up in the morning."
